152 research outputs found
Overcoming the risk of inaction from emissions uncertainty in smallholder agriculture
The potential for improving productivity and increasing the resilience of smallholder agriculture, while also contributing to climate change mitigation, has recently received considerable political attention (Beddington et al 2012). Financial support for improving smallholder agriculture could come from performance-based funding including sale of carbon credits or certified commodities, payments for ecosystem services, and nationally appropriate mitigation action (NAMA) budgets, as well as more traditional sources of development and environment finance. Monitoring the greenhouse gas fluxes associated with changes to agricultural practice is needed for performance-based mitigation funding, and efforts are underway to develop tools to quantify mitigation achieved and assess trade-offs and synergies between mitigation and other livelihood and environmental priorities (Olander 2012)
Ramp-rate effects in transient enhanced diffusion and dopant activation
Use of high ramp rates ͑Ͼ400°C/s͒ in rapid thermal annealing after ion implantation leads to experimentally observed improvements in junction depth and the reverse narrow-channel effect. However, a straightforward explanation for this effect has been lacking. Via modeling, we find that increasing the heating rate permits clusters with dissociation energies lower than the maximum of 3.5-3.7 eV to survive to higher temperatures. This improved survival delays the increase in Si interstitial concentrations near the top of an annealing spike, which decreases the profile spreading
Collision Dynamics and Solvation of Water Molecules in a Liquid Methanol Film
Environmental molecular beam experiments are used to examine water
interactions with liquid methanol films at temperatures from 170 K to 190 K. We
find that water molecules with 0.32 eV incident kinetic energy are efficiently
trapped by the liquid methanol. The scattering process is characterized by an
efficient loss of energy to surface modes with a minor component of the
incident beam that is inelastically scattered. Thermal desorption of water
molecules has a well characterized Arrhenius form with an activation energy of
0.47{\pm}0.11 eV and pre-exponential factor of 4.6 {\times} 10^(15{\pm}3)
s^(-1). We also observe a temperature dependent incorporation of incident water
into the methanol layer. The implication for fundamental studies and
environmental applications is that even an alcohol as simple as methanol can
exhibit complex and temperature dependent surfactant behavior.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
A multiscale systems approach to microelectronic processes
Abstract This paper describes applications of molecular simulation to microelectronics processes and the subsequent development of techniques for multiscale simulation and multiscale systems engineering. The progression of the applications of simulation in the semiconductor industry from macroscopic to molecular to multiscale is reviewed. Multiscale systems are presented as an approach that incorporates molecular and multiscale simulation to design processes that control events at the molecular scale while simultaneously optimizing all length scales from the molecular to the macroscopic. It is discussed how design and control problems in microelectronics and nanotechnology, including the targeted design of processes and products at the molecular scale, can be addressed using the multiscale systems tools. This provides a framework for addressing the "grand challenge" of nanotechnology: how to move nanoscale science and technology from art to an engineering discipline
Infraglenoidal scapular notching in reverse total shoulder replacement: a prospective series of 60 cases and systematic review of the literature
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The impact of infraglenoidal scapular notching in reversed total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is still controversially discussed. Our goal was to evaluate its potential influence on subjective shoulder stability and clinical outcome. We hypothesized that subjective instability and clinical outcome after implantation of RTSA correlates with objective scapular notching.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sixty shoulders were assessed preoperatively and at minimum 2-year follow-up for active range of motion and by use of the Oxford instability score, Rowe score for instability, Constant score for pain, Constant shoulder score, DASH score. All shoulders were evaluated on anterior-posterior and axillary lateral radiographic views. These X-ray scans were classified twice by two orthopaedic surgeons with respect to infraglenoidal scapular notching according to the classification of Nerot. Notching was tested for correlation with clinical outcome scores to the evaluated notching.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found no significant correlation between infraglenoidal scapular notching and clinical outcomes after a mid-term follow-up from 24 to 60 months, but at the final follow-up of 60 months and more, we did see statistically significant, positive correlations between infraglenoidal scapular notching and the Constant pain score as well as active range of motion. At mean follow-up of 42 months (range from 24 to 96 months) we found no significant correlation between subjective instability and infraglenoidal scapular notching.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that patients' subjective impression on their shoulders' stability is not correlating with radiological signs of infraglenoidal scapular notching. Nevertheless clinical parameters are affected by infraglenoidal scapular notching, at least in the long term</p
