70 research outputs found

    Optical Devices for Cold Atoms and Bose-Einstein Condensates

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    The manipulation of cold atoms with optical fields is a very promising technique for a variety of applications ranging from laser cooling and trapping to coherent atom transport and matter wave interferometry. Optical fields have also been proposed as interesting tools for quantum information processing with cold atoms. In this paper, we present a theoretical study of the dynamics of a cold 87Rb atomic cloud falling in the gravity field in the presence of two crossing dipole guides. The cloud is either deflected or split between the two branches of this guide. We explore the possibilities of optimization of this device and present preliminary results obtained in the case of zero-temperature dilute Bose-Einstein condensates.Comment: Proceedings of the International Spectroscopy Conference ISC-2007, Sousse, Tunisi

    Computational Laser Spectroscopy in a Biological Tissue

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    We present a numerical spectroscopic study of visible and infrared laser radiation in a biological tissue. We derive a solution of a general two-dimensional time dependent radiative transfer equation in a tissue-like medium. The used model is suitable for many situations especially when the external source is time-dependent or continuous. We use a control volume-discrete ordinate method associated with an implicit three-level second-order time differencing scheme. We consider a very thin rectangular biological-tissue-like medium submitted to a visible or a near infrared light sources. The RTE is solved for a set of different wavelength source. All sources are assumed to be monochromatic and collimated. The energetic fluence rate is computed at a set of detector points on the boundaries. According to the source type, we investigate either the steady-state or transient response of the medium. The used model is validated in the case of a heterogeneous tissue-like medium using referencing experimental results from the literature. Also, the developed model is used to study changes on transmitted light in a rat-liver tissue-like medium. Optical properties depend on the source wavelength and they are taken from the literature. In particular, light-transmission in the medium is studied for continuous wave and for short pulse

    Numerical simulation of mixed convection flows in LID-Driven square cavity

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    Paper presented to the 10th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Florida, 14-16 July 2014.Mixed convection heat transfer in two-dimensional lid-driven rectangular cavity filled with air (Pr =0.71) is studied numerically. A hybrid scheme with multiple relaxation time Lattice Boltzmann Method (MRT-LBM) is used to obtain the velocity field while the temperature field is deduced from energy balance equation by using the Finite Difference Method (FDM). The main objective of this work is to investigate the model effectiveness for mixed convection flow simulation. Results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms and Nusselt numbers. Excellent agreement is obtained between our results and previous works. This comparison demonstrates the robustness and the accuracy of our proposed approach.dc201

    QUELLE STRATÉGIE D’ACCOMPAGNEMENT AUX JEUNES ENTREPRENEURS CRÉATEURS DE START-UP AU MAROC

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    Au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies, les organismes internationaux se sont lancĂ©s dans des programmes d’action visant Ă  Ă©tudier la dynamique entrepreneuriale et les politiques mises en Ɠuvre par les pays pour stimuler et faciliter la crĂ©ation d’entreprise. L’entrepreneuriat dĂ©pend essentiellement de la reconnaissance de l’état des activitĂ©s Ă©conomiques dans lesquelles s’investissent les entrepreneurs ainsi que les facilitĂ©s que les pouvoirs publics leur accordent. Dans le cadre de la stratĂ©gie nationale de la promotion du travail des jeunes diplĂŽmĂ©s, les autoritĂ©s publiques marocaine ont instaurĂ© un programme de crĂ©ation de TPE « MOUKAWALATI » accompagnant les jeunes promoteurs avant et durant la crĂ©ation de leur entreprise, les soutenant lors de son dĂ©marrage et les accompagnants pendant l’annĂ©e qui suit son ouverture. Nous avons assistĂ©, ces derniĂšres annĂ©es, Ă  la multiplication des Ă©tudes sur les politiques, les programmes et les structures de soutien Ă  la crĂ©ation d’entreprises innovantes, ainsi qu’au dĂ©veloppement des manifestations scientifiques s’intĂ©ressant principalement Ă  cet axe de recherche. Dans ce sens, cet article porter sur la dĂ©marche d’appui Ă  l’entrepreneuriat et surtout sur l’exploration des programmes et des mĂ©canismes d’appui et d’accompagnement Ă  la crĂ©ation d’entreprises

