Las Leyes de Newton de la mecánica: Una revisión histórica y sus implicaciones en los textos de enseñanza

Este trabajo destaca la importancia de una presentación coherente y actualizada de la dinámica clásica como un factor clave para su aprendizaje. La primera parte de este trabajo contiene un análisis histórico de los aspectos críticos de las leyes de la dinámica clásica que muestra sus ambigüedades y sus posibles interpretaciones. A continuación, se analizan las alternativas de enseñanza en algunos libros de texto haciendo especial énfasis en sus características fundamentales. Como resultado, se concluye que la presentación de la dinámica clásica, tal como se hace actualmente, muestra deficiencias tanto de coherencia como de actualización, lo que sugiere la necesidad de una revisión general de la misma. SUMMARY This work highlights the importance of a coherent and updated presentation of classical dynamic as a key factor for learning. The first part of this work contains an historical analysis of the critical aspects of the laws of dynamics showing their ambiguities and their possible interpretations. Further on, the teaching alternatives in some textbooks are analyzed making an emphasis in their fundamental characteristics. As a result, we conclude that the presentation of the classic dynamics, as is currently done, shows weaknesses both in coherence and updated, suggesting the need for a general review of it

Evaluation and comparison of feeds on a combined economic-nutritional basis

Um método para avaliação dos alimentos em base econômico-nutritiva foi estabelecido nos Estados Unidos, usando os preços do milho e do farelo de soja para o cálculo do custo por unidade de energia e proteína. O custo dos outros nutrientes foi calculado na base de preços das fontes mais econômicas. No Brasil, também, o milho e farelo de soja são as fontes mais econômicas de energia e proteína. As flutuações de preços tornam difícil preparar uma tabela relacionando os preços destes ingredientes com o custo da energia e da proteína. Entretanto, simples equações foram desenvolvidas para este cálculo. O custo de 1.000 kcal de energia metabolizável, calculado com base nos preços de 1969, será dado pela fórmula 4,9a – b/14,4, e o do 1 kg de proteína, pela expressão 1,55b –a/0,59, em que a = custo da energia e proteína em 1 kg de milho, e b = custo da energia e proteína em 1 kg de farelo de soja. Equações similares poderão ser feitas para outras fontes de energia e proteína em países que não usam milho e farelo de soja como principais fontes.A procedure for evaluating rations on a combined economic-nutritional basis was developed in the United States using prices of corn and soybean meal to establish cost per unit of energy and protein. Costs of other nutrients were calculated from the price of their most economical source. In Brazil, also, corn and soybean meal are economical sources of energy and protein, and they are more suitable for use at high levels than are the alternative ingredients which are sometimes more economical. Wide price fluctuations in Brazil make it difficult to prepare a table relating corn and soybean meal prices to energy and protein costs. However, simplified equation have been developed to accomphis this. If α = cost of energy and protein in 1 kg of corn and b = cost of energy and protein in 1 kg of soybean meal, the cost of 1,000 kcal of metabolizable energy = 4.9a – b/14.4 and the cost of 1 kg of protein 1.55b – a/0.59. Similar equations could be developed for other sources of energy and protein in countries not using corn or soybean meal. Using these equations with prices prevailing in Porto Alegre, in 1969, it was calculated that energy accounted for 4.9% of the cost of ingredients of a broiler mash, protein 42.2%, minerals 6.5% and vitamins 1.9%

Differences in Body Composition between Playing Positions in Men’s Professional Soccer: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

The performance of male soccer players (MSPs) depends on multiple factors, such as body composition. It is understandable to think that, due to the physical demands and specific functions during play, body composition may vary depending on the playing position. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to describe the anthropometric, BC, and somatotype characteristics of professional MSPs and to compare the reported values according to playing position. We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science following the PRISMA statement. Random-effects meta-analysis, a pooled summary of means, and 95% CI (method or equation) were calculated. Random models were used with the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method. Twenty-six articles were included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis. After comparing the groups according to the playing position (goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, and forward), significant differences were found in age, height, weight, the sum of skinfolds, kilograms of muscle mass, and kilograms of fat-free mass (p = 0.001; p < 0.0001). No significant differences were observed in fat mass, percentage of fat-free mass, percentage of muscle mass, bone mass, and somatotype. Despite the limitations, this study provides useful information to help medical–technical staff to properly assess the BC of professional MSPs, providing reference values for the different positions

Adaptation of urban uses of environmental characteristics: A case study of La Safor, Valencia, Spain

[EN] In the 1990s a methodology was developed to apply the concept of land aptitude to urban plans. This methodology was based on the concepts of capacity and vulnerability in the face of different urban uses (e.g. residential use, industrial use and strategic facilities). The methodology was implemented thanks to geographical information systems (GIS) mapping of available cartography. In recent years, the available cartography has increased in quantity and in spatial resolution. Also, urban planning and environmental legislation have evolved. In this study, we propose a methodological update to incorporate all these changes. The updated methodology is applied to La Safor (Valencia, Spain), which is a region composed of 31 municipalities. La Safor is a model case study because of its characteristics that makes it representative of both coastal and inner areas. Our results point out the need to incorporate legal constraints to the methodology. Including climate adaptation is also essential for strategic urbanism and to accomplish environmental requirements. The methodology presented can be defined as an integrated assessment tool necessary for sustainable development and minimizing environmental risks.Altur Grau, VJ.; Aguilar-Maldonado, JA.; Sebastiá-Frasquet, M.; Miralles García, JL. (2019). Adaptation of urban uses of environmental characteristics: A case study of La Safor, Valencia, Spain. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment (Online). 238:187-198. https://doi.org/10.2495/SC190171S18719823

