542 research outputs found
Effect of spatial distribution of daily rainfall on interior catchment response of a distributed hydrological model
International audienceWe investigate the effect of spatial variability of daily rainfall on soil moisture, groundwater level and discharge using a physically-based, fully-distributed hydrological model. This model is currently in use with the district water board and is considered to represent reality. We focus on the effect of rainfall spatial variability on day-to-day variability of the interior catchment response, as well as on its effect on the general hydrological behaviour of the catchment. The study is performed in a flat rural catchment (135 km2) in the Netherlands, where the climate is semi-humid (average precipitation 800 mm/year, evapotranspiration 550 mm/year) and rainfall is predominantly stratiform (i.e. large scale). Both range-corrected radar data (resolution 2.5Ă—2.5 km2) as well as data from a dense network of 30 raingauges are used, observed for the period March?October 2004. Eight different rainfall scenarios, either spatially distributed or spatially uniform, are used as input for the hydrological model. The main conclusions from this study are: (i) using a single raingauge as rainfall input carries a great risk for the prediction of discharge, groundwater level and soil moisture, especially if the raingauge is situated outside the catchment; (ii) taking into account the spatial variability of rainfall instead of using areal average rainfall as input for the model is needed to get insight into the day-to-day spatial variability of discharge, groundwater level and soil moisture content; (iii) to get insight into the general behaviour of the hydrological system it is sufficient to use correct predictions of areal average rainfall over the catchment
The BeppoSAX WFC X-ray source catalogue
We present the catalogue of X-ray sources detected by the two Wide Field
Cameras (WFCs) in complete observations on board BeppoSAX during its 6 years of
operational lifetime, between April 1996 and April 2002. The BeppoSAX WFCs were
coded mask instruments sensitive in the 2-28 keV energy band with a 40x40
square degree fields of view, pointing in opposite directions and
perpendicularly to the BeppoSAX Narrow Field Instruments (NFI). The WFCs were
usually operated simultaneously to NFI observations, each lasting up to several
days. WFCs observed thus the entire sky several times with a typical
sensitivity of 2 to 10 mCrab. A systematic analysis of all WFC observations in
the BeppoSAX archive has been carried out using the latest post-mission release
of the WFC analysis software and calibrations. The catalogue includes 253
distinct sources, obtained from a total sample of 8253 WFC detections. We
describe the basic statistical properties of the sample and present a six-year
history of two celestial calibration X-ray sources.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, Catalogue, Accepted for publication on A&
Komt een fraude-opsporingssysteem bij de rechter
NWO406.18.550)The Legitimacy and Effectiveness of Law & Governance in a World of Multilevel Jurisdiction
Local field effects on the radiative lifetimes of Ce in different hosts
For emitters embedded in media of various refractive indices, different
theoretical models predicted substantially different dependencies of the
spontaneous emission lifetime on refractive index. It has been claimed that
various measurements on radiative transition of Eu in hosts
with variable refractive index appear to favor the real-cavity model [J.
Fluoresc. 13, 201 (2003) and references therein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 203903
(2003)]. We notice that radiative transition of rare-earth ions,
dominated by allowed electric-dipole transitions with line strengths less
perturbed by the ligands, serves as a better test of different models. We
analyze the lifetimes of transition of Ce in hosts of
refractive indices varying from 1.4 to 2.2. The results favor the macroscopic
virtual-cavity model based on Lorentz local field [J. Fluoresc. 13, 201
(2003)].Comment: 9pages, 1 figures, presented on AMN-2 and to appear on Current
Applied Physic
Theoretical study of dark resonances in micro-metric thin cells
We investigate theoretically dark resonance spectroscopy for a dilute atomic
vapor confined in a thin (micro-metric) cell. We identify the physical
parameters characterizing the spectra and study their influence. We focus on a
Hanle-type situation, with an optical irradiation under normal incidence and
resonant with the atomic transition. The dark resonance spectrum is predicted
to combine broad wings with a sharp maximum at line-center, that can be singled
out when detecting a derivative of the dark resonance spectrum. This narrow
signal derivative, shown to broaden only sub-linearly with the cell length, is
a signature of the contribution of atoms slow enough to fly between the cell
windows in a time as long as the characteristic ground state optical pumping
time. We suggest that this dark resonance spectroscopy in micro-metric thin
cells could be a suitable tool for probing the effective velocity distribution
in the thin cell arising from the atomic desorption processes, and notably to
identify the limiting factors affecting desorption under a grazing incidence.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures theoretical articl
Analyzing sensory data using non-linear preference learning with feature subset selection
15th European Conference on Machine Learning, Pisa, Italy, September 20-24, 2004The quality of food can be assessed from different points of view. In this paper, we deal with those aspects that can be appreciated through sensory impressions. When we are aiming to induce a function that maps object descriptions into ratings, we must consider that consumers’ ratings are just a way to express their preferences about the products presented in the same testing session. Therefore, we postulate to learn from consumers’ preference judgments instead of using an approach based on regression. This requires the use of special purpose kernels and feature subset selection methods. We illustrate the benefits of our approach in two families of real-world data base
Mesoscopic Cooperative Emission From a Disordered System
We study theoretically the cooperative light emission from a system of classical oscillators confined within a volume with spatial scale, , much
smaller than the radiation wavelength, . We assume
that the oscillators frequencies are randomly distributed around a central
frequency, , with some characteristic width, . In
the absence of disorder, that is , the cooperative emission spectrum
is composed of a narrow subradiant peak superimposed on a wide superradiant
band. When , we demonstrate that if is large enough, the
subradiant peak is not simply broadened by the disorder but rather splits into
a system of random narrow peaks. We estimate the spectral width of these peaks
as a function of , and . We also estimate the
amplitude of this mesoscopic structure in the emission spectrum.Comment: 25 pages including 6 figure
Photon Localization in Resonant Media
We report measurements of microwave transmission over the first five Mie
resonances of alumina spheres randomly positioned in a waveguide. Though
precipitous drops in transmission and sharp peaks in the photon transit time
are found near all resonances, measurements of transmission fluctuations show
that localization occurs only in a narrow frequency window above the first
resonance. There the drop in the photon density of states is found to be more
pronounced than the fall in the photon transit time, leading to a minimum in
the Thouless number.Comment: To appear in PRL; 5 pages, including 5 figure
WITCH: a recoil spectrometer for weak interaction and nuclear physics studies
An experimental set-up is described for the precise measurement of the recoil energy spectrum of the daughter ions from nuclear beta decay. The experiment is called WITCH, short for Weak Interaction Trap for CHarged particles, and is set up at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. The principle of the experiment and its realization are explained as well as the main physics goal. A cloud of radioactive ions stored in a Penning trap serves as the source for the WITCH experiment, leading to the minimization of scattering and energy loss of the decay products. The energy spectrum of the recoiling daughter ions from the --decays in this ion cloud will be measured with a retardation spectrometer. The principal aim of the WITCH experiment is to study the electroweak interaction by determining the beta--neutrino angular correlation in nuclear --decay from the shape of this recoil energy spectrum. This will be the first time that the recoil energy spectrum of the daughter ions from --decay can be measured for a wide variety of isotopes, independent of their specific properties
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