28 research outputs found

    HfO2 nanoparticles as computed tomography contrast agent for atherothrombosis detection

    No full text
    L’athĂ©rothrombose, premiĂšre cause de dĂ©cĂšs dans le monde constitue un rĂ©el problĂšme de santĂ© publique qui nĂ©cessite un diagnostic prĂ©coce, afin d’anticiper et d’éviter la survenue d’accidents vasculaires aigus. Le diagnostic de cette pathologie, est rĂ©alisĂ© par la tomodensitomĂ©trie CT. Les avancĂ©es rĂ©centes au niveau des dĂ©tecteurs du scanner Ă  comptage photonique (SPCCT), permettent l’exploitation de la raie au niveau du k-edge des agents de contraste, et leur discrimination spĂ©cifique, et quantitative. Le dĂ©veloppement de ce scanner multicolore, et les nombreux effets secondaires considĂ©rables de l’iode, utilisĂ© comme agent de contraste Ă  l’heure actuelle, nĂ©cessite de nouveaux candidats Ă  haut k-edge comme agents de contraste en imagerie X. Parmi ces candidats, figure les nanoparticules (NPs) d’oxyde d’hafnium (HfO2), qui sont dĂ©jĂ  testĂ©es Ă  l’échelle clinique (stade III) comme agent radiosensibilisant pour le traitement du cancer. L’objectif de cette thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© de dĂ©velopper des NPs HfO2 comme agent de contraste en imagerie X, dans le cadre de la dĂ©tection de l’athĂ©rothrombose. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse de plusieurs conditions de synthĂšse, a permis la sĂ©lection d’une condition optimale, pour la synthĂšse et la stabilisation des nanoparticules sans surfactants. Les NPs HfO2 obtenues reproductibles, stables, ont Ă©tĂ© fonctionnalisĂ©es en surface avec le fucoĂŻdane, un polysaccharide sulfatĂ© qui prĂ©sente une trĂšs bonne affinitĂ© pour la P-sĂ©lectine, une glycoprotĂ©ine biomarqueur de l’athĂ©rothrombose, et des ions citrates comme ligand contrĂŽle. La prĂ©sence de lacunes d’oxygĂšne a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© des propriĂ©tĂ©s de photoluminescence pour les NPs HfO2, qui sont d’autant plus amplifiĂ©es en prĂ©sence du fucoĂŻdane. Les tests d’adhĂ©sion sous flux dynamique artĂ©riel, ont dĂ©montrĂ© un ciblage spĂ©cifique des agrĂ©gats plaquettaires activĂ©s en prĂ©sence de la nanoplatefome HfO2-Fucoidane. La cytotoxicitĂ© des nanoparticules fonctionnalisĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e sur un modĂšle de cellules humaines, HUVEC, et la preuve de concept de l’attĂ©nuation des rayonnements X en imagerie k-edge du SPCCT, a Ă©tĂ© apportĂ©e. Ces rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© le dĂ©veloppement d’un nouvel outil Ă  base de NPs HfO2, comme agent de contraste en imagerie X, pour le diagnostic Ă  l’échelle molĂ©culaire de l’athĂ©rothrombose.Atherothrombosis, the leading cause of death in the world, is a real public health problem that requires early diagnosis in order to anticipate and prevent the occurrence of acute vascular accidents. The diagnosis of this pathology is made by CT tomography. Recent advances in photon-counting scanner (SPCCT) detectors allow the exploitation of the line at the k-edge of contrast agents, and their specific and quantitative discrimination. The development of this multicolored scanner, and the many significant side effects of iodine, currently used as a contrast agent, requires new candidates with high k-edge as contrast agents in X-ray imaging. Among these candidates, is the case of hafnium oxide (HfO2) nanoparticles (NPs), which are already clinically tested (Stage III) as a radiosensitizing agent for cancer treatment. The objective of this thesis was to develop HfO2 NPs as a contrast agent in X-ray imaging, as part of the detection of atherothrombosis. Initially, the analysis of several synthesis conditions allowed the selection of an optimal condition for the synthesis and stabilization of surfactant-free nanoparticles. HfO2 NPs obtained reproducible, stable, were functionalized on the surface with fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide that has a very good affinity for P-selectin, a biomarker glycoprotein of atherothrombosis, and citrate ions as a control ligand. The presence of oxygen vacancies revealed photoluminescence properties for the HfO2 NPs, which are amplified after functionalization with fucoidan. The adhesion tests under arterial dynamic flux, have demonstrated a specific targeting of platelet aggregates activated in the presence of the nanoplatefome HfO2-Fucoidane. The cytotoxicity of functionalized nanoparticles was evaluated on a human cell model, HUVEC, and proof of concept of X-ray attenuation in SPCCT k-edge imaging was provided. These results showed the development of a new nanotool based on NPs HfO2, as a contrast agent in X-ray imaging, for molecular-scale diagnosis of  atherothrombosis

