Relationship Between Job Satisfaction with Intention to Turnover: A Study on Malaysia France Institute

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between job satisfaction with turnover intentions of Malaysia France Institute employees. The instrument employed was the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) (Weiss et al., 1967) to measure job satisfaction, and a four-items adapted from Hunt, Osborn and Martin ( 198 1) was used to measure intention to turnover. The Pearson correlation, T -test, and ANOVA test were used to determine the relationships and differences between variables. A total of 130 self-administered questionnaire was distributed to all MFI employees and 72 (55. 38%) responses were collected. The results showed that more than half (55. 6%) of MFI employees were either satisfied or very satisfied with their current job and only 5. 6% have low job satisfaction. The main job satisfiers in MFI were the job activity and relationship among co-workers. Meanwhile the main job dissatisfiers were company policy and practices, and job advancement. Though it was found that job satisfaction has a moderate negative relationship (r=-0.397, p<0.0 1) with overall intention to turnover, the intention to turnover in MFI was high too. Only 8.3% respondents have low turnover intention, while 30.6% have high turnover intention and the other 6 1. 1 % have moderate turnover intention level. Other findings obtained like age, salary and working tenure did not have any significant relationship with both job satisfaction and turnover intention. Job satisfaction and intention to turnover also did not differ by gender and academic qualification. The analysis confirms that the measures of job satisfaction exert an inverse relationship with intention to turnover. That is, the higher levels of job satisfaction are associated with lower levels of intention to turnover. However, the situation in MFI was a little different, where high level of job satisfaction does not guarantee low intention to turnover. The probable reason behind the finding was that though the MFI employees are satisfied with their current job, they perceive that there are better job opportunities available elsewhere

Language of Lullabies: The Russification and De-Russification of the Baltic States

This article argues that the laws for promotion of the national languages are a legitimate means for the Baltic states to establish their cultural independence from Russia and the former Soviet Union

Global standards of Constitutional law : epistemology and methodology

Just as it led the philosophy of science to gravitate around scientific practice, the abandonment of all foundationalist aspirations has already begun making political philosophy into an attentive observer of the new ways in which constitutional law is practiced. Yet paradoxically, lawyers and legal scholars are not those who understand this the most clearly. Beyond analyzing the jurisprudence that has emerged from the expansion of constitutional justice, and taking into account the development of international and regional law, the ongoing globalization of constitutional law requires comparing the constitutional laws of individual nations. Following Waldron, the product of this new legal science can be considered as ius gentium. This legal science is not as well established as one might like to think. But it can be developed on the grounds of the practice that consists in ascertaining standards. As abstract types of best “practices” (and especially norms) of constitutional law from around the world, these are only a source of law in a substantive, not a formal, sense. They thus belong to what I should like to call a “second order legal positivity.” In this article I will undertake, both at a methodological and an epistemological level, the development of a model for ascertaining global standards of constitutional law

Economic Development and Forest Cover: Evidence from Satellite Data

We use satellite data on forest cover along national borders in order to study the determinants of deforestation differences across countries. We combine the forest cover information with data on homogeneous response units, which allow us to control for cross-country geoclimatic differences when assessing the drivers of deforestation. Income per capita appears to be the most robust determinant of differences in cross-border forest cover and our results present evidence of the existence of decreasing effects of income on forest cover as economic development progresses.(authors' abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Serie