Tomographic reconstruction with a generative adversarial network

This paper presents a deep learning algorithm for tomographic reconstruction (GANrec). The algorithm uses a generative adversarial network (GAN) to solve the inverse of the Radon transform directly. It works for independent sinograms without additional training steps. The GAN has been developed to fit the input sinogram with the model sinogram generated from the predicted reconstruction. Good quality reconstructions can be obtained during the minimization of the fitting errors. The reconstruction is a self-training procedure based on the physics model, instead of on training data. The algorithm showed significant improvements in the reconstruction accuracy, especially for missing-wedge tomography acquired at less than 180° rotational range. It was also validated by reconstructing a missing-wedge X-ray ptychographic tomography (PXCT) data set of a macroporous zeolite particle, for which only 51 projections over 70° could be collected. The GANrec recovered the 3D pore structure with reasonable quality for further analysis. This reconstruction concept can work universally for most of the ill-posed inverse problems if the forward model is well defined, such as phase retrieval of in-line phase-contrast imaging

Sustainable Innovation in a Multi-University Master Course

Mobility, multi-locality, and transnational migration are current social developments among the population of the European Union. These social developments in society and companies, linked to the challenges of sustainability, lead to new requirements for working in the European Union. Teaching and learning in higher education needs to adapt to these requirements. As a result, new and innovative teaching and learning practices in higher education should provide competencies for transnational teamwork in the curriculum of tomorrow's engineers in order to ensure their competitiveness in the job market and advantage in their future careers. Thirteen European students from four countries participated in a new project-based course, called the "European Engineering Team". Students focused on the development of two innovative and sustainable products. The goal of this paper is to present the thermal pallet cover, which is the result of the first one-year transnational and sustainability-oriented project. This paper also aims to present the process of performing the project. It provides the overview and discussion of engineering and management tasks that students completed in the transnational environment, working remotely at their own campuses between scheduled transnational meetings. The work contributes to project-oriented learning that may constitute a basis for teaching holistic engineering courses at mechanical and industrial engineering departments

THE ADJUSTMENT OF STOCK PRICES TO COMPLETELY UNANTICIPATED EVENTS

ABSTRACT This paper utilizes standard cumulative residual analysis to study the response of stock prices to completely unanticipated events—fatal commercial airline crashes. Results indicate that the immediate negative reaction to fatal airline crashes is significant for only one full trading day after the event occurs. Hence, the market appears to assimilate the new information rapidly, even if the crash occurs in a remote geographic location. The paper also considers market response after the initial reaction period by assuming that the actual cumulative average residuals are drawn from the same distribution as the pre‐crash base period and by calculating the probabilities that observed changes would occur. Results provide no evidence that underreaction or overreaction appeared in the initial response period. The hypothesis of complete, immediate adjustment is also supported by a repetition of the analysis on the subsample of airplane crashes where the greatest potential loss occurs