    DĂ©veloppement de nanoparticules HfO2 comme agent de contraste en imagerie X ans le cadre de la détection de l’athérothrombose

    No full text
    Atherothrombosis, the leading cause of death in the world, is a real public health problem that requires early diagnosis in order to anticipate and prevent the occurrence of acute vascular accidents. The diagnosis of this pathology is made by CT tomography. Recent advances in photon-counting scanner (SPCCT) detectors allow the exploitation of the line at the k-edge of contrast agents, and their specific and quantitative discrimination. The development of this multicolored scanner, and the many significant side effects of iodine, currently used as a contrast agent, requires new candidates with high k-edge as contrast agents in X-ray imaging. Among these candidates, is the case of hafnium oxide (HfO2) nanoparticles (NPs), which are already clinically tested (Stage III) as a radiosensitizing agent for cancer treatment. The objective of this thesis was to develop HfO2 NPs as a contrast agent in X-ray imaging, as part of the detection of atherothrombosis. Initially, the analysis of several synthesis conditions allowed the selection of an optimal condition for the synthesis and stabilization of surfactant-free nanoparticles. HfO2 NPs obtained reproducible, stable, were functionalized on the surface with fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide that has a very good affinity for P-selectin, a biomarker glycoprotein of atherothrombosis, and citrate ions as a control ligand. The presence of oxygen vacancies revealed photoluminescence properties for the HfO2 NPs, which are amplified after functionalization with fucoidan. The adhesion tests under arterial dynamic flux, have demonstrated a specific targeting of platelet aggregates activated in the presence of the nanoplatefome HfO2-Fucoidane. The cytotoxicity of functionalized nanoparticles was evaluated on a human cell model, HUVEC, and proof of concept of X-ray attenuation in SPCCT k-edge imaging was provided. These results showed the development of a new nanotool based on NPs HfO2, as a contrast agent in X-ray imaging, for molecular-scale diagnosis of  atherothrombosis.L’athĂ©rothrombose, premiĂšre cause de dĂ©cĂšs dans le monde constitue un rĂ©el problĂšme de santĂ© publique qui nĂ©cessite un diagnostic prĂ©coce, afin d’anticiper et d’éviter la survenue d’accidents vasculaires aigus. Le diagnostic de cette pathologie, est rĂ©alisĂ© par la tomodensitomĂ©trie CT. Les avancĂ©es rĂ©centes au niveau des dĂ©tecteurs du scanner Ă  comptage photonique (SPCCT), permettent l’exploitation de la raie au niveau du k-edge des agents de contraste, et leur discrimination spĂ©cifique, et quantitative. Le dĂ©veloppement de ce scanner multicolore, et les nombreux effets secondaires considĂ©rables de l’iode, utilisĂ© comme agent de contraste Ă  l’heure actuelle, nĂ©cessite de nouveaux candidats Ă  haut k-edge comme agents de contraste en imagerie X. Parmi ces candidats, figure les nanoparticules (NPs) d’oxyde d’hafnium (HfO2), qui sont dĂ©jĂ  testĂ©es Ă  l’échelle clinique (stade III) comme agent radiosensibilisant pour le traitement du cancer. L’objectif de cette thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© de dĂ©velopper des NPs HfO2 comme agent de contraste en imagerie X, dans le cadre de la dĂ©tection de l’athĂ©rothrombose. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse de plusieurs conditions de synthĂšse, a permis la sĂ©lection d’une condition optimale, pour la synthĂšse et la stabilisation des nanoparticules sans surfactants. Les NPs HfO2 obtenues reproductibles, stables, ont Ă©tĂ© fonctionnalisĂ©es en surface avec le fucoĂŻdane, un polysaccharide sulfatĂ© qui prĂ©sente une trĂšs bonne affinitĂ© pour la P-sĂ©lectine, une glycoprotĂ©ine biomarqueur de l’athĂ©rothrombose, et des ions citrates comme ligand contrĂŽle. La prĂ©sence de lacunes d’oxygĂšne a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© des propriĂ©tĂ©s de photoluminescence pour les NPs HfO2, qui sont d’autant plus amplifiĂ©es en prĂ©sence du fucoĂŻdane. Les tests d’adhĂ©sion sous flux dynamique artĂ©riel, ont dĂ©montrĂ© un ciblage spĂ©cifique des agrĂ©gats plaquettaires activĂ©s en prĂ©sence de la nanoplatefome HfO2-Fucoidane. La cytotoxicitĂ© des nanoparticules fonctionnalisĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e sur un modĂšle de cellules humaines, HUVEC, et la preuve de concept de l’attĂ©nuation des rayonnements X en imagerie k-edge du SPCCT, a Ă©tĂ© apportĂ©e. Ces rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© le dĂ©veloppement d’un nouvel outil Ă  base de NPs HfO2, comme agent de contraste en imagerie X, pour le diagnostic Ă  l’échelle molĂ©culaire de l’athĂ©rothrombose

