Thrombolyse der Arteria cerebri media

Zusammenfassung: In den ersten 3h nach Eintritt eines akuten ischämischen Hirninfarkts ist die intravenöse Thrombolyse (IVT) die evidenzbasierte Therapie (IVT 3-4,5h: "off-label use" mit Einverständnis des Patienten). Die intraarterielle Thrombolyse (IAT) führt in der A.cerebri media (ACM) allerdings häufiger zur Rekanalisation als die IVT. Daher ist die IAT in dafür ausgerüsteten Kliniken ergänzend oder alternativ zur IVT bis zu 6h nach Symptombeginn zu erwäge

Multiresolution fuzzy clustering of functional MRI data

Recent developments in the analysis of functional MRI data reveal a shift from hypothesis-driven statistical tests to unsupervised strategies. One of the most promising approaches is the fuzzy clustering algorithm (FCA), whose potential to detect activation patterns has already been demonstrated. But the FCA suffers from three drawbacks: first the computational complexity, second the higher sensitivity to noise and third the dependence on the random initialization. With the multiresolution approach presented here, these weak points are significantly improved, as is demonstrated in our tests with simulated and real functional MRI dat

Locally induced hypothermia for treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: a physical feasibility study

During the treatment of stroke by local intra-arterial thrombolysis (LIT) it is frequently possible to pass the blood clot with a micro-catheter, allowing perfusion of brain tissue distally to the occlusion. This possibility allows for new early treatments of ischaemic brain tissue, even before the blood clot has been removed. One potential new approach to preserve brain tissue at risk may be locally induced endovascular hypothermia. Physical parameters such as the required micro-catheter input pressure, output velocity and flow rates, and a heat exchange model, applicable in the case of a micro-catheter placed within a guiding catheter, are presented. Also, a simple cerebral temperature model is derived that models the temperature response of the brain to the perfusion with coolant fluids. Based on this model, an expression has been derived for the time needed to reach a certain cerebral target temperature. Experimental in vitro measurements are presented that confirm the usability of standard commercially available micro-catheters to induce local hypothermia of the brain. If applied in vivo, the model predicts a local cooling rate of ischaemic brain tissue of 300g of approximately 1°C in 1min, which is up to a factor 30-times faster than the time-consuming systemic hypothermia via the skin. Systemic body temperature is only minimally affected by application of local hypothermia, thus avoiding many limitations and complications known in systemic hypothermi

situ assessment of microbial sulfate reduction in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer using push-pull tests and stable sulfur isotope analyses

Abstract Anaerobic microbial activities such as sulfate reduction are important for the degradation of Ž . petroleum hydrocarbons PHC in contaminated aquifers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of single-well push-pull tests in combination with stable sulfur isotope analyses for the in situ quantification of microbial sulfate reduction. A series of push-pull tests Ž was performed in an existing monitoring well of a PHC-contaminated aquifer in Studen Switzer-. land . Sulfate transport behavior was evaluated in a first test. In three subsequent tests, we injected Ž . Ž y . anoxic test solutions up to 1000 l , which contained 0.5 mM bromide Br as conservative tracer Ž 2y . and 1 mM sulfate SO as reactant. Ž . PII: S 0 1 6 9 -7 7 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 2 8 -0 Schroth et al.r Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 51 2001 179-195 180 analyses proved useful for the in situ quantification of microbial sulfate reduction in a PHC-contaminated aquifer.

Biosensoren auf der Basis des Insektengeruchssinns als Routine-Instrument - Eine Machbarkeitsstudie

Die Leistungsfähigkeit des kürzlich entwickelten BioFET auf der Basis des Insektengeruchssinns hängt sowohl von den Eigenschaften der Insektenantenne und denen des Feldeffekttransistors als auch von der Güte der bioelektronischen Schnittstelle zwischen Insektenantenne und Feldeffekttransistor ab. Die von Seiten der Insektenantenne notwendigen Voraussetzungen sollen durch einen Vergleich der Tauglichkeit von Insektenantennen zweier verschiedener Insektenarten, dem Kartoffelkäfer (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) und dem Stahlblauen Kiefernprachtkäfer (Phaenops cyanea) für die Messung von Pflanzenschäden in unterschiedlichen Umgebungen veranschaulicht werden. Dabei steht der Abgleich der Eigenschaften der Biokomponenten hinsichtlich ihrer sensorischen Leistungsfähigkeit durch die Anwendung im Vordergrund. Für die praktische Anwendung des Biosensor-Systems im Routineeinsatz sind oftmals noch andere Eigenschaften, wie Verfügbarkeit des Sensorköpfe, zeitliche und räumliche Auflösung der Messungen sowie der Bedarf an Energie und ausgebildeten Arbeitskräften maßgeblich. Diese Parameter können durch Anzuchtbedingungen der Insekten, Lagerbarkeit der Bio- und der Halbleiterkomponente sowie technische Optionen des Biosensor-Systems beeinflusst werden. Die Fertigung eines Biosensors auf der Basis des Insektengeruchssinns nach Kundenwunsch erfordert eine sorgfältige Beschreibung der Sensor-Anwendung, die durch eine gründliche Kenntnis des biologischen Hintergrunds der verwendeten Insekten und der technischen Limitierungen bzw. Optionen von Transducer-Komponente und Biosensor-System ergänzt werden muss. Die Möglichkeit halbautomatischer Fertigungstechniken zur Herstellung der Sensorköpfe werden diskutiert und zukünftiges Entwicklungspotential aufgezeigt. Auf dieser Basis ist die Entwicklung von routinemäßig einsetzbaren Biosensoren auf der Basis des Insektengeruchssinns für die vor-Ort-Analytik von Duftstoffen in vielfältigen Anwendungen möglich

Relationships between CYP2D6 phenotype, breast cancer and hot flushes in women at high risk of breast cancer receiving prophylactic tamoxifen: results from the IBIS-I trial

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Employment Protection and Domestic Violence: Addressing Abuse in the Labor Grievance Process

The effects of domestic violence are not limited to the home environment. Its effects are felt in employment when abused employees are absent from work and when violent incidents erupt in the workplace. For example, a bruised employee might be too injured and embarrassed to attend work, or an estranged spouse might stalk and harass a victim on the job. Another issue arises in that employers often discipline victims of domestic violence for absenteeism and incidents of violence that occur in the workplace. Discipline of union members is governed by collective bargaining agreements and subject to the labor grievance process. These grievances often end in arbitration, where the union represents the battered employee. Because of this occurrence, employers, unions, and arbitrators must be educated about domestic violence to ensure victims of abuse receive adequate job protection