确定创伤后多发伤患者的指标创伤 ：对使用最严重的单一事件与多次创伤事件的治疗效果的影响

Background: A diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) requires the identification of one or more traumatic events, designated the index trauma, which serves as the basis for assessment of severity of PTSD. In patients who have experienced more than one traumatic event, severity may depend on the exact definition of the index trauma. Defining the index trauma as the worst single incident may result in PTSD severity scores that differ from what would be seen if the index trauma included multiple events. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the definition of the index trauma on PTSD baseline severity scores and treatment outcome. Method: A planned secondary analysis was performed on data from a subset (N = 58) of patients enrolled in a trial evaluating the efficacy of a 12 week residential dialectical behavioural therapy programme for PTSD related to childhood abuse (DBT-PTSD). Assessments of the severity of PTSD were conducted at admission, at the end of the 12 week treatment period, and at 6 and 12 weeks post-treatment, using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. The index trauma was defined with respect to both the worst single incident and up to three qualitatively distinct traumatic events. Results: When the index trauma included multiple traumas, PTSD severity scores were significantly higher and improvements from pre- to post-treatment were significantly lower than when the index trauma was defined as the worst single incident. Conclusions: In patients with PTSD who have experienced multiple traumas, defining the index trauma as the worst single incident may miss some aspects of clinically relevant symptomatology, thereby leading to a possibly biased interpretation of treatment effects. In DBT-PTSD, treatment effects were lower when the index trauma included multiple traumatic events. More research is needed to determine the impact of the various index trauma definitions on the evaluation of other trauma-focused treatments.Antecedentes: Para diagnosticar un trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) se requiere la identificación de uno o más eventos traumáticos. La designación del trauma índice sirve para evaluar la severidad del TEPT. En pacientes que han experimentado más de un evento traumático, la severidad podría depender de la definición exacta que se le otorgue al trauma índice. Definir el trauma índice como el peor incidente podría resultar en puntajes de severidad diferentes a los obtenidos si el trauma índice incluyera o comprendiera eventos múltiples. Objetivo: Este estudio investiga el impacto de la definición del trauma índice sobre los puntajes de severidad basal de TEPT y los resultados del tratamiento. Método: Se realizó un análisis secundario planificado sobre los datos de una muestra (N = 58) de pacientes reclutados para un ensayo que evaluaba la eficacia de un programa residencial DBT-TEPT de 12 semanas para TEPT relacionado a abuso infantil. Se evaluó la severidad del TEPT usando la escala de TEPT Administrada por el clínico al inicio, al final del periodo de 12 semanas de tratamiento, y a las 6 y 12 semanas posteriores al tratamiento. El trauma índice se definió tanto para el peor incidente como para hasta tres eventos cualitativamente distintos. Resultados: Cuando el trauma índice incluye múltiples traumas, los puntajes de severidad de TEPT fueron significativamente más altos y la mejoría posterior al tratamiento fue significativamente más baja comparado a cuando el trauma índice era definido solamente con el peor incidente. Conclusiones: En pacientes con TEPT que han experimentado múltiples traumas, definir el trauma índice con el peor incidente puede pasar por alto algunos aspectos de la sintomatología clínicamente relevantes, conduciendo a posibles interpretaciones sesgadas de los efectos del tratamiento. En DBT-TEPT, los efectos del tratamiento fueron menores cuando el trauma índice incluyó eventos traumáticos múltiples. Se requiere mayor investigación para determinar el impacto de las diversas definiciones de trauma índice sobre la evaluación de resultados de otros tratamientos focalizados en trauma.背景：诊断创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）需要确定一项或多项创伤事件，称为指标创伤，作为评估PTSD严重程度的基础。 在经历多于一次创伤性事件的患者中，严重程度可能取决于指标创伤的确切定义。 将指数创伤定义为最差的单一事件可能导致PTSD严重程度分数与如果让指数创伤包括多个事件之后的 PTSD 分数不同。 目的：本研究调查指数创伤的定义对PTSD基线严重度评分和治疗结果的影响。 方法：对纳入试验的患者（N = 58）的数据按计划进行二次分析，数据来自评估一个12周住院DBT-PTSD计划对与儿童期虐待有关的PTSD疗效的项目。 PTSD严重程度的评估在入院时，12周治疗结束时和治疗后6周和12周时使用临床医生管理的PTSD量表进行。 指数创伤被定义为最严重的单一事件和多达三个性质不同的创伤性事件。 结果：当指数创伤包括多次创伤时，PTSD严重度评分显著较高，治疗前后的改善效果显著低于当指数创伤被定义为最差的单一事件。 结论：PTSD患者经历过多次创伤，定义指数创伤是最差的单一事件可能会错过临床相关症状的某些方面，从而导致对治疗效果可能存在偏倚的解释。 在DBT-PTSD中，当指数损伤包括多次创伤事件时，治疗效果较低。 需要更多的研究来确定各种指数创伤定义对其他创伤治疗评估的影响。 关键词: PTSD, 标准A, 指标创伤, 累积创伤, 多重创

Defining the index trauma in post-traumatic stress disorder patients with multiple trauma exposure: impact on severity scores and treatment effects of using worst single incident versus multiple traumatic events

Background: A diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) requires the identification of one or more traumatic events, designated the index trauma, which serves as the basis for assessment of severity of PTSD. In patients who have experienced more than one traumatic event, severity may depend on the exact definition of the index trauma. Defining the index trauma as the worst single incident may result in PTSD severity scores that differ from what would be seen if the index trauma included multiple events. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the definition of the index trauma on PTSD baseline severity scores and treatment outcome. Method: A planned secondary analysis was performed on data from a subset (N = 58) of patients enrolled in a trial evaluating the efficacy of a 12 week residential dialectical behavioural therapy programme for PTSD related to childhood abuse (DBT-PTSD). Assessments of the severity of PTSD were conducted at admission, at the end of the 12 week treatment period, and at 6 and 12 weeks post-treatment, using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. The index trauma was defined with respect to both the worst single incident and up to three qualitatively distinct traumatic events. Results: When the index trauma included multiple traumas, PTSD severity scores were significantly higher and improvements from pre- to post-treatment were significantly lower than when the index trauma was defined as the worst single incident. Conclusions: In patients with PTSD who have experienced multiple traumas, defining the index trauma as the worst single incident may miss some aspects of clinically relevant symptomatology, thereby leading to a possibly biased interpretation of treatment effects. In DBT-PTSD, treatment effects were lower when the index trauma included multiple traumatic events. More research is needed to determine the impact of the various index trauma definitions on the evaluation of other trauma-focused treatments