Is it enough to be willing to win or do you have to be smart? The relationship between competitive worldviews, cognitive abilities, and applicant faking in personality tests

Recent research has highlighted competitive worldviews as a key predictor of faking—the intentional distortion of answers by candidates in the selection context. According to theoretical assumptions, applicants’ abilities, and especially their cognitive abilities, should influence whether faking motivation, triggered by competitive worldviews, can be turned into successful faking behavior. Therefore, we examined the influence of competitive worldviews on faking in personality tests and investigated a possible moderation of this relationship by cognitive abilities in three independent high school and university student samples (N1 = 133, N2 = 137, N3 = 268). Our data showed neither an influence of the two variables nor of their interaction on faking behavior. We discuss possible reasons for these findings and give suggestions for further research

Policies to Enhance Prescribing Efficiency in Europe: Findings and Future Implications

Introduction: European countries need to learn from each other to address unsustainable increases in pharmaceutical expenditures. Objective: To assess the influence of the many supply and demand-side initiatives introduced across Europe to enhance prescribing efficiency in ambulatory care. As a result provide future guidance to countries. Methods: Cross national retrospective observational study of utilization (DDDs – defined daily doses) and expenditure (Euros and local currency) of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and statins among 19 European countries and regions principally from 2001 to 2007. Demand-side measures categorized under the “4Es” – education engineering, economics, and enforcement. Results: Instigating supply side initiatives to lower the price of generics combined with demand-side measures to enhance their prescribing is important to maximize prescribing efficiency. Just addressing one component will limit potential efficiency gains. The influence of demand-side reforms appears additive, with multiple initiatives typically having a greater influence on increasing prescribing efficiency than single measures apart from potentially “enforcement.” There are also appreciable differences in expenditure (€/1000 inhabitants/year) between countries. Countries that have not introduced multiple demand side measures to counteract commercial pressures to enhance the prescribing of generics have seen considerably higher expenditures than those that have instigated a range of measures. Conclusions: There are considerable opportunities for European countries to enhance their prescribing efficiency, with countries already learning from each other. The 4E methodology allows European countries to concisely capture the range of current demand-side measures and plan for the future knowing that initiatives can be additive to further enhance their prescribing efficiency

The Communication Relationship Between the Scientific Community at the Industrial Ecology Program and Society

This thesis maps the communication of environmental science at the program of Industrial Ecology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and in the Norwegian society, with the intention to come up with suggestions for an improved dissemination practice. To understand how science dissemination affects social perception of environmental issues, I investigated used channels for communication and experienced barriers with information. This was explored through descriptive statistics from two surveys created in relation to my project thesis in the fall of 2015. In addition, a hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the ability channels and experienced barriers had in predicting environmental literacy. My results indicate that the channels through which environmental science is disseminated do not conform to the channels used by society for information acquisition. While scientists mainly conduct research oriented dissemination through channels such as journal articles and conferences, society uses traditional media to consume environmental information. This communication gap affects the development of environmental literacy in the public. Although society s most used channels did not yield significant results on environmental literacy, popular science media did. In addition, experienced issues with opinionated science turned out to significantly affect environmental literacy. I suggest that the program of Industrial Ecology should take more use of traditional media (regular and online) and further explore the internet in their dissemination work. In addition, the scientists should undergo formal education to make sure they possess the right skillset for communication with a lay audience, as well as making their research easier and more entertaining to consume. I further suggest that the university implements better recognition for science dissemination, and facilitates this practice

Richard Cobden : notes sur ses voyages, correspondances et souvenirs

Copia digital. España : Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria., 202

Parental burnout across the globe during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all societies worldwide. The heightened levels of stress that accompanied the crisis were also expected to affect parenting in many families. Since it is known that high levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to a condition that has severe consequences for health and well-being, we examined whether the prevalence of parental burnout in 26 countries (9,923 parents; 75% mothers; mean age 40) increased during COVID-19 compared to few years before the pandemic. In most (but not all) countries, analyses showed a significant increase in the prevalence of parental burnout during the pandemic. The results further revealed that next to governmental measures (e.g., number of days locked down, homeschooling) and factors at the individual and family level (e.g., gender, number of children), parents in less (vs. more) indulgent countries suffered more from parental burnout. The findings suggest that stricter norms regarding their parenting roles and duties in general and during the pandemic in particular might have increased their levels of parental burnout

Ras pathway mutations are prevalent in relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and confer sensitivity to MEK inhibition

For most children who relapse with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, the prognosis is poor and there is a need for novel therapies to improve outcome. We screened samples from children with B lineage ALL entered into the ALL-REZ BFM 2002 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00114348) for somatic mutations activating the Ras pathway (KRAS, NRAS, FLT3 and PTPN11) and showed mutation to be highly prevalent (76 from 206). Clinically, they were associated with high risk features including early relapse, CNS involvement and specifically for NRAS/KRAS mutations, chemoresistance. KRAS mutations were associated with a reduced overall survival. Mutation screening of the matched diagnostic samples found many to be wildtype but using more sensitive allelic specific assays, low level mutated subpopulations were found in many cases, suggesting that they survived up front therapy and subsequently emerged at relapse. Preclinical evaluation of the MEK1/2 inhibitor, selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) showed significant differential sensitivity in Ras pathway mutated ALL compared to wild type cells both in vitro and in a orthotopic xenograft model engrafted with primary ALL and in the latter, reduced RAS mutated CNS leukaemia. Given these data, clinical evaluation of selumetinib may be warranted for Ras pathway mutated relapsed ALL

Labitolosa (La puebla de Castro, province de Huesca, Espagne). Une cité romaine de l’Hispanie citérieure

International audienc

Labitolosa (La puebla de Castro, province de Huesca, Espagne). Une cité romaine de l’Hispanie citérieure

International audienc