    DĂ©veloppement de nanoparticules HfO2 comme agent de contraste en imagerie X ans le cadre de la détection de l’athérothrombose

    No full text
    Atherothrombosis, the leading cause of death in the world, is a real public health problem that requires early diagnosis in order to anticipate and prevent the occurrence of acute vascular accidents. The diagnosis of this pathology is made by CT tomography. Recent advances in photon-counting scanner (SPCCT) detectors allow the exploitation of the line at the k-edge of contrast agents, and their specific and quantitative discrimination. The development of this multicolored scanner, and the many significant side effects of iodine, currently used as a contrast agent, requires new candidates with high k-edge as contrast agents in X-ray imaging. Among these candidates, is the case of hafnium oxide (HfO2) nanoparticles (NPs), which are already clinically tested (Stage III) as a radiosensitizing agent for cancer treatment. The objective of this thesis was to develop HfO2 NPs as a contrast agent in X-ray imaging, as part of the detection of atherothrombosis. Initially, the analysis of several synthesis conditions allowed the selection of an optimal condition for the synthesis and stabilization of surfactant-free nanoparticles. HfO2 NPs obtained reproducible, stable, were functionalized on the surface with fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide that has a very good affinity for P-selectin, a biomarker glycoprotein of atherothrombosis, and citrate ions as a control ligand. The presence of oxygen vacancies revealed photoluminescence properties for the HfO2 NPs, which are amplified after functionalization with fucoidan. The adhesion tests under arterial dynamic flux, have demonstrated a specific targeting of platelet aggregates activated in the presence of the nanoplatefome HfO2-Fucoidane. The cytotoxicity of functionalized nanoparticles was evaluated on a human cell model, HUVEC, and proof of concept of X-ray attenuation in SPCCT k-edge imaging was provided. These results showed the development of a new nanotool based on NPs HfO2, as a contrast agent in X-ray imaging, for molecular-scale diagnosis of  atherothrombosis.L’athĂ©rothrombose, premiĂšre cause de dĂ©cĂšs dans le monde constitue un rĂ©el problĂšme de santĂ© publique qui nĂ©cessite un diagnostic prĂ©coce, afin d’anticiper et d’éviter la survenue d’accidents vasculaires aigus. Le diagnostic de cette pathologie, est rĂ©alisĂ© par la tomodensitomĂ©trie CT. Les avancĂ©es rĂ©centes au niveau des dĂ©tecteurs du scanner Ă  comptage photonique (SPCCT), permettent l’exploitation de la raie au niveau du k-edge des agents de contraste, et leur discrimination spĂ©cifique, et quantitative. Le dĂ©veloppement de ce scanner multicolore, et les nombreux effets secondaires considĂ©rables de l’iode, utilisĂ© comme agent de contraste Ă  l’heure actuelle, nĂ©cessite de nouveaux candidats Ă  haut k-edge comme agents de contraste en imagerie X. Parmi ces candidats, figure les nanoparticules (NPs) d’oxyde d’hafnium (HfO2), qui sont dĂ©jĂ  testĂ©es Ă  l’échelle clinique (stade III) comme agent radiosensibilisant pour le traitement du cancer. L’objectif de cette thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© de dĂ©velopper des NPs HfO2 comme agent de contraste en imagerie X, dans le cadre de la dĂ©tection de l’athĂ©rothrombose. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse de plusieurs conditions de synthĂšse, a permis la sĂ©lection d’une condition optimale, pour la synthĂšse et la stabilisation des nanoparticules sans surfactants. Les NPs HfO2 obtenues reproductibles, stables, ont Ă©tĂ© fonctionnalisĂ©es en surface avec le fucoĂŻdane, un polysaccharide sulfatĂ© qui prĂ©sente une trĂšs bonne affinitĂ© pour la P-sĂ©lectine, une glycoprotĂ©ine biomarqueur de l’athĂ©rothrombose, et des ions citrates comme ligand contrĂŽle. La prĂ©sence de lacunes d’oxygĂšne a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© des propriĂ©tĂ©s de photoluminescence pour les NPs HfO2, qui sont d’autant plus amplifiĂ©es en prĂ©sence du fucoĂŻdane. Les tests d’adhĂ©sion sous flux dynamique artĂ©riel, ont dĂ©montrĂ© un ciblage spĂ©cifique des agrĂ©gats plaquettaires activĂ©s en prĂ©sence de la nanoplatefome HfO2-Fucoidane. La cytotoxicitĂ© des nanoparticules fonctionnalisĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e sur un modĂšle de cellules humaines, HUVEC, et la preuve de concept de l’attĂ©nuation des rayonnements X en imagerie k-edge du SPCCT, a Ă©tĂ© apportĂ©e. Ces rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© le dĂ©veloppement d’un nouvel outil Ă  base de NPs HfO2, comme agent de contraste en imagerie X, pour le diagnostic Ă  l’échelle molĂ©culaire de l’athĂ©rothrombose

    Evaluation de la compréhension de l'information médico-chirurgicale par le patient dans un service d'urgence (impact sur sa satisfaction générale)

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    AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU MĂ©d/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Expression des molécules HLA-G solubles au cours d'hémopathies malignes

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    Les molécules HLA-G solubles possÚdent des propriétés immunosuppressives comme l'inhibition des fonctions des cellules NK et T. Une augmentation significative du taux des molécules HLA-G solubles a été mise en évidence dans différentes pathologies hématologiques malignes étudiées comparativement à une population témoin. L'étude des facteurs capables de moduler l'expression de ces molécules a permis de démontrer un rÎle différentiel des cytokines in vitro sur leur sécrétion selon le type ou la lignée de l'hémopathie. Aucun effet sur la sécrétion de HLA-G soluble n'a été observé sur des cellules normales équivalentes suggérant un rÎle important du contexte tumoral. Ce travail a permis également de démontrer pour la premiÚre fois un rÎle fonctionnel des molécules HLA-G solubles purifiées de plasmas de patients. L'ensemble de ces résultats suggÚre que l'expression des molécules HLA-G solubles au cours des hémopathies pourrait constituer une voie d'échappement à la réponse anti-tumorale.RENNES1-BU Sciences Philo (352382102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Horloges circadiennes et métabolisme : intégration des signaux métaboliques et environnementaux