    Clinical significance of T-bet, GATA-3, and Bcl-6 transcription factor expression in bladder carcinoma

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    International audienceBackground: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of three immune cell-related transcription factors, T-bet, GATA-3 and Bcl-6 in bladder cancer in Tunisian patients.Methods: Expression of T-bet, GATA-3 and Bcl-6 genes was assessed using RT-qPCR in 65 bladder cancers from patients: 32 being diagnosed as low-and medium-grade, 31 as high-grade, 25 as muscle invasive stage and 39 as non-muscle invasive stage. Gene expression was statistically correlated according to the grade, the stage, tobacco consumption, the BCG response and disease severity.Results: T-bet levels in patients with high-grade bladder cancer were significantly elevated compared to patients with low-or medium-grade bladder cancer (p = 0.005). In invasive carcinoma (T2-T4), the T-bet levels were significantly higher than in superficial non-invasive bladder tumors (Tis, Ta, and T1) (p = 0.02). However, T-bet is predictive of the response to BCG. Its expression is high in good responders to BCG (p = 0.02). In contrast, the expression of GATA-3 and Bcl-6 in non-invasive carcinoma (p = 0.008 and p = 0.0003) and in patients with low-and medium-grade cancers (p = 0.001 and p < 0.0001) is significantly higher than in invasive bladder tumors and in patients with high-grade bladder carcinoma, respectively. In addition, heavy smokers, whose tumors express low levels of GATA-3 and Bcl-6, are poor responders to BCG (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03). Finally, better patient survival correlated with GATA-3 (p = 0.04) and Bcl-6 (p = 0.04) but not T-bet expression.Conclusions: Our results suggest that T-bet expression in bladder tumors could be a positive prognostic indicator of BCG therapy, even if high levels are found in high-grade and stage of the disease. However, GATA-3 and Bcl-6 expression could be considered as predictive factors for good patient survival

    Polymorphism rs3087243 is associated with the occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis in the West Algerian population

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    Background: Numerous studies have shown that polymorphism rs231775 of the CTLA4 gene is strongly implicated in the development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Other polymorphisms of this gene are candidates that may have an additional effect in susceptibility to AS. For the first time, we searched for the association of rs3087243 polymorphism located in the 3'UTR region of the CTLA4 gene with the development of SA in the Algerian population. Methods: The study involved 200 subjects (80 AS patients recruited at the rheumatology service and 120 healthy individuals unrelated). Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR (Taqman¼). Analysis of the results was carried out by IBM.SPSS.Statictis¼ software. Results: The distribution of allele frequencies showed a significant association between the GG genotype of the polymorphism rs3087243 and AS risk (OR= 1.77 [0.98-3.21], p=0.004). Conclusion: Our data would suggest that the 3'UTR region of the CTLA4 gene could have an impact on the development of SA in the West Algerian population. These results need to be confirmed on a larger sample

    Étude des mĂ©canismes d’instabilitĂ© et d’envol des particules en lien avec l’hydratation des sols fins

