Inclinação de Assentamento de Larvas e Adultos do Coral Recifal Favia Gravida em Recifes de Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brasil

A successful reproduction is the first step in coral larvae recruitment on the reefs. Substrate types, as well as its orientation may affect coral recruitment, growth and survival rates. The current study was made at Porto Seguro, BA, Brasil, and aimed to observe planulation pattern, verifying the settlement preference of larvae on three different substrate slopes - horizontal, vertical and inclinated (45o) and evaluate the slope preference of Favia gravida adult colonies in different reefs of Porto Seguro, BA. Adult colonies were taken to aquariums and observed until planulation. Recently released larvae were transferred for aquariums with recruitment plates. These plates were examined after the 21st day of planulation. Porto Seguro most common reef types were sampled regarding adults occurrence: “coastal reefs”, the top of a patch reef or a reef flat, and the internal wall of a large lagoon inside Recife de Fora. Colonies slope were measured using a graduated arc and a float or weight (for negative positioned colonies) placed at the base of each colony, comprising a total of 540 colonies, 180 in each reef sampled. The larvae did not present a preference for substrate slope. Since adult colonies were commonly found at slightly steep upper surfaces, it is suggested that differential mortality may have happened with larvae in other surfaces. As Favia gravida larvae did not present strict slope preferences, and based on the knowledge that adults tend to occur at moderate steep surfaces, the results suggest this is the most suitable orientation for recruit introduction in Porto Seguro reefs in rehabilitation activities of degraded environmental, to certify most recruits survivorship in long term.O sucesso na reprodução é o primeiro passo para o recrutamento de corais nos recifes. O tipo de substrato, bem como a sua orientação, pode afetar o recrutamento, crescimento, e taxas de sobrevivência de corais. O presente estudo teve como objetivos observar o padrão de planulação, verificar a preferência de assentamento de larvas em placas com diferentes inclinações - horizontal, vertical e inclinada (45o) e analisar a inclinação preferencial de colônias adultas do coral Favia gravida em diferentes recifes de Porto Seguro, BA. Colônias adultas foram mantidas em aquários e acompanhadas até a planulação. As larvas recém liberadas foram transferidas para aquários com placas de recrutamento. Estas foram triadas a partir do 21o dia após a última adição de larvas. Os principais tipos recifais encontrados em Porto Seguro foram amostrados: recifes costeiros, o topo de um “cabeço”, e a borda interna de uma das piscinas naturais do Recife de Fora. A inclinação das colônias foi determinada com a ajuda de um transferidor e uma bóia ou peso (para inclinações negativas) posicionando-o junto à base da colônia, totalizando na medição de 540 colônias, 180 por local amostrado. As larvas não apresentaram preferência por uma determinada inclinação durante o assentamento. Como as colônias adultas de Favia gravida foram encontradas com maior freqüência em superfícies superiores e ligeiramente inclinadas no substrato recifal, sugere-se que pode haver mortalidade diferencial das larvas assentadas em outras posições. Não havendo restrição de inclinações para assentamento das larvas de F. gravida e sabendo que adultos da mesma espécie tendem a ocorrer em superfícies inclinadas superiores, os resultados sugerem que esta seja a orientação mais adequada para implantação de recrutas nos recifes de Porto Seguro em atividades de recuperação de ambientes degradados, garantindo assim, uma maior sobrevivência dos recrutas a longo prazo

From thermal rectifiers to thermoelectric devices

We discuss thermal rectification and thermoelectric energy conversion from the perspective of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and dynamical systems theory. After preliminary considerations on the dynamical foundations of the phenomenological Fourier law in classical and quantum mechanics, we illustrate ways to control the phononic heat flow and design thermal diodes. Finally, we consider the coupled transport of heat and charge and discuss several general mechanisms for optimizing the figure of merit of thermoelectric efficiency.Comment: 42 pages, 22 figures, review paper, to appear in the Springer Lecture Notes in Physics volume "Thermal transport in low dimensions: from statistical physics to nanoscale heat transfer" (S. Lepri ed.

Intensity-dependent dispersion under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency in coherently prepared multistate atoms

Published versio

Resonant and off-resonant transients in electromagnetically induced transparency: Turn-on and turn-off dynamics

Published versio

Client and therapist initial experience of using mindfulness in therapy

Literature has demonstrated the influence of mindfulness practice on both clients and therapists; however, no literature has considered the experience of mindfulness in therapy from both members of the therapeutic dyad. The present study interviewed five separate therapy dyads (n=10) regarding their experience of first using mindfulness in session. Participants, both clients and therapists, had little-to-no experience with mindfulness prior to the study. Interview transcripts were analyzed and common themes were derived. Results indicated that both clients and therapist felt that the practice of mindfulness had an impact on the therapeutic relationship. Furthermore, participants also suggested ways in which therapists may better utilize mindfulness in therapy