Farinha de mandioca como substituto parcial do milho na alimentação de frangos de corte

A trial evaluating cassava meal as corn replacement at 0,10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% level in broiler rations, was conducted at the Montenegro Experimental Station, Rio Grande do Sul, . Brazil. Feed consumption was not affected by replacing corn by cassava meal at levels varying from 0 to 50%. Nine week broilers were significantly heavier for the groups receiving rations in which cassava meal replaced 0, 10, 20 or 30% of the corn than for the 50% replacement group. There were no significant differences in feed conversion among treatment groups.Foi estudada em Montenegro, Rio Grande do Sul, a substituição parcial do milho pela farinha de mandioca aos níveis de zero, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50%, como elemento energético, na alimentação de frangos de corte. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que o consumo de ração não foi afetado pela substituição do milho por farinha de mandioca, entre os níveis de zero até 50%; o ganho de peso das aves foi superior dentro dos níveis de zero até 30%; a conversão alimentar não apresentou diferenças significativas (P < 0,05) entre os tratamentos, ao fim de 9 semanas de vida

Dietary Habits of Elite Soccer Players: Variations According to Competitive Level, Playing Position and Sex

Soccer is a sport practiced worldwide by both men and women, where nutrition plays a fundamental role in the performance of soccer players, providing them with the nutrients necessary for energy, muscle recovery and injury prevention. The aim of this study is to describe the dietary habits in elite soccer players and their association with their competitive level, playing position and sex. A descriptive and non-experimental comparative study was conducted during the 2021–2022 competitive season. A total of 105 players belonging to a Spanish elite soccer team completed a food frequency questionnaire (FCFQ). It was observed that male players presented a higher consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods (p < 0.05), fermented foods (p = 0.014), frozen foods (p = 0.049) and red meat (p = 0.012) compared to female players, with the exception of lean meats, which were higher in females (p = 0.012). Furthermore, the U16-15 categories stand out for consuming carbohydrate-rich foods such as pasta (p = 0.000), bread (p = 0.004) and sweets (p = 0.046), as well as frozen foods (p = 0.002). Finally, alcohol consumption is higher in the senior categories (42.9%), where men are more likely to drink mixed drinks (6.2%), and beer and wine by women (10.7%). Practically no differences were found between the playing positions. In conclusion, differences were found in FCFQ according to competitive level and sex

Application of MOOSY32 eNose to assess the Effects of Some Post Harvest Treatments on the Quality of "Salustiana" Orange Juice

A new prototype of Electronic Nose instrument, Multisensory Odor Olfactory System MOOSY32, with a processing method based on a multivariate classification analysis was used to assess different postharvest and storage treatments effects to Salustiana oranges. The analysis method is based on the measurement of the volatile compounds produced under different environmental and operational conditions. The Electronic Nose system revealed that orange juice flavor changes even when juices are analyzed right after each treatment and fruits are stored under refrigerated conditions. The instrument was able to detect even small changes in the aromatic pattern of the juices, confirming that the packing line itself is able to cause perceptible changes in the flavor. This can be a new and important finding in the Salustiana orange treatment that can lead to a significant improvement of fruits quality on the markets.Cupane, M.; Pelegrí Sebastiá, J.; Climent, E.; Guarrasi, V.; Sogorb Devesa, TC.; Germana, MA. (2015). Application of MOOSY32 eNose to assess the Effects of Some Post Harvest Treatments on the Quality of "Salustiana" Orange Juice. Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 6(4). doi:10.4172/2155-6210.1000184S6

Tratamiento de las fracturas del fémur distal en ancianos

Presentamos los resultados comparativos del tratamiento con dos métodos diferentes de 55 casos de fractura del fémur distal en pacientes ancianos. Hugo 27 pacientes que fueron tratados con el tornillo dinámico condilar (grupo A) y 28 con tracción esquelética (grupo B). Se obtuvieron resultados excelentes y buenos en el 70% del grupo quirúrgico y en el 30% del grupo no intervenido. Hubo más complicaciones en este último. Cinco pacientes fallecieron, todos ellos en el grupo B.We report the comparative results of treatment of 55 cases of fractures of the distal femur in elderly patients using two different methods. There were 27 patients treated with the dynamic condylar screw (group A), and 28 with skeletal traction (group B). excellent or good results were achieved in 70% of the operated and in 30% of the non-operated group. There were more complications in the latter. Five patients died, all of them in group B

Sentinel-2 analysis of flooded areas: applied case study "La Safor wetland, Spain"