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    Notre organisme est soumis Ă  des variations circadiennes, illustrĂ©es par un rythme journalier auto-entretenu de l’alternance activitĂ©/sommeil, de la tempĂ©rature corporelle, de la frĂ©quence cardiaque, du mĂ©tabolisme et de la sĂ©crĂ©tion de nombreuses hormones. Ces rythmes sont gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s par une horloge molĂ©culaire sensible Ă  l’état Ă©nergĂ©tique et prĂ©sente au sein de chacune de nos cellules. Ils procurent un avantage Ă©volutif en anticipant les Ă©vĂ©nements prĂ©dictibles (prise de nourriture, heure du coucher). Il n’est dĂšs lors pas Ă©tonnant que des perturbations de l’horloge (travail postĂ©, manque de sommeil) aient des consĂ©quences nĂ©fastes sur notre santĂ©

    Scrapie pathogenesis : the role of complement C1q in scrapie agent uptake by conventional dendritic cells

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    Mice lacking complement components show delayed development of prion disease following peripheral inoculation. The delay could relate to reduced scrapie prion protein (PrPSc) accumulation on follicular dendritic cells (DCs). However conventional DCs (cDCs) play a crucial role in the early pathogenesis of prion diseases and complement deficiency could result in decreased PrPSc uptake by cDCs in the periphery. To explore this possibility, we cultured murine splenic or gut-associated lymph node cDCs with scrapie-infected whole brain homogenate in the presence or absence of complement. Uptake decreased significantly if the serum in the cultures was heat-inactivated. Because heat inactivation primarily denatures C1q, we used serum from C1q(-/-) mice and showed that PrPSc uptake was markedly decreased. PrPSc internalization was saturable and temperature-dependent, suggesting receptor-mediated uptake. Furthermore, uptake characteristics differed from fluid-phase endocytosis. Immunofluorescence showed colocalization of C1q and PrPSc, suggesting interaction between these molecules. We evaluated the expression of several complement receptors on cDCs and confirmed that cDCs that take up PrPSc express one of the C1q receptors, calreticulin. Our results show that C1q participates in PrPSc uptake by cDCs, revealing a critical role for cDCs in initial prion capture, an event that takes place before the PrPSc accumulation within the follicular DC network. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 182: 1305-1313

    Soluble HLA-G Molecules Are Increased during Acute Leukemia, Especially in Subtypes Affecting Monocytic and Lymphoid Lineages

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    Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) molecules corresponding to nonclassic class I genes of the major histocompatibility complex exhibit immunomodulatory properties. They are either membrane-bound or solubly expressed during certain tumoral malignancies. Soluble human leukocyte antigen G (sHLA-G) molecules seem more frequently expressed than membrane-bound isoforms during hematologic malignancies, such as lymphoproliferative disorders. Assay of these molecules by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients suffering from another hematologic disorder (acute leukemia) highlights increased sHLA-G secretion. This increased secretion seems more marked in acute leukemia subtypes affecting monocytic and lymphoid lineages such as FABM4 and FABM5, as well as both B and T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Moreover, this study uses in vitro cytokine stimulations and reveals the respective potential roles of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon-Îł in increasing this secretion in FABM4 and ALL. Correlations between sHLA-G plasma level and clinical biologic features suggest a link between elevated sHLA-G level and 1) the absence of anterior myelodysplasia and 2) high-level leukocytosis. All these findings suggest that sHLA-G molecules could be a factor in tumoral escape from immune survey during acute leukemia
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