Aprendendo a ser menina: a publicidade como parte do processo de construção da identidade de gênero

O presente trabalho busca analisar como as representações de gênero na publicidade voltada para o público infantil são elementos institucionalizados e que contribuem e negociam nas construções da identidade de gênero das meninas. Primeiramente são apresentados conceitos sobre a infância e sua relação com gênero e consumo, a partir de autores como Buckingham (2007), Del Priore (2006) e Louro (2014). Após, é abordada a questão das representações na publicidade, assim como a publicidade como um mecanismo de pedagogia cultural, participando, dessa forma, da construção da identidade de gênero dos sujeitos. O tópico é abordado através de conceitos de Gastaldo (2013), Rocha (2011) e Sabat (2013). O corpus do trabalho é composto por quatro vídeos publicitários que anunciam bonecas, todos da marca Estrela. A Análise de Conteúdo foi escolhida como procedimento metodológico, possibilitando um tratamento mais profundo do corpus a partir de categorias definidas com base no referencial teórico do trabalho e do próprio objeto empírico. As conclusões alcançadas demonstram como as representações de gênero na publicidade infantil analisada seguem modelos hegemônicos, assim como também são tensionados elementos desconstrucionistas, colaborando com a construção das identidades de gênero nas meninas.The present work seeks to analyze how gender representations in advertising aimed at the children’s audience are institutionalized elements and that they contribute and negotiate in the constructions of the gender identity of the girls. First, concepts about childhood and its relationship with gender and consumption are presented, from authors such as Buckingham (2007), Del Priore (2006) and Louro (2014). Afterwards, the issue of representations in advertising as well as advertising as a mechanism of cultural pedagogy is approached, thus participating in the construction of the subjects' gender identity. The topic is approached through the concepts of Gastaldo (2013), Rocha (2011) and Sabat (2013) The corpus of the work is composed of four advertising videos that announce dolls, all of them from brand Estrela. The Content Analysis was chosen as methodological procedure, allowing a deeper treatment of the corpus from categories defined based on the theoretical framework of the work and the empirical object itself. The conclusions reached demonstrate how gender representations in children's advertising analyzed follow hegemonic models, as well as deconstructionist elements, which contribute to the construction of gender identities in girls

Cross-cultural variation in experiences of acceptance, camouflaging and mental health difficulties in autism:A registered report

Recent findings suggest that stigma and camouflaging contribute to mental health difficulties for autistic individuals, however, this evidence is largely based on UK samples. While studies have shown cross-cultural differences in levels of autism-related stigma, it is unclear whether camouflaging and mental health difficulties vary across cultures. Hence, the current study had two aims: (1) to determine whether significant relationships between autism acceptance, camouflaging, and mental health difficulties replicate in a cross-cultural sample of autistic adults, and (2) to compare these variables across cultures. To fulfil these aims, 306 autistic adults from eight countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States) completed a series of online questionnaires. We found that external acceptance and personal acceptance were associated with lower levels of depression but not camouflaging or stress. Higher camouflaging was associated with elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Significant differences were found across countries in external acceptance, personal acceptance, depression, anxiety, and stress, even after controlling for relevant covariates. Levels of camouflaging also differed across countries however this effect became non-significant after controlling for the covariates. These findings have significant implications, identifying priority regions for anti-stigma interventions, and highlighting countries where greater support for mental health difficulties is needed

EZH2 inactivation in RAS-driven myeloid neoplasms hyperactivates RAS-signaling and increases MEK inhibitor sensitivity.

Funder: MUG (within the PhD program Molecular Medicine)Funder: Austrian Society of Internal Medicine (Joseph-Skoda Award), Austrian Science Fund (grant P32783), Austrian Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (Clinical Research Grant) and MEFOgrazFunder: Austrian Science Fund (grant P 31430-458 B26) and Leukämiehilfe SteiermarkFunder: Austrian Society of Internal Medicine (Joseph-Skoda Award)and Leukämiehilfe Steiermar

Latent class analysis reveals clinically relevant atopy phenotypes in 2 birth cohorts

Background: Phenotypes of childhood-onset asthma are characterized by distinct trajectories and functional features. For atopy, definition of phenotypes during childhood is less clear. Objective: We sought to define phenotypes of atopic sensitization over the first 6 years of life using a latent class analysis (LCA) integrating 3 dimensions of atopy: allergen specificity, time course, and levels of specific IgE (sIgE). Methods: Phenotypes were defined by means of LCA in 680 children of the Multizentrische Allergiestudie (MAS) and 766 children of the Protection against allergy: Study in Rural Environments (PASTURE) birth cohorts and compared with classical nondisjunctive definitions of seasonal, perennial, and food sensitization with respect to atopic diseases and lung function. Cytokine levels were measured in the PASTURE cohort. Results: The LCA classified predominantly by type and multiplicity of sensitization (food vs inhalant), allergen combinations, and sIgE levels. Latent classes were related to atopic disease manifestations with higher sensitivity and specificity than the classical definitions. LCA detected consistently in both cohorts a distinct group of children with severe atopy characterized by high seasonal sIgE levels and a strong propensity for asthma; hay fever; eczema; and impaired lung function, also in children without an established asthma diagnosis. Severe atopy was associated with an increased IL-5/IFN-gamma ratio. A path analysis among sensitized children revealed that among all features of severe atopy, only excessive sIgE production early in life affected asthma risk. Conclusions: LCA revealed a set of benign, symptomatic, and severe atopy phenotypes. The severe phenotype emerged as a latent condition with signs of a dysbalanced immune response. It determined high asthma risk through excessive sIgE production and directly affected impaired lung function.Peer reviewe

Aprendendo a ser menina: a publicidade como parte do processo de construção da identidade de gênero

O presente trabalho busca analisar como as representações de gênero na publicidade voltada para o público infantil são elementos institucionalizados e que contribuem e negociam nas construções da identidade de gênero das meninas. Primeiramente são apresentados conceitos sobre a infância e sua relação com gênero e consumo, a partir de autores como Buckingham (2007), Del Priore (2006) e Louro (2014). Após, é abordada a questão das representações na publicidade, assim como a publicidade como um mecanismo de pedagogia cultural, participando, dessa forma, da construção da identidade de gênero dos sujeitos. O tópico é abordado através de conceitos de Gastaldo (2013), Rocha (2011) e Sabat (2013). O corpus do trabalho é composto por quatro vídeos publicitários que anunciam bonecas, todos da marca Estrela. A Análise de Conteúdo foi escolhida como procedimento metodológico, possibilitando um tratamento mais profundo do corpus a partir de categorias definidas com base no referencial teórico do trabalho e do próprio objeto empírico. As conclusões alcançadas demonstram como as representações de gênero na publicidade infantil analisada seguem modelos hegemônicos, assim como também são tensionados elementos desconstrucionistas, colaborando com a construção das identidades de gênero nas meninas.The present work seeks to analyze how gender representations in advertising aimed at the children’s audience are institutionalized elements and that they contribute and negotiate in the constructions of the gender identity of the girls. First, concepts about childhood and its relationship with gender and consumption are presented, from authors such as Buckingham (2007), Del Priore (2006) and Louro (2014). Afterwards, the issue of representations in advertising as well as advertising as a mechanism of cultural pedagogy is approached, thus participating in the construction of the subjects' gender identity. The topic is approached through the concepts of Gastaldo (2013), Rocha (2011) and Sabat (2013) The corpus of the work is composed of four advertising videos that announce dolls, all of them from brand Estrela. The Content Analysis was chosen as methodological procedure, allowing a deeper treatment of the corpus from categories defined based on the theoretical framework of the work and the empirical object itself. The conclusions reached demonstrate how gender representations in children's advertising analyzed follow hegemonic models, as well as deconstructionist elements, which contribute to the construction of gender identities in girls

The relationship between social cognition, bodily movement and dopamine

A wide range of clinical conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease or schizophrenia (amongst others), show co-occurring socio-cognitive and motor symptoms. In addition, all of these populations have been associated with a dopamine-system dysfunction. However, it is currently unclear whether co-occurring symptoms across socio-cognitive and motor domains in these populations relate to the same underlying mechanism (e.g., dysfunctional dopamine signaling) or originate from distinct root causes that lead to seemingly related symptoms. Across four empirical chapters, this thesis explores the link between motor- and social-cognitive function in healthy individuals and in pharmacological models of neuropathology. The first chapter provides a general introduction into the existing literature on the relationship between social and motor function in healthy and clinical populations. The second chapter addresses the relationship between motor function and mental state attribution. Because existing tasks for the assessment of mental state attribution do not allow the comparison of stimulus and participant movements, first the development of an adaptation of a classic mentalizing task, which is suitable to track both observer and animator kinematics, is outlined. The chapter then explores the role of stimulus kinematics and observer-animator kinematic similarity, alongside other important stimulus characteristics, in successful mental state attribution in this task in healthy adults. The third chapter examines potential contributions of atypical dopamine signaling to mental state attribution differences in clinical disorders by pharmacological dopamine depletion in healthy adults. Furthermore, this chapter discusses why dopamine imbalances may impact mental state attribution independently of motor function. The fourth chapter gives insights into the route via which dopaminergic dysfunctions may affect emotion recognition in conditions like Parkinson’s disease by pharmacological manipulation of dopamine in healthy participants. Independent effects of dopamine depletion on locomotion and emotion recognition from PLW stimuli, as well as correlations between these effects are discussed. Chapter five comprises a series of studies which explore the contributions of one’s own gait kinematics to emotion recognition from others’ gait, using smartphone accelerometers to measure participants’ gait kinematics and point-light-walker (PLW) stimuli to assess individuals’ emotion perception from whole-body motion information. The chapter further addresses a current shortcoming of the existing literature, which is the lack of knowledge about expression and perception of genuinely felt (as opposed to acted) whole-body motion. The last chapter integrates all findings presented in this thesis with a specific focus on the role of dopamine as a potential mediator in the relationship between motor function and social cognition. Finally, implications for disorders with dopamine dysfunctions and future research are discussed

Dopaminergic challenge dissociates learning from primary versus secondary sources of information

Some theories of human cultural evolution posit that humans have social-specific learning mechanisms that are adaptive specialisations moulded by natural selection to cope with the pressures of group living. However, the existence of neurochemical pathways that are specialised for learning from social information and individual experience is widely debated. Cognitive neuroscientific studies present mixed evidence for social-specific learning mechanisms: some studies find dissociable neural correlates for social and individual learning, whereas others find the same brain areas and, dopamine-mediated, computations involved in both. Here, we demonstrate that, like individual learning, social learning is modulated by the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol when social information is the primary learning source, but not when it comprises a secondary, additional element. Two groups (total N = 43) completed a decision-making task which required primary learning, from own experience, and secondary learning from an additional source. For one group, the primary source was social, and secondary was individual; for the other group this was reversed. Haloperidol affected primary learning irrespective of social/individual nature, with no effect on learning from the secondary source. Thus, we illustrate that dopaminergic mechanisms underpinning learning can be dissociated along a primary-secondary but not a social-individual axis. These results resolve conflict in the literature and support an expanding field showing that, rather than being specialised for particular inputs, neurochemical pathways in the human brain can process both social and non-social cues and arbitrate between the two depending upon which cue is primarily relevant for the task at hand