37 research outputs found
Bail-In from an Insolvency Law Perspective
Coherent privaatrech
Too Complex to Work: A Critical Assessment of the Bail-In Tool Under the European Bank Recovery and Resolution Regime
This paper analyses the bail-in tool under the BRRD and predicts that it will not reach its policy objective. To make this argument, this paper first describes the policy rationale that calls for mandatory PSI. From this analysis the key features for an effective bail-in tool can be derived. These insights serve as the background to make the case that the European resolution framework is likely ineffective in establishing adequate market discipline through risk-reflecting prices for bank capital. The main reason for this lies in the avoidable embeddedness of the BRRD’s bail-in tool in the much broader resolution process which entails ample discretion of the authorities also in forcing private sector involvement. Finally, this paper synthesized the prior analysis by putting forward an alternative regulatory approach that seeks to disentangle private sector involvement as a precondition for effective bank-resolution as much as possible form the resolution process as such
Cytoplasmic Dynein Antagonists with Improved Potency and Isoform Selectivity
Cytoplasmic dyneins
1 and 2 are related members of the AAA+ superfamily
(ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) that function
as the predominant minus-end-directed microtubule motors in eukaryotic
cells. Dynein 1 controls mitotic spindle assembly, organelle movement,
axonal transport, and other cytosolic, microtubule-guided processes,
whereas dynein 2 mediates retrograde trafficking within motile and
primary cilia. Small-molecule inhibitors are important tools for investigating
motor protein-dependent mechanisms, and ciliobrevins were recently
discovered as the first dynein-specific chemical antagonists. Here,
we demonstrate that ciliobrevins directly target the heavy chains
of both dynein isoforms and explore the structure–activity
landscape of these inhibitors <i>in vitro</i> and in cells.
In addition to identifying chemical motifs that are essential for
dynein blockade, we have discovered analogs with increased potency
and dynein 2 selectivity. These antagonists effectively disrupt Hedgehog
signaling, intraflagellar transport, and ciliogenesis, making them
useful probes of these and other cytoplasmic dynein 2-dependent cellular
processes