Trazabilidad de insumos y suministros en producción de semiconserva de anchoveta Engraulis ringens en Inversiones Prisco S.A.C.

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Pesquería. Departamento Académico de Acuicultura e Industrias PesquerasEl presente trabajo buscó describir el procedimiento de trazabilidad de insumos y suministros en semiconserva de anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) tipo anchoa en Inversiones Prisco S.A.C., para ello se realizó un ejemplo de trazabilidad de un Comunicado de Venta (C.V.) con el número 085-001-2022 el cual tenía dos presentaciones de anchoveta madurada, con la finalidad de demostrar la ruta del trazado hasta llegar a los insumos usados en dicha producción. Los insumos rastreados se dividieron básicamente en cuatro partes, el primer insumo la sal, seguido del aceite y luego el envase que contenía el producto y finalmente la tapa. Para la elaboración del trazado se necesitó de información fundamental como el Packing List, proyectado de producción, formatos de consumo de los días de producción, formatos de inspección de insumos y suministros, de esta forma se obtuvieron los lotes, fechas de producción, procedencia del insumo, fecha de ingreso a planta, registros de inspección de los insumos, condiciones de calidad del insumo, cantidades, entre otros. La trazabilidad es fundamental debido que permitió reconstruir el recorrido de un producto.The present work sought to describe the traceability procedure of inputs and supplies in semi-preserved anchovy (Engraulis ringens) type anchovy in Inversiones Prisco S.A.C., for this purpose a traceability exercise was carried out of a sales communication with the number 085-001-2022 on which had two presentations of ripened anchovy, with the purpose of demonstrating the route of the layout until reaching the inputs used in said production. The inputs tracked were basically divided into four parts, the first input being salt, followed by oil and then the container that contained the product and finally the lid. For the elaboration of the layout, fundamental information was needed such as the Packing List, projected production, consumption formats of the days of production, input and supply inspection formats, in this way the batches, production dates, origin of the input, date of entry to the plant, input inspection records, quality conditions of the input, quantities, among others. Traceability is fundamental because it allowed reconstructing the route of a product

Functional Response Analysis of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) Reared on Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann)

A bioassay with the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata reared on third instar Anastrepha fraterculus larvae at 25 ± 1 ºC, 75 ± 5% RH, and 12:12 (L:D) h photoperiod was carry out in order to determine the functional response parameters. The study was performed in the Insectary of PROIMI-CONICET, Biological Control Division, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. Eight A. fraterculus larvae densities were tested independently (1, 2, 3, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 larvae per Petri dish without larval diet and covered with mesh). Each larval density was exposed during 3 hours to a single 6-8 days old randomly selected parasitoid female. The densities 1 and 2 were replicated 71 times, densities 3 and 5 were replicated 70 and 68 times respectively, and densities 15 to 120 larvae were replicated 41 times. Low densities were replicated more times in order to obtain a better discrimination between a type II and III functional response curve. Before the experiment, the parasitoids were held in 13x20x25 cm plastic frame cage at a density of ~100 parasitoid, 1:1 sex rate per cage, and they were provided with water and honey. A density-dependence in the proportion of larvae attacked was found, so we fitted the data to the equation proposed by Hassell et al. (1977). The following parameters were recorded: 1) percentage of total parasitism (emerged plus unmerged parasitoids) at different densities; 2) functional response parameters; handling time (Th) and searching rate (a?). A type III functional response was found. Functional response measuring in laboratory may show little resemblance to those obtained on field, but is important to take account, that it could be used to infer basic mechanisms underlying the parasitoid-host interaction, so this kind of experiments could provide important information for biological control programs.Fil: Núñez Campero, Segundo Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Albornoz Medina, Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Ovruski Alderete, Sergio Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina7ma Reunión del Grupo de Trabajo en Moscas de la Fruta del Hemisferio OccidentalMazatlánMéxicoGobierno Federal de México. Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo RuralServicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad AgroalimentariaOrganismo Internacional de Energía AtómicaGobierno Federal de Estados Unidos. Departamento de Agricultur