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    The aim of this thesis is to characterize the soil surface degradation mechanisms of compacted soils subjected to cyclic rolling solicitations. These cyclic loadings generated by traffic are the main responsible of dust emission during earthworks. The present study was carried out in collaboration with “FĂ©dĂ©ration Nationale des Travaux Publics” and “Syndicat Professionnel des Terrassiers de France“, as part of their voluntary commitment to better control the water consumption during earthworks implementation, and particularly for dust abatement. The first part of the report deals with the evolution of soil compaction properties obtained by using different compaction methods, at laboratory and in-situ scales. The rolling compaction method has been considered, at laboratory scale in order to reproduce a stress tensor rotation similar to that applied in-situ. The study confirmed that the proposed rolling compaction method allows both to reproduce a continuous rotation of the stress tensor, and to maintain an average density state close to that of the laboratory compaction reference. The microstructural study highlighted that inter-aggregate pore size is governed by compaction, while intra-aggregate pore size is influenced by soil humidification. The study of mechanisms of soil surface degradation under rolling loads, responsible for the dust emission, was carried out in the second part of the study. This part demonstrates the influence of rolling cycles on the soil surface state of compacted soil and its evolution. The first rolling cycles generates a pullout aggregates, and then, under the effect of repetitive passages, these aggregates break down into smaller aggregates, or even fine particles with high dust emission potential. Soil surface degradation occurs to be linked to the implementation conditions, the compaction degree, the drying process as well as the type of soil. The third part of the study deals with the water adsorption and infiltration potential of unconsolidated soils during spraying phase by water mist. Correlations between soil specific surface area and adsorption potential with the hydraulic conductivity of the soil have been established. The analysis of the surface structure via image processing demonstrated the aggregation phenomenon under humidification, which is a function of the granulometric and mineralogical composition of the soil. Based on the adsorption and infiltration study, a spraying parameter is proposed to link the hydraulic properties of soil with the spraying system used in-situL’objectif de cette thĂšse est de caractĂ©riser les mĂ©canismes de dĂ©structuration en surface des sols compactĂ©s, soumis Ă  des sollicitations cycliques de roulement. Ces chargements cycliques, gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s par le trafic, sont principalement responsables de l’envol de particules fines et poussiĂšres sur les chantiers de terrassement. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude est rĂ©alisĂ©e en collaboration avec la FĂ©dĂ©ration Nationale des Travaux Publics et le Syndicat Professionnel des Terrassiers de France, dans le cadre de leur engagement volontaire, qui vise Ă  mieux contrĂŽler les consommations en eau sur les chantiers de terrassement, utilisĂ©e pour rĂ©duire les particules fines en vol. La premiĂšre partie du rapport consiste Ă  aborder l’évolution des propriĂ©tĂ©s des sols compactĂ©s au moyen de diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes de compactage, au laboratoire comme in-situ. La mĂ©thode de compactage par roulement a Ă©tĂ© adoptĂ©e, Ă  l’échelle du laboratoire, afin de reproduire une rotation des tenseurs de contraintes similaire Ă  celle appliquĂ©e in-situ. L’étude a confirmĂ© que la mĂ©thode de compactage par roulement proposĂ©e permet, Ă  la fois de reproduire une rotation continue du tenseur de contraintes, et de conserver un Ă©tat de densitĂ© moyen proche de celui de la rĂ©fĂ©rence de compactage du laboratoire. L’étude microstructurale a soulignĂ© que la taille des pores inter-agrĂ©gats est gouvernĂ©e par le compactage, tandis que la taille des pores intra-agrĂ©gats est influencĂ©e par l’humidification du sol. L’étude des mĂ©canismes de dĂ©structuration de surface de sol sous sollicitations de roulement, responsables de l’envol, a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e dans la seconde partie de l’étude. Cette partie met en Ă©vidence l’influence des cycles de roulement sur l’état de surface du sol compactĂ© et son Ă©volution. Les premiers cycles de roulement gĂ©nĂšrent un dĂ©tachement d’agrĂ©gats de grande taille, puis, sous l’effet des passages rĂ©pĂ©titifs, ces agrĂ©gats se dĂ©composent en plus petits agrĂ©gats, voire en particules fines sujettes Ă  l’envol. La dĂ©structuration de surface est liĂ©e aux conditions de mise en Ɠuvre, Ă  l’état de compacitĂ©, au processus du sĂ©chage, ainsi qu’au type de sol. La troisiĂšme partie de la thĂšse porte sur l’étude du potentiel d’adsorption et d’infiltration de l’eau dans les sols non consolidĂ©s lors de leur arrosage par brumisation. Des corrĂ©lations entre la surface spĂ©cifique et le potentiel d’adsorption avec la conductivitĂ© hydraulique du sol ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablies. L’analyse de la structure de la surface via le traitement d’images a dĂ©montrĂ© le phĂ©nomĂšne d’agrĂ©gation sous humidification, qui est fonction de la composition granulomĂ©trique et minĂ©ralogique du sol. Sur la base de l'Ă©tude d'adsorption et d'infiltration, un paramĂštre d’arrosage est proposĂ© pour lier les propriĂ©tĂ©s hydrauliques du sol avec le matĂ©riel d’arrosage in-sit

    Study of instability mechanisms of particles related to the hydration of fine soils

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    L’objectif de cette thĂšse est de caractĂ©riser les mĂ©canismes de dĂ©structuration en surface des sols compactĂ©s, soumis Ă  des sollicitations cycliques de roulement. Ces chargements cycliques, gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s par le trafic, sont principalement responsables de l’envol de particules fines et poussiĂšres sur les chantiers de terrassement. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude est rĂ©alisĂ©e en collaboration avec la FĂ©dĂ©ration Nationale des Travaux Publics et le Syndicat Professionnel des Terrassiers de France, dans le cadre de leur engagement volontaire, qui vise Ă  mieux contrĂŽler les consommations en eau sur les chantiers de terrassement, utilisĂ©e pour rĂ©duire les particules fines en vol. La premiĂšre partie du rapport consiste Ă  aborder l’évolution des propriĂ©tĂ©s des sols compactĂ©s au moyen de diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes de compactage, au laboratoire comme in-situ. La mĂ©thode de compactage par roulement a Ă©tĂ© adoptĂ©e, Ă  l’échelle du laboratoire, afin de reproduire une rotation des tenseurs de contraintes similaire Ă  celle appliquĂ©e in-situ. L’étude a confirmĂ© que la mĂ©thode de compactage par roulement proposĂ©e permet, Ă  la fois de reproduire une rotation continue du tenseur de contraintes, et de conserver un Ă©tat de densitĂ© moyen proche de celui de la rĂ©fĂ©rence de compactage du laboratoire. L’étude microstructurale a soulignĂ© que la taille des pores inter-agrĂ©gats est gouvernĂ©e par le compactage, tandis que la taille des pores intra-agrĂ©gats est influencĂ©e par l’humidification du sol. L’étude des mĂ©canismes de dĂ©structuration de surface de sol sous sollicitations de roulement, responsables de l’envol, a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e dans la seconde partie de l’étude. Cette partie met en Ă©vidence l’influence des cycles de roulement sur l’état de surface du sol compactĂ© et son Ă©volution. Les premiers cycles de roulement gĂ©nĂšrent un dĂ©tachement d’agrĂ©gats de grande taille, puis, sous l’effet des passages rĂ©pĂ©titifs, ces agrĂ©gats se dĂ©composent en plus petits agrĂ©gats, voire en particules fines sujettes Ă  l’envol. La dĂ©structuration de surface est liĂ©e aux conditions de mise en Ɠuvre, Ă  l’état de compacitĂ©, au processus du sĂ©chage, ainsi qu’au type de sol. La troisiĂšme partie de la thĂšse porte sur l’étude du potentiel d’adsorption et d’infiltration de l’eau dans les sols non consolidĂ©s lors de leur arrosage par brumisation. Des corrĂ©lations entre la surface spĂ©cifique et le potentiel d’adsorption avec la conductivitĂ© hydraulique du sol ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablies. L’analyse de la structure de la surface via le traitement d’images a dĂ©montrĂ© le phĂ©nomĂšne d’agrĂ©gation sous humidification, qui est fonction de la composition granulomĂ©trique et minĂ©ralogique du sol. Sur la base de l'Ă©tude d'adsorption et d'infiltration, un paramĂštre d’arrosage est proposĂ© pour lier les propriĂ©tĂ©s hydrauliques du sol avec le matĂ©riel d’arrosage in-situThe aim of this thesis is to characterize the soil surface degradation mechanisms of compacted soils subjected to cyclic rolling solicitations. These cyclic loadings generated by traffic are the main responsible of dust emission during earthworks. The present study was carried out in collaboration with “FĂ©dĂ©ration Nationale des Travaux Publics” and “Syndicat Professionnel des Terrassiers de France“, as part of their voluntary commitment to better control the water consumption during earthworks implementation, and particularly for dust abatement. The first part of the report deals with the evolution of soil compaction properties obtained by using different compaction methods, at laboratory and in-situ scales. The rolling compaction method has been considered, at laboratory scale in order to reproduce a stress tensor rotation similar to that applied in-situ. The study confirmed that the proposed rolling compaction method allows both to reproduce a continuous rotation of the stress tensor, and to maintain an average density state close to that of the laboratory compaction reference. The microstructural study highlighted that inter-aggregate pore size is governed by compaction, while intra-aggregate pore size is influenced by soil humidification. The study of mechanisms of soil surface degradation under rolling loads, responsible for the dust emission, was carried out in the second part of the study. This part demonstrates the influence of rolling cycles on the soil surface state of compacted soil and its evolution. The first rolling cycles generates a pullout aggregates, and then, under the effect of repetitive passages, these aggregates break down into smaller aggregates, or even fine particles with high dust emission potential. Soil surface degradation occurs to be linked to the implementation conditions, the compaction degree, the drying process as well as the type of soil. The third part of the study deals with the water adsorption and infiltration potential of unconsolidated soils during spraying phase by water mist. Correlations between soil specific surface area and adsorption potential with the hydraulic conductivity of the soil have been established. The analysis of the surface structure via image processing demonstrated the aggregation phenomenon under humidification, which is a function of the granulometric and mineralogical composition of the soil. Based on the adsorption and infiltration study, a spraying parameter is proposed to link the hydraulic properties of soil with the spraying system used in-sit

    Research of prognostic biomarkers in Tunisian patients with bladder cancer

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    Le cancer de la vessie reprĂ©sente un vrai problĂšme de santĂ© publique, avec une surveillance et suivi clinique Ă  long terme en raison de l’importance des frĂ©quences de rĂ©cidives. La chimiothĂ©rapie reste souvent inefficace. L’objectif de cette thĂšse est donc la recherche de marqueurs sĂ©rologiques et molĂ©culaires Ă  valeur pronostique dans le cancer de la vessie qui peuvent servir Ă  prĂ©dire la maladie. D’abord, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© trois facteurs de transcriptions des lymphocytes T activĂ©es qui sont T-bet, GATA-3 et Bcl-6. Nous avons montrĂ© une surexpression de T-bet chez les malades Ă  stade invasif et de haut grade, cependant, la surexpression de GATA-3 et Bcl-6 a Ă©tĂ© corrĂ©lĂ©e au stade superficiel et de bas grade. La survie a Ă©tĂ© corrĂ©lĂ©e avec le groupe des malades sans histoires de rĂ©cidive ou progression et avec la surexpression de Bcl-6 et GATA-3. Cependant les malades qui expriment fortement T-bet rĂ©pondent mieux au BCG. Ensuite, nous avons visĂ© la dĂ©tection de FasL et TRAIL solubles dans le sĂ©rum des malades atteints du cancer vĂ©sicale. Nous avons montrĂ© une surexpression de sFasL et sTRAIL chez les malades Ă  stade superficiel et de bas grade. Le rĂŽle anti-tumoral de ces cytokines a Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ© sur deux lignĂ©es du cancer de la vessie montrant que le traitement avec le sĂ©rum riche en sFasL ou en sTRAIL diminue la viabilitĂ© cellulaire in vitro. A la fin de cette thĂšse, nous avons testĂ© l’activation p-Akt dans la tumeur vĂ©sicale. Nous avons montrĂ© une surexpression de p-Akt au sein des tumeurs comparĂ©es au tissu sain adjacent, et au sein des malades Ă  stade invasif et de haut grade. Akt semble ĂȘtre un marqueur de progression tumorale dans le cancer de la vessie.Bladder cancer is the first most common urogenital cancer in men in Tunisia, with a high recurrence rate. Patients with muscle-invasive disease develop metastasis. The need for expensive continuous surveillance. In this thesis we try to search some candidate biomarkers. Their use for cancer staging and personalization of therapy at the time of diagnosis in order to identify a better treatment could improve patient care. The aim of this first part of our study was to investigate the clinical significance of three immune cell-related transcription factors, T-bet, GATA-3 and Bcl-6 in Tunisian patients with bladder cancer. We found that T-bet level was significantly higher in invasive carcinoma with high- grade. However, T-bet is predictive of response to BCG. On the contrary, the expression of GATA-3 and Bcl-6 was significantly higher in non-invasive carcinoma with low grade. We furthermore studied the effect of activation of soluble FasL and TRAIL molecule in bladder cancer. We demonstrate that the mean serum level of sFasL was higher in patients than in normal donors. sFasL was only higher than in sera of healthy donors where patients had superficial stage and low- and medium-grade cancer. sTRAIL was significantly lower in sera from patients with invasive and high-grade bladder carcinoma than in controls. Finally, we demonstrate that p-Akt levels in patients with invasive carcinoma and high-grade bladder cancer were significantly elevated compared to patients with non-invasive and low grade bladder cancer. Altogether, our results suggest that Akt activation can provide useful prognostic information
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