Perspectivas de avaliação em contextos curriculares

Educational issues in nations throughout the world center on teacher and student evaluation, leading to much consternation. The root of debate stretches to curriculum questions that directly address matters of worth or value. Examining evaluation of education at any level through curricular lenses increases its complexity. First, complexity is approached by focusing on three broad categories that can be framed as questions: What are value considerations in foundations of curriculum? What is worthwhile for subsequent generations? How should we evaluate extant impacts of curricular venues? Second, perspectives on the complexity of evaluation based in curriculum studies are advanced through responses from five orientations to curriculum: Intellectual Traditionalist, Social Behaviorist, Experientialist, Critical Reconstructionist, and Postmodern Global Anti-Imperialist. Each offers a perspective worth considering by those who wish to improve curriculum and its evaluation.En todas las naciones del mundo los principales temas a discusión se centran en la evaluación de maestros y estudiantes, causando mucha consternación. La raíz del debate alcanza cuestiones curriculares que convocan directamente temas de valoración; examinar la evaluación educativa de cualquier nivel a través de lentes curriculares incrementa la complejidad. En primer término, la complejidad se trata centrándonos en tres grandes categorías que pueden formularse como preguntas: ¿Cuáles son las consideraciones valorativas en los fundamentos del curriculum? ¿Qué es valioso para las próximas generaciones? ¿Cómo podemos evaluar los impactos de los procesos y espacios curriculares? En segundo, las perspectivas sobre la complejidad de la evaluación basada en estudios curriculares se analizan mediante respuestas que ofrecen cinco orientaciones curriculares: la intelectual tradicionalista, la conductista social, la experiencialista, la reconstruccionista crítica y la posmoderna global. Cada una ofrece una perspectiva que merece ser considerada por quienes desean mejorar el curriculum y su evaluación.Em todas as nações do mundo, os principais tópicos de discussão são focados na avaliação de professores e alunos, causando muita consternação. A raiz do debate atinge questões curriculares que convocam diretamente questões de avaliação; Examinar a avaliação educacional em qualquer nível através de lentes curriculares aumenta a complexidade. Em primeiro lugar, a complexidade é tratada enfocando três categorias principais que podem ser formuladas como perguntas: Quais são as considerações avaliativas nos fundamentos do currículo? O que é valioso para as próximas gerações? Como podemos avaliar os impactos de processos e espaços curriculares? Em segundo lugar, as perspectivas sobre a complexidade da avaliação baseada em estudos curriculares são analisadas através de respostas que oferecem cinco orientações curriculares: o intelectual tradicionalista, o social behaviorista, o experiencialista, o crítico reconstrucionista e o global pós-moderno. Cada um oferece uma perspectiva que merece ser considerada por aqueles que desejam melhorar o currículo e sua avaliação

The Foundational Character of Curriculum Inquiry

What knowledge is of most worth

An electron energy loss and ultraviolet photoemission study of VN[subscript]x, NbN[subscript]x and ZrN[subscript]x

The techniques of reflection electron energy loss (ELS) and angle-integrated ultraviolet photoemission (UPS) spectroscopies have been used to study the electronic structure and the collective electron behavior of the superconducting transition metal nitrides VN(,x), NbN(,x), and ZrN(,x). When possible, samples have been fabricated within the ultrahigh vacuum surface analysis chamber to insure the highest possible surface cleanliness. Some samples have also been fabricated externally. All samples were further characterized through Auger analysis (in situ), x-ray diffraction, and superconducting transition temperature measurements. ELS was used to study the collective electron (plasmon) and single electron (interband) excitations. UPS was used to probe the occupied valence band density of states. The experimental techniques and underlying theories are discussed. Results are presented and discussed for both the nitrides and the parent transition metals

Off-shell Currents and Color-Kinematics Duality

We elaborate on the color-kinematics duality for off-shell diagrams in gauge theories coupled to matter, by investigating the scattering process $gg\to ss, q\bar q, gg$, and show that the Jacobi relations for the kinematic numerators of off-shell diagrams, built with Feynman rules in axial gauge, reduce to a color-kinematics violating term due to the contributions of sub-graphs only. Such anomaly vanishes when the four particles connected by the Jacobi relation are on their mass shell with vanishing squared momenta, being either external or cut particles, where the validity of the color-kinematics duality is recovered. We discuss the role of the off-shell decomposition in the direct construction of higher-multiplicity numerators satisfying color-kinematics identity in four as well as in $d$ dimensions, for the latter employing the Four Dimensional Formalism variant of the Four Dimensional Helicity scheme. We provide explicit examples for the QCD process $gg\to q\bar{q}g$.Comment: Accepted version for publication in PLB. Manuscript extended: 19 pages, 15 figures; C/K duality for tree-level amplitudes in dimensional regularization added; references added; title modifie