MicroRNAs in rice innate immunity

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short regulatory non-coding RNAs that guide gene silencing in most eukaryotes. They regulate gene expression by triggering sequence-specific cleavage or translational repression of target transcripts. Plant miRNAs are known to play important roles in a wide range of developmental processes. Increasing evidence also supports that the modulation of miRNA levels plays an important role in reprogramming plant responses to abiotic stress (drought, cold, salinity and nutrient deficiency) and biotic stress (antibacterial resistance). Most of these studies were carried out in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. During the last years, the adoption of high-throughput sequencing technologies has significantly contributed to uncover multiple miRNAs while allowing miRNA profiling in plants. However, although a plethora of rice miRNAs have been shown to be regulated by pathogen infection, the biological function remains largely unknown for most of them. In this review, we summarize our current understanding on the contribution of miRNAs to rice immunity and discuss their potential applications in rice biotechnology. A better understanding of the miRNA species controlling rice immunity may lead to practical biotechnological applications leading to the development of appropriate strategies for rice protection

OsDCL1a activation impairs phytoalexin biosynthesis and compromises disease resistance in rice

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression via sequence-specific cleavage or translational repression of target transcripts. They are transcribed as long single-stranded RNA precursors with unique stem-loop structures that are processed by a DICER-Like (DCL) ribonuclease, typically DCL1, to produce mature miRNAs. Although a plethora of miRNAs have been found to be regulated by pathogen infection in plants, the biological function of most miRNAs remains largely unknown. Here, the contribution of OsDCL1 to rice immunity was investigated. OsDCL1a activation enhances susceptibility to infection by fungal pathogens in rice. Activation of OsDCL1a represses the pathogen-inducible host defence response and negatively regulates diterpenoid phytoalexin production. These findings provide a basis to understand the molecular mechanisms through which OsDCL1a mediates rice immunity

De la sociedad de riesgo a seguridad ciudadana: “empirismo sistemático para diseñar medidas de autoprotección”

     La seguridad ciudadana es un tema de debate e importancia significativa en la actualidad en Ecuador, la prensa publica los hechos violentos y delitos diariamente desempeñando un papel de denuncia pública por parte de la ciudadanía que la denominaremos “sociedad de riesgo”; sin embargo gubernamentalmente se debería desarrollar acciones para enfrentamiento de este fenómeno con medidas de radicalidad en función de sus atribuciones en el estado a través de endurecimiento legislativo en beneficio de los actores sociales, ciudadanía e institución responsable de “Atender la seguridad ciudadana y el orden público, y proteger el libre ejercicio de los derechos y la seguridad de las personas dentro del territorio nacional”. (Constitución Política de la República, Art. 163). Por lo cual en esta publicación se presentan las medidas de autoprotección para seguridad ciudadana ante el incremento de actos delictivos y violencia. La población está demandando políticas públicas más determinantes por parte del Gobierno para que la protección a la vida, la libertad, la propiedad y la seguridad personal se ejerzan eficazmente, y que el grave fenómeno de la delincuencia sea combatido con la finalidad que prime la seguridad y confianza necesarios para propiciar la convivencia y el desarrollo armónico nacional.      Palabras Clave: seguridad, seguridad ciudadana, sociedad de riesgo, delitos, autoprotección

La asociatividad como estrategia para la competitividad de cadenas productivas: una revisión de la literatura científica

La asociatividad es la estrategia más importante que tiene el pequeño y mediano comercio para lograr modernizar y competir. Es por ello que esta investigación se enfocó en averiguar la información que existe acerca de la asociatividad como estrategia para la competitividad de cadenas productivas, estableciéndose de esta manera el objetivo de conocer todo lo relacionado con las investigaciones acerca de la asociatividad para las cadenas productivas. Se consideró idóneo consultar portales de bibliotecas digitales, tomando como referencia toda la información de los últimos 10 años hasta la actualidad, haciendo uso de repositorios virtuales como: Google Académico, Renati, Scielo y ProQuest, en el idioma español e inglés, cabe resaltar que en algunos casos la investigación se redujo a conseguir artículos de todos los años y especialidad de negocios. Mediante la sistematización de la información se llegó a la conclusión que la asociatividad es la mejor estrategia para aumentar la competitividad de cadenas productivas especialmente en el sector agroindustrial porque pueden desarrollar estrategias de comercialización más eficientes

