CHRONEMIC ASPECTS OF CHAT, AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO TRUST IN A VIRTUAL TEAM

How does user personality impact pauses in online synchronous chat, and how do these pauses correlate with the development of trust in online teams? An analysis of hundreds of short chat sessions which took place between 62 pairs of participants in the DayTrader social dilemma game reveals a link between chronemic (time-related) variables and personality traits. The three chronemic variables that were analyzed, interpost pause, switching pause, and personal rhythm, were shorter in players who rated higher on extraversion, and longer in players who rated higher on agreeableness. The relationship between extraversion and shorter pauses is comparable to similar findings in spoken communication, while the relationship with agreeableness is novel. Furthermore, an analysis of the relationships between the three chronemic variables and the establishment of trust in the virtual teams confirms the hypothesis that longer pauses are associated with decreased trust. Three non mutually exclusive explanations are offered for this association: 1) longer pauses cause the decrease in trust; 2) longer pauses are the result of increased cognitive load associated with deception creation; and, 3) longer pauses are the result of increased efforts related to the suspicion that deception is taking place

Tweeting about sexism motivates further activism: A social identity perspective

Women, more so than men, are using social media activism to respond to sexism. However, when they do, they are also faced with gendered criticisms (\u27hashtag feminism\u27) that may instead serve to silence them. Based in social identity theory, this research examined how women\u27s social media activism, in response to sexism, may be a first step toward further activism. Two studies used a simulated Twitter paradigm to expose women to sexism and randomly assigned them to either tweet in response, or to a no-tweet control condition. Both studies found support for a serial mediation model such that tweeting after sexism strengthened social identity, which in turn increased collective action intentions, and in turn, behavioural collective actions. Study 2 further showed that validation from others increases the indirect effect of tweeting on behavioural collective action through collective action intentions, but group efficacy did not moderate any indirect effects. It was concluded that when social media activism in response to sexism promotes an enactment of women’s social identity, thereby mobilizing them to further action

<原著>ハサミで線や形を切る発達時期の調査

三原市内の保育園児と幼稚園児および小学生合計175名を対象に, ハサミで線や形を切る能力の発達について調査を行った。直線と折線および曲線が1mm幅の線の通りに切れるようになるのは6歳6カ月であった。しかし, 形を切る課題では線が1mm幅では7歳6カ月を超えてもまだ未達成であった。課題の線から左右に1mmの誤差範囲内すなわち3mm幅以内で切れるようになるのは, 四角は6歳6カ月であり, 三角と円は7歳6カ月であった。ハサミで線や形を切る発達は, 男児に比べて女児の方が早い傾向がみられた。The purpose of this study was to investigate when a child becomes able to cut line and form with scissors. The subjects of this study included 175 children who attend nursery school and primary school in Mihama City. We found that a 6-year 6 month old child could cut a straight line, a polygonal line and a curve. But a 7-year 6 month old child was unable to if the line was 1-aothick. If the thickness of the line was 3-ao a 6 year 6 month old child could cut and a triangle, and a 7-year 6 month old child could cut a circle. Girls tend to develop a little earlier than boys do.国立情報学研究所で電子

Exploring the alignment space – lexical and gestural alignment with real and virtual humans

Communication is characterized by speakers' dynamic adaptations and coordination of both linguistic and nonverbal behaviors. Understanding this phenomenon of alignment and its underlying mechanisms and processes in both human-human and human-computer interaction is of particular importance when building artificial interlocutors. In this paper we contribute to the exploration of the still fragmentary alignment space with two controlled experiments on lexical and gestural alignment. Our results show, on the one hand, that human interlocutors align their lexical choice and gesture handedness in similar ways when interacting with real versus virtual humans. On the other hand we found, however, also subtle differences. We discuss our findings in terms of a dynamic interplay of multiple components (automatic and strategic) and mechanisms (communicative and social) of alignment

Narcissism: a factor behind the selective sharing of news online

The current study examined the extent to which narcissism influences the social network users’ intention to share positive and negative life events with (close or unknown) online contacts. Using an online survey, small vignettes and a cross-sectional convenience sample of 119 participants, the results showed that narcissism positively predicted sharing intention of positive and negative life events with strangers. However, individuals rating higher in narcissism were less likely to share negative news with family. The research findings suggest that personality traits such as narcissism, the type of contacts online, and the nature of the news may shape what information is shared by online users. The type of news presented may therefore be a function of who is posting the content, their personality, and the kind of social network contacts they have online