[EN] La Safor wetland is a representative coastal wetland in the Valencia Region (eastern Spain, Mediterranean Sea). This wetland is recognized at an international level as a Special Protection Area (SPAs) for birds and a Site of Community Importance (SCIs) (Habitats Directive, European Council Directive). The wetland is located on a detrital plain aquifer which in turn is fed by a karstic aquifer in the near limestone reliefs. The flooded surface is variable and depends on pluviometry among other factors. The objective of this study is to analyse the effects of the flooded surface on land uses by remote sensing and Airborne LiDAR data. Sentinel-2A images processed at level 1C were obtained from Copernicus. LiDAR data was used to detect the most vulnerable areas affected by floods. In the results, we analysed the impact of the maximum flooded surface on land uses. We propose several corrective actions on the drainage net based on our analysis. This methodology can be applied to other wetland areas of similar characteristics. The advantage is the high spatial resolution which makes the methodology suitable for small sized wetlands.Pena-Regueiro, J.; Sebastiá-Frasquet, M.; Aguilar-Maldonado, JA.; Estornell Cremades, J.; Sanchís Blay, JA.; Morell-Monzó, S.; Altur Grau, VJ. (2020). Sentinel-2 analysis of flooded areas: applied case study "La Safor wetland, Spain". WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment (Online). 242:63-70. https://doi.org/10.2495/WP200061S637024

Survival and dispersal routes of head-started loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) post-hatchlings in the Mediterranean Sea

[EN] Several loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting events have been recorded along Spain's Mediterranean coast, outside its known nesting range, in recent years. In view of the possible expansion of its nesting range and considering the conservation status of this species, management measures like nest protection and head-start programs have been implemented. To study the dispersal behavior and survival of head-started loggerheads, 19 post-hatchlings from three nesting events were satellite tracked after their release in three consecutive years (2015-2017). This paper presents the first study of survival probabilities and dispersal movements of loggerhead post-hatchlings in the Mediterranean basin. Monitored post-hatchlings dispersed over large areas using variable routes, mainly off the continental shelf. Nonetheless, post-hatchlings dispersed to high-productivity warmer areas during the coldest months of monitoring. These areas might be optimum for their survival and development. We observed differences regarding dispersal orientation and routes among individuals, even from the same nest, release date, and location. Our survival models contributed to improving current survival estimates for sea turtle post-hatchlings. We observed a high probability of survival in head-started individuals during the first months after release, usually the most critical period after reintroduction. The data did not support an effect of habitat (neritic or oceanic) in survival, or an effect of the region (Balearic sea or Alboran sea) in survival probability. Differences in survival between nests were observed. These differences might be related to parasitic infections suffered during the head-starting period. This study shows that nest management measures may contribute to the conservation and range expansion of the loggerhead turtle population in the western Mediterranean.This satellite study was funded by Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Ministerio de Agricultura y Medio Ambiente (ref: 16MNSV006), Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (ref: CGL2011-30413), Fundacion CRAM, Fundacion Hombre y Territorio and Eduardo J. Belda. Corresponding author, S. Abalo, was supported by a Ph.D. grant (FPU) from Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte (Spain). J. Tomas is also supported by project Prometeo II (2015) of Generalitat Valenciana and project INDICIT of the European Commission, Environment Directorate-General. We are extremely thankful to the entities that have collaborated: we thank all professionals at the Oceanografic, especially at the ARCA Rehabilitation Center, for their many efforts and whole-hearted dedication to the best animal care. In particular, we are grateful to the Conselleria d'Agricultura, Medi Ambient, Canvi Climatic i Desenvolupament Rural of the Valencia Community Regional Government. We also thank the professionals at Centro de Recuperacion de Animales Marinos (CRAM) for their dedication and animal care. We are thankful to the Marine Zoology Unit of the University of Valencia, NGO Xaloc, EQUINAC, Aquarium of Sevilla, Donana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC) and to involved professionals at Consejeria de Medio Ambiente y Ordenacion del Territorio (CMAOT) of Junta de Andalucia, especially at the Andalusian Marine Environment Management Center (CEGMA) for their efforts with animal care, logistics for release events and necropsy of "Rabiosa". We are particularly grateful to the people who called 112 to report a nesting event and to the nest custody volunteers. Thanks are due to the staff of Parador de El Saler for volunteering logistical support. The authors wish to acknowledge the use of the Maptool program for analysis and graphics in this paper. Maptool is a product of SEATURTLE.ORG (Information is available at www.seaturtle.org). Also, we acknowledge the use of the Douglas Argos Filter (DAF) utility in Movebank (www.movebank.org) and especially David Douglas for his help and recommendations. Finally, we thank the reviewers for their reviewing efforts.Abalo-Morla, S.; Marco, A.; Tomás, J.; Revuelta, O.; Abella, E.; Marco, V.; Crespo-Picazo, J.... (2018). Survival and dispersal routes of head-started loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) post-hatchlings in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology. 165(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3306-2S1653Abella P, Marco A, Martins S, Hawkes LA (2016) Is this what a climate change-resilient population of marine turtles looks like? 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