Asociatividad y cadena productiva de café en la Cooperativa de Servicios Múltiples Unión y Fe La Coipa – Cajamarca, 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer si la falta de asociatividad impidió la formación de cadena productiva de café en la Cooperativa de servicios múltiples Unión y Fe La Coipa, San Ignacio – Cajamarca en el año 2020. El método utilizado tuvo un diseño descriptivo cualitativo, no experimental de diseño transversal, teniendo como población a 337 socios – productores y al personal del área administrativo de la Cooperativa, pero se tomó como muestra mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia y de acuerdo a las variables de estudio al área administrativo, empleando como instrumento de recolección de datos una entrevista por conveniencia a través de 22 preguntas de acuerdo a las dimensiones e indicadores de cada variable. El resultado obtenido demostró que la asociatividad de productores ha permitido mejoras en la cadena productiva de la Cooperativa, puesto que han logrado mejorar sus diversos procesos (provisión, transformación y comercialización) mediante estrategias y un buen trabajo en equipo. Como conclusión la asociatividad si permite el buen desarrollo de la cadena productiva, pues no solo beneficia a los socios productores, sino también a la Cooperativa en sus diferentes procesos, logrando ofrecer un producto de alta calidad hacia el mercado exterior.The objective of this study was to determine whether the lack of associativity prevented the formation of a coffee production chain in the multiple services cooperative Unión y Fe La Coipa, San Ignacio - Cajamarca in 2020. The method used had a qualitative descriptive design, non-experimental of transversal design, having as population 337 partners - producers and the personnel of the administrative area of the Cooperative, but it was taken as a sample through a non-probabilistic sampling by convenience and according to the variables of study to the administrative area, using as an instrument of data collection an interview by convenience through 22 questions according to the dimensions and indicators of each variable. The results obtained showed that the associativity of producers has allowed improvements in the productive chain of the Cooperative, since they have been able to improve their different processes (supply, transformation and commercialization) through strategies and good teamwork. In conclusion, associativity does allow for the good development of the production chain, since it not only benefits the producer members, but also the Cooperative in its different processes, managing to offer a high-quality product to the foreign market

Dramatic decrease in prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and new insights into intestinal protozoa in children living in the Chaco Region, Bolivia

We assessed the prevalence of intestinal parasites among 268 2-12-year-old children living in rural areas, small villages, and semi-urban areas of the Chaco region, south-eastern Bolivia. The overall parasitism was 69%. Only protozoa, helminths, or co-infections were observed in 89.2%, 5.9%, or 4.9% of the positive children, respectively. A significant progressive increase in overall parasite prevalence was found when passing from rural areas to small villages and semi-urban areas. The most commonly found species were Entamoeba coli (38.4%), Giardia intestinalis (37.7%), and Blastocystis spp. (16%). Hymenolepis nana was the most prevalent helminth (5.6%), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworms (1.5% and 0.4%) evidenced only in rural areas and in villages. Molecular diagnostics identified Blastocystis subtypes 9 and 2, and 5 infections by Entamoeba histolytica and 4 by Entamoeba dispar. The dramatic decrease in prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths with respect to that observed about 20 years ago (> 40%) evidences the success of the preventive chemotherapy intervention implemented in 1986. Health education and improved sanitation should be intensified to control protozoan infections

Automatic solid-phase extraction by programmable flow injection coupled to chromatographic fluorimetric determination of fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum bactericidal agents applied for the treatment of human and veterinary diseases. Their common use and their incorrect disposal foster environmental contamination, namely in water resources, increasing the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Hence, a method based on automatic solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography and fluorimetric detection is proposed for the determination of fluoroquinolones in environmental waters. For the solid-phase extraction procedure, a commercially available molecularly imprinted polymer targeting fluoroquinolones was trapped inside a flow-through extraction column, integrated into a programmable flow injection system using multisyringe flow injection analysis, where all steps concerning sorbent conditioning, sample loading, matrix removal, and analyte elution were performed under computer control. The eluate resulting from the sample preparation was collected and transferred at-line to chromatographic analysis using a reversed-phase monolithic column coupled to a fluorimetric detector, and isocratic elution with methanol-phosphoric acid (pH 3.0; 5.0 mM) (17.5:82.5, v/v) at a flow rate of 3.5 mL min-1. Sample treatment and chromatographic analysis were performed in tandem, with sample throughput limited by the sample treatment step. Calibration curves based on fluorescence intensity vs. analyte mass were obtained in the range of 10 to 1000 pg for norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin with LOD values of 6-19 ng L-1 for a sample volume of 100 mL, and RSD < 11% at 0.7 ¿g L-1. The method was successfully applied to estuarine river water analysis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio