Arizona land use experiment

Utilization of new sources of statewide remote sensing data, taken from high-altitude aircraft and from spacecraft is discussed along with incorporation of information extracted from these sources into on-going land and resources management programs in Arizona. Statewide cartographic applications of remote sensor data taken by NASA high-altitude aircraft include the development of a statewide semi-analytic control network, the production of nearly 1900 orthophotoquads (image maps) that are coincident in scale and area with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7. 5 minute topographic quadrangle map series, and satellite image maps of Arizona produced from LANDSAt multispectral scanner imagery. These cartographic products are utilized for a wide variety of experimental and operational earth resources applications. Applications of the imagery, image maps, and derived information discussed include: soils and geologic mapping projects, water resources investigations, land use inventories, environmental impact studies, highway route locations and mapping, vegetation cover mapping, wildlife habitat studies, power plant siting studies, statewide delineation of irrigation cropland, position determination of drilling sites, pictorial geographic bases for thematic mapping, and court exhibits

Stacking-based visualization of trajectory attribute data

Visualizing trajectory attribute data is challenging because it involves showing the trajectories in their spatio-temporal context as well as the attribute values associated with the individual points of trajectories. Previous work on trajectory visualization addresses selected aspects of this problem, but not all of them. We present a novel approach to visualizing trajectory attribute data. Our solution covers space, time, and attribute values. Based on an analysis of relevant visualization tasks, we designed the visualization solution around the principle of stacking trajectory bands. The core of our approach is a hybrid 2D/3D display. A 2D map serves as a reference for the spatial context, and the trajectories are visualized as stacked 3D trajectory bands along which attribute values are encoded by color. Time is integrated through appropriate ordering of bands and through a dynamic query mechanism that feeds temporally aggregated information to a circular time display. An additional 2D time graph shows temporal information in full detail by stacking 2D trajectory bands. Our solution is equipped with analytical and interactive mechanisms for selecting and ordering of trajectories, and adjusting the color mapping, as well as coordinated highlighting and dedicated 3D navigation. We demonstrate the usefulness of our novel visualization by three examples related to radiation surveillance, traffic analysis, and maritime navigation. User feedback obtained in a small experiment indicates that our hybrid 2D/3D solution can be operated quite well

Comparison of different approaches to quantify the reliability of hydrological simulations

The focus of this study was to compare different uncertainty estimation approaches to evaluate their ability to predict the total amount of uncertainty in hydrological model predictions. Three different approaches have been compared. Two of them were based on Monte-Carlo sampling and the third approach was based on fitting a probability model to the error series of an optimized simulation. These approaches have been applied to a lumped and a semi-distributed model variant, to investigate the effects of changes in the model structure on the uncertainty assessment. The probability model was not able to predict the total amount of uncertainty when compared with the Monte-Carlo based approaches. The uncertainty related to the simulation of flood events was systematically underestimated

Earned Value Management (EVM) System Description

The purpose of this Earned Value Management (EVM) System Description is to provide guidance in NASAs Earned Value Management Capability for the effective application, implementation, and utilization of EVM on NASA programs, projects, major contracts and subcontracts. EVM is a project management process that effectively integrates a projects scope of work with schedule and cost elements for optimum project planning and control. The goal is to achieve timely and accurate quantification of progress that will facilitate management by exception and enable early visibility into the nature and the magnitude of technical problems as well as the intended course and success of corrective actions. This system description contains detailed information on implementation of EVM processes, procedures, roles and responsibilities

Chaotic Quantum Decay in Driven Biased Optical Lattices

Quantum decay in an ac driven biased periodic potential modeling cold atoms in optical lattices is studied for a symmetry broken driving. For the case of fully chaotic classical dynamics the classical exponential decay is quantum mechanically suppressed for a driving frequency \omega in resonance with the Bloch frequency \omega_B, q\omega=r\omega_B with integers q and r. Asymptotically an algebraic decay ~t^{-\gamma} is observed. For r=1 the exponent \gamma agrees with $q$ as predicted by non-Hermitian random matrix theory for q decay channels. The time dependence of the survival probability can be well described by random matrix theory. The frequency dependence of the survival probability shows pronounced resonance peaks with sub-Fourier character.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

A Large Effective Phonon Magnetic Moment in a Dirac Semimetal

We investigated the magnetoterahertz response of the Dirac semimetal Cd$_3$As$_2$ and observed a particularly low frequency optical phonon, as well as a very prominent and field sensitive cyclotron resonance. As the cyclotron frequency is tuned with field to pass through the phonon, the phonon become circularly polarized as shown by a notable splitting in their response to right- and left-hand polarized light. This splitting can be expressed as an effective phonon magnetic moment that is approximately 2.7 times the Bohr magneton, which is almost four orders of magnitude larger than ab initio calculations predict for phonon magnetic moments in nonmagnetic insulators. This exceedingly large value is due to the coupling of the phonons to the cyclotron motion and is controlled directly by the electron-phonon coupling constant. This field tunable circular-polarization selective coupling provides new functionality for nonlinear optics to create light-induced topological phases in Dirac semimetals.Comment: 15 pages for main text and SI; To appear in Nano Letters (2020

Fragmentable Heterogeneous Cocatalysts for the Metallocene-Catalyzed Polymerization of Olefins, I. Surface Modification of Silica and Characterization of the Resulting Carriers

Surface modification of pre-dried spherical silica nano-particles with diameters of 235 nm and 10 to 20 nm and of commercially available non-spherical silica materials using various aminoalkyltrialkoxysilanes and α-ω-bis(alkoxysilyl)organyls (organyl = alkanediyl, aminoalkanediyl, polyether, polysiloxane) has been performed in suspension in solvents with water. The quantity of water has a dominating influence, as compared to the amounts and the ratios of silanes employed, on the surface morphology of the modified silicas. The morphologies observed range from weakly linked aggregates of spherical particles to large agglomerates covered by thick irregular layers of organopolysiloxane, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. These carriers can be modified further with organoaluminium compounds to yield heterogeneous cocatalysts for the polymerization of ethylene.BMBF, 03C0295, Verbundprojekt: Heterogene und homogene Cokatalysatoren und Katalysatoren für die OlefinpolymerisationDFG, GRK 352, Synthetische, mechanistische und reaktionstechnische Aspekte von Metallkatalysatore

Electron pair emission from surfaces: some general experimental considerations

We discuss some experimental facets of electron pair emission from surfaces using two different experimental approaches. In the first case the instrument consists of a pair of hemispherical analyzers which are operated with continuous primary beams of electrons or photons. The second instrument employs a pair of time-of-flight spectrometers which require a pulsed excitation source. A key experimental quantity is the ratio of ‘true’ to ‘random’ coincidences which can be determined in different ways. Regardless of the type of instrument the primary flux has to adopt a much smaller value than in single electron spectroscopy. We describe different approaches to obtain the relevant count rates, in particular the concept of operating with a delayed coincidence circuit. We also address the question on how to compare the two types of spectrometer in terms of their performance

“Am I not human?”: Reasserting humanness in response to group-based dehumanization

Research on group dehumanization has focused largely on the perpetrators of dehumanization or on its negative emotional and cognitive effects on targets. We theorized that people would also reassert their humanness in response to dehumanizing portrayals of their group. Experiment 1 showed that Black individuals responded to a dehumanizing representation of their racial group by emphasizing their experience of more complex, uniquely human emotions versus emotions more associated with other animals. Experiment 2 and a supplemental experiment showed that Black, but not White, individuals responded to group-based dehumanization by depicting more complex self-portrayals. Taken together, these studies begin to illustrate that targets of group-based dehumanization are not simply passive victims but respond actively, resisting negative representations of their group by reasserting their humanness