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Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Calcitonin in MEN-2 and Sporadic Pheochromocytomas: An Immunohistochemical Study

Ten pheochromocytomas (five from patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and five sporadic) were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies to calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. CGRP positive cells were found in variable numbers in all of the investigated tumors. No demonstrable difference was noted between the hereditary tumors and the sporadic tumors. Staining with CT antibody also showed cells with a positive reaction in eight of ten tumors. The distribution of the two peptides was similar, and in some cells their coexistence was visualized. Pheochromocytomas thus represent an alternative site to medullary thyroid carcinoma for CT and CGRP production. The possible influence of this on serum peptide levels needs investigation

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Calcitonin in MEN-2 and Sporadic Pheochromocytomas: An Immunohistochemical Study

Ten pheochromocytomas (five from patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and five sporadic) were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies to calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. CGRP positive cells were found in variable numbers in all of the investigated tumors. No demonstrable difference was noted between the hereditary tumors and the sporadic tumors. Staining with CT antibody also showed cells with a positive reaction in eight of ten tumors. The distribution of the two peptides was similar, and in some cells their coexistence was visualized. Pheochromocytomas thus represent an alternative site to medullary thyroid carcinoma for CT and CGRP production. The possible influence of this on serum peptide levels needs investigation

Biomarkers of mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle of healthy young human subjects

Skeletal muscle mitochondrial content varies extensively between human subjects. Biochemical measures of mitochondrial proteins, enzyme activities and lipids are often used as markers of mitochondrial content and muscle oxidative capacity (OXPHOS). The purpose of this study was to determine how closely associated these commonly used biochemical measures are to muscle mitochondrial content and OXPHOS. Sixteen young healthy male subjects were recruited for this study. Subjects completed a graded exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake ([Image: see text]) and muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis. Mitochondrial content was determined using transmission electron microscopy imaging and OXPHOS was determined as the maximal coupled respiration in permeabilized fibres. Biomarkers of interest were citrate synthase (CS) activity, cardiolipin content, mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNA), complex I–V protein content, and complex I–IV activity. Spearman correlation coefficient tests and Lin's concordance tests were applied to assess the absolute and relative association between the markers and mitochondrial content or OXPHOS. Subjects had a large range of [Image: see text] (range 29.9–71.6 ml min(−1) kg(−1)) and mitochondrial content (4–15% of cell volume). Cardiolipin content showed the strongest association with mitochondrial content followed by CS and complex I activities. mtDNA was not related to mitochondrial content. Complex IV activity showed the strongest association with muscle oxidative capacity followed by complex II activity. We conclude that cardiolipin content, and CS and complex I activities are the biomarkers that exhibit the strongest association with mitochondrial content, while complex IV activity is strongly associated with OXPHOS capacity in human skeletal muscle