Teacher education as theory development

It is the theory within each teacher that must become the central subject matter for teacher education

An Extended Framework for Comparing Expectations and Realized Benefits of Enterprise Systems Implementations

Realizing business value and identifying the benefits arising from implementations of enterprise systems remains a significant challenge for both research and practice. A review of existing work on enterprise systems benefits reveals that current frameworks pay limited attention to contextual and temporal variations, socio-technical and business change, and levels of benefit realization. This research study investigates the complex mix of expected and realized benefits specifically arising from ERP systems. The aim is to address the limitations of current frameworks and extend theoretical understandings to provide a richer picture of ERP benefits and their contextual variation. Drawing on data gathered from more than 60 case study organizations of differing size, maturity and industry sector the study adopts an iterative content analysis to empirically derive a comprehensive benefits framework. The extended classification and the methodology used to construct it are presented and discussed along with their implications for future research and practice

Minimal breast milk transfer of rituximab, a monoclonal antibody used in neurological conditions.

ObjectiveTo determine the transfer of rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody widely used for neurologic conditions, into mature breast milk.MethodsBreast milk samples were collected from 9 women with MS who received rituximab 500 or 1,000 mg intravenous once or twice while breastfeeding from November 2017 to April 2019. Serial breast milk samples were collected before infusion and at 8 hours, 24 hours, 7 days, and 18-21 days after rituximab infusion in 4 patients. Five additional patients provided 1-2 samples at various times after rituximab infusion.ResultsThe median average rituximab concentration in mature breast milk was low at 0.063 μg/mL (range 0.046-0.097) in the 4 patients with serial breast milk collection, with an estimated median absolute infant dose of 0.0094 mg/kg/d and a relative infant dose (RID) of 0.08% (range 0.06%-0.10%). Most patients had a maximum concentration at 1-7 days after infusion. The maximum concentration occurred in a woman with a single breast milk sample and was 0.29 μg/mL at 11 days postinfusion, which corresponds with an estimated RID of 0.33%. Rituximab concentration in milk was virtually undetectable by 90 days postinfusion.ConclusionsWe determined minimal transfer of rituximab into mature breast milk. The RID for rituximab was less than 0.4% and well below theoretically acceptable levels of less than 10%. Low oral bioavailability would probably also limit the absorption of rituximab by the newborn. In women with serious autoimmune neurologic conditions, monoclonal antibody therapy may afford an acceptable benefit to risk ratio, supporting both maternal treatment and breastfeeding

Identifying Psychiatric Patients at Risk for Repeated Involvement in Violence: The Next Step Toward Intensive Community Treatment Programs

Recent studies indicate that a small, but critical subgroup of psychiatric patients is involved in a disproportionately large number of violent incidents among the mentally ill. This subgroup is an appropriate focus for intensive community-based treatment programs designed to reduce violence. However, little research has been conducted on methods for identifying patients who repeatedly become involved in violent incidents. This article describes a large follow-up study in which these patients were identified using a simple screening process that is feasible for routine use. This screening process efficiently and effectively identified a small minority of patients who were at risk for repeated involvement in violence. Patients deemed “at risk” by the screening process had an average of 7 violent incidents during a six-month follow-up period. The characteristics of these patients are described, and implications of the screening tool for conducting future research, targeting individuals for more intensive treatment services, and developing violence-focused treatment programs are discussed

A reduced version of the NMC DERF 2 data set

The National Meterological Center (NMC) Dynamical Extended Range Forecast (DERF 2) data represents a major computational effort to better ascertain the potential for extended range forecasts and to develop a strategy for performing operational extended range forecasts using dynamical models. A major stumbling block for using this data has been the sheer volume of data that must be processed to perform even simple calculations. The product of the data reduction described is a manageable data set that fits comfortably on five magnetic tapes or on one compact disc. The document outlines the data reduction process of the second phase of DERF data. It contains the description of the fields and the resolution of both the original and final fields. In order to assist the users of this data set, maps of selected fields, using both the original truncation at rhomboidal 30 and the truncation of the final data at triangular 20, are displayed