Influence of firm size on the competencies required to management engineers in the Jordanian telecommunications sector
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in European Journal of Engineering Education on [13 jun 2016], available online:http://www.tandfonline.com/ doi/abs/10.1080/03043797.2016.1197890.[EN] The objective of this study is to identify the competencies required to
achieve success in the transition from higher education to the labour
market based on the perceptions of employers. This paper analyses the
assessments made by a group of engineering company employers. An
item-battery of 20 competencies was grouped into 3 dimensions by
using factor analysis. Subsequently, respondents scores were also
clustered into three groups and characterised through contingency
tables. The competencies demanded by employers were grouped into
business and finance, problem-solving and strategic planning. Significant
differences were found between responses from employers working in
medium and small companies, who placed more importance on
competencies related to problem-solving and strategic planning, and
employers in big companies, who were more concerned about the
difficulties of finding well-trained graduates. The findings from this
paper have important implications for research in the areas of higher
education and organisations that usually employ graduate engineers.The authors would like to thank the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) [Tempus program. Project number 511074] of the European Commission for providing funding for conducting this study. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.Conchado Peiró, A.; Bas Cerdá, MDC.; Gharaibeh, KM.; Kaylani, H. (2016). Influence of firm size on the competencies required to management engineers in the Jordanian telecommunications sector. European Journal of Engineering Education. 1-14. doi:10.1080/03043797.2016.1197890S114ALLEN, J., & DE WEERT, E. (2007). What Do Educational Mismatches Tell Us About Skill Mismatches? A Cross-country Analysis. European Journal of Education, 42(1), 59-73. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3435.2007.00283.xBarrella, E. M., & Buffinton, K. W. (2009). Corporate Assessment of Strategic Issues in Technology Management. Engineering Management Journal, 21(1), 27-33. doi:10.1080/10429247.2009.11431795Bartram, D., Lindley, P. A., Marshall, L., & Foster, J. (1995). The recruitment and selection of young people by small businesses. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 68(4), 339-358. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1995.tb00592.xBehrends, T. (2007). Recruitment Practices in Small and Medium Size Enterprises. An Empirical Study among Knowledge-intensive Professional Service Firms. management revu, 18(1), 55-74. doi:10.5771/0935-9915-2007-1-55Boshuizen, H. P. A. (s. f.). Does Practice Make Perfect? Innovation and Change in Professional Education, 73-95. doi:10.1007/1-4020-2094-5_5Branine, M. (2008). Graduate recruitment and selection in the UK. Career Development International, 13(6), 497-513. doi:10.1108/13620430810901660Butler, C. J., & Chinowsky, P. S. (2006). Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Behavior in Construction Executives. Journal of Management in Engineering, 22(3), 119-125. doi:10.1061/(asce)0742-597x(2006)22:3(119)Carbone, T. A., & Gholston, S. (2004). Project Manager Skill Development: A Survey of Programs and Practitioners. Engineering Management Journal, 16(3), 10-16. doi:10.1080/10429247.2004.11415252Cassell, C., Nadin, S., Gray, M., & Clegg, C. (2002). Exploring human resource management practices in small and medium sized enterprises. Personnel Review, 31(6), 671-692. doi:10.1108/00483480210445962Cattell, R. B., & Vogelmann, S. (1977). A Comprehensive Trial Of The Scree And Kg Criteria For Determining The Number Of Factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 12(3), 289-325. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr1203_2Chan, A. P. C., Ho, D. C. K., & Tam, C. M. (2001). Effect of Interorganizational Teamwork on Project Outcome. Journal of Management in Engineering, 17(1), 34-40. doi:10.1061/(asce)0742-597x(2001)17:1(34)Coll, R. K., & Zegwaard, K. E. (2006). Perceptions of desirable graduate competencies for science and technology new graduates. Research in Science & Technological Education, 24(1), 29-58. doi:10.1080/02635140500485340Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. doi:10.1007/bf02310555Dekker, R., de Grip, A., & Heijke, H. (2002). The effects of training and overeducation on career mobility in a segmented labour market. International Journal of Manpower, 23(2), 106-125. doi:10.1108/01437720210428379Elfenbein, D. W., Hamilton, B. H., & Zenger, T. R. (2010). The Small Firm Effect and the Entrepreneurial Spawning of Scientists and Engineers. Management Science, 56(4), 659-681. doi:10.1287/mnsc.1090.1130Farr, J. V., & Brazil, D. M. (2009). Leadership Skills Development for Engineers. Engineering Management Journal, 21(1), 3-8. doi:10.1080/10429247.2009.11431792Garen, J. E. (1985). Worker Heterogeneity, Job Screening, and Firm Size. Journal of Political Economy, 93(4), 715-739. doi:10.1086/261327Gharaibeh, K. M., Kaylani, H., Murphy, N., Brennan, C., Itradat, A., Al-Bataineh, M., … Bany Salameh, H. (2014). A Masters Programme in telecommunications management – demand-based curriculum design. European Journal of Engineering Education, 40(3), 267-284. doi:10.1080/03043797.2014.944104Hayes, J., Rose‐Quirie, A., & Allinson, C. W. (2000). Senior managers’ perceptions of the competencies they require for effective performance: implications for training and development. Personnel Review, 29(1), 92-105. doi:10.1108/00483480010295835Hersch, J. (1991). Education Match and Job Match. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 73(1), 140. doi:10.2307/2109696Hoegl, M., & Parboteeah, K. P. (2007). Creativity in innovative projects: How teamwork matters. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 24(1-2), 148-166. doi:10.1016/j.jengtecman.2007.01.008Hoegl, M., Praveen Parboteeah, K., & Gemuenden, H. G. (2003). When teamwork really matters: task innovativeness as a moderator of the teamwork–performance relationship in software development projects. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 20(4), 281-302. doi:10.1016/j.jengtecman.2003.08.001Van Hoorn, T. P. (1979). Strategic planning in small and medium-sized companies. Long Range Planning, 12(2), 84-91. doi:10.1016/0024-6301(79)90076-1HUSELID, M. A. (1995). THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON TURNOVER, PRODUCTIVITY, AND CORPORATE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE. Academy of Management Journal, 38(3), 635-672. doi:10.2307/256741Kaiser, H. F. (1958). The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 23(3), 187-200. doi:10.1007/bf02289233Kaufman, L., & Rousseeuw, P. J. (Eds.). (1990). Finding Groups in Data. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. doi:10.1002/9780470316801Krug, J. (1997). People Skills: Teamwork. Journal of Management in Engineering, 13(2), 15-16. doi:10.1061/(asce)0742-597x(1997)13:2(15)Male, S. A., Bush, M. B., & Chapman, E. S. (2010). Perceptions of Competency Deficiencies in Engineering Graduates. Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, 16(1), 55-68. doi:10.1080/22054952.2010.11464039Mao, X., Zhang, X., & AbouRizk, S. M. (2009). Enhancing Value Engineering Process by Incorporating Inventive Problem-Solving Techniques. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(5), 416-424. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000001Mendelsohn, R. (1998). Teamwork—The Key to Productivity. Journal of Management in Engineering, 14(1), 22-25. doi:10.1061/(asce)0742-597x(1998)14:1(22)Moore, B. V. (1921). Personnel selection of graduate engineers: The differentiation of apprentice engineers for training as salesmen, designers, and executives of production. Psychological Monographs, 30(5), i-85. doi:10.1037/h0093191Moy, J. W., & Lee, S. M. (2002). The career choice of business graduates: SMEs or MNCs? Career Development International, 7(6), 339-347. doi:10.1108/13620430210444367Nair, C. S., Patil, A., & Mertova, P. (2009). Re-engineering graduate skills – a case study. European Journal of Engineering Education, 34(2), 131-139. doi:10.1080/03043790902829281Passow, H. J. (2012). Which ABET Competencies Do Engineering Graduates Find Most Important in their Work? Journal of Engineering Education, 101(1), 95-118. doi:10.1002/j.2168-9830.2012.tb00043.xPinnington, A. H. (2011). Competence development and career advancement in professional service firms. Personnel Review, 40(4), 443-465. doi:10.1108/00483481111133336Reio, T. G., & Sutton, F. C. (2006). Employer assessment of work-related competencies and workplace adaptation. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 17(3), 305-324. doi:10.1002/hrdq.1176Robar, T. Y. (1998). Communication and Career Advancement. Journal of Management in Engineering, 14(2), 26-28. doi:10.1061/(asce)0742-597x(1998)14:2(26)Rowold, J., & Kauffeld, S. (2008). Effects of career‐related continuous learning on competencies. Personnel Review, 38(1), 90-101. doi:10.1108/00483480910920732Ruiz-Mercader, J., Meroño-Cerdan, A. L., & Sabater-Sánchez, R. (2006). Information technology and learning: Their relationship and impact on organisational performance in small businesses. International Journal of Information Management, 26(1), 16-29. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2005.10.003Soliman, F., & Spooner, K. (2000). Strategies for implementing knowledge management: role of human resources management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(4), 337-345. doi:10.1108/13673270010379894Srour, I., Abdul-Malak, M.-A., Itani, M., Bakshan, A., & Sidani, Y. (2013). Career Planning and Progression for Engineering Management Graduates: An Exploratory Study. Engineering Management Journal, 25(3), 85-100. doi:10.1080/10429247.2013.11431985Sunindijo, R. Y., Hadikusumo, B. H., & Ogunlana, S. (2007). Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Styles in Construction Project Management. Journal of Management in Engineering, 23(4), 166-170. doi:10.1061/(asce)0742-597x(2007)23:4(166)Tanova, C. (2003). Firm size and recruitment: staffing practices in small and large organisations in north Cyprus. Career Development International, 8(2), 107-114. doi:10.1108/13620430310465534Teichler, U. (1999). Higher education policy and the world of work: changing conditions and challenges. Higher Education Policy, 12(4), 285-312. doi:10.1016/s0952-8733(99)00019-7Tsang, M. C., & Levin, H. M. (1985). The economics of overeducation. Economics of Education Review, 4(2), 93-104. doi:10.1016/0272-7757(85)90051-2Ward, J. H. (1963). Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(301), 236-244. doi:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845Zenger, T. R. (1994). Explaining Organizational Diseconomies of Scale in R&D: Agency Problems and the Allocation of Engineering Talent, Ideas, and Effort by Firm Size. Management Science, 40(6), 708-729. doi:10.1287/mnsc.40.6.708Zenger, T. R., & Lazzarini, S. G. (2004). Compensating for innovation: Do small firms offer high-powered incentives that lure talent and motivate effort? Managerial and Decision Economics, 25(67), 329-345. doi:10.1002/mde.119
Hydrodynamic limits for the monomer-dimer surface reaction: Chemical diffusion, wave propagation, and equistability
Climate change adaptation and mitigation in smallholder crop–livestock systems in sub-Saharan Africa: a call for integrated impact assessments
- …