Towards Inclusion: Systemic Change Through Organizational Education

This article discusses inclusion in social work from an organizational perspective and suggests that organizational education (a new discipline and profession focusing on learning organizations) opens up new perspectives for organizing inclusion. In making this argument, the authors start with a notion of social inclusion that is connected to theories of social justice, social exclusion, and democracy. Against the background of historical and recent research on child and youth care in Germany and Switzerland, it is shown how organizations place clients in powerless positions. To this day, diversity in society is viewed as problematic for organizations, particularly when it comes to interpreting clients’ situations. However, learning can only take place in organizations if clients have a chance to articulate their experiences with organizations and participate in decision‐making from more powerful positions. The authors therefore plea for organizations in social work and other social services to become more democratized, to further a form of inclusion that leads to more social justice

The Role of Packing, Dispersion, Electrostatics, and Solvation in High‐Affinity Complexes of Cucurbit[ n ]urils with Uncharged Polar Guests

The rationalization of non-covalent binding trends is both of fundamental interest and provides new design concepts for biomimetic molecular systems. Cucurbit[n]urils (CBn) are known for a long time as the strongest synthetic binders for a wide range of (bio)organic compounds in water. However, their host-guest binding mechanism remains ambiguous despite their symmetric and simple macrocyclic structure and the wealth of literature reports. We herein report experimental thermodynamic binding parameters (ΔG, ΔH, TΔS) for CB7 and CB8 with a set of hydroxylated adamantanes, di-, and triamantanes as uncharged, rigid, and spherical/ellipsoidal guests. Binding geometries and binding energy decomposition were obtained from high-level theory computations. This study reveals that neither London dispersion interactions, nor electronic energies or entropic factors are decisive, selectivity-controlling factors for CBn complexes. In contrast, peculiar host-related solvation effects were identified as the major factor for rationalizing the unique behavior and record-affinity characteristics of cucurbit[n]urils

Cryogenics in high-current busbars and multistage cooled current leads

The use of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) has big advantages especially in high direct current applications. Relevant industrial applications can be found in chlorine, zinc or copper electrolysis and aluminum plants. We developed a superconducting busbar for 20 kA based on YBCO tapes including two novel multistage cooled current leads at the ends. The special characteristic of the system is the closed-loop operation evaporating no cryogens after initial cool down. This feature is advantageous particularly with regard to industrial application. A 25 m long demonstrator will be installed in a chlorine plant at BASF in Ludwigshafen under real industrial conditions within the scope of government-granted 3S project. In high current busbars the major cooling demand is generated in the current leads. To minimize these current lead losses we increased the efficiency by installing common cooling machines for three different temperature stages. To reduce the required quantity of high temperature superconductors, the superconductors inside the busbar are cooled by sub-cooled liquid nitrogen at a temperature between 65 and 70 K. The need of superconductor is further minimized by increasing the distance between the single HTS tapes. Both technical measures create high demands on the supporting structure plus the pipe cryostat elements and their cooling system. Test results of the current lead and busbar sections will be presented

The MOCART (Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue) 2.0 Knee Score and Atlas

Objective Since the first introduction of the MOCART (Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue) score, significant progress has been made with regard to surgical treatment options for cartilage defects, as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of such defects. Thus, the aim of this study was to introduce the MOCART 2.0 knee score — an incremental update on the original MOCART score — that incorporates this progression. Materials and Methods The volume of cartilage defect filling is now assessed in 25% increments, with hypertrophic filling of up to 150% receiving the same scoring as complete repair. Integration now assesses only the integration to neighboring native cartilage, and the severity of surface irregularities is assessed in reference to cartilage repair length rather than depth. The signal intensity of the repair tissue differentiates normal signal, minor abnormal, or severely abnormal signal alterations. The assessment of the variables "subchondral lamina," "adhesions," and "synovitis" was removed and the points were reallocated to the new variable "bony defect or bony overgrowth." The variable "subchondral bone" was renamed to "subchondral changes" and assesses minor and severe edema-like marrow signal, as well as subchondral cysts or osteonecrosis-like signal. Overall, a MOCART 2.0 knee score ranging from 0 to 100 points may be reached. Four independent readers (two expert readers and two radiology residents with limited experience) assessed the 3 T MRI examinations of 24 patients, who had undergone cartilage repair of a femoral cartilage defect using the new MOCART 2.0 knee score. One of the expert readers and both inexperienced readers performed two readings, separated by a four-week interval. For the inexperienced readers, the first reading was based on the evaluation sheet only. For the second reading, a newly introduced atlas was used as an additional reference. Intrarater and interrater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and weighted kappa statistics. ICCs were interpreted according to Koo and Li; weighted kappa statistics were interpreted according to the criteria of Landis and Koch. Results The overall intrarater (ICC = 0.88, P < 0.001) as well as the interrater (ICC = 0.84, P < 0.001) reliability of the expert readers was almost perfect. Based on the evaluation sheet of the MOCART 2.0 knee score, the overall interrater reliability of the inexperienced readers was poor (ICC = 0.34, P < 0.019) and improved to moderate (ICC = 0.59, P = 0.001) with the use of the atlas. Conclusions The MOCART 2.0 knee score was updated to account for changes in the past decade and demonstrates almost perfect interrater and intrarater reliability in expert readers. In inexperienced readers, use of the atlas may improve interrater reliability and, thus, increase the comparability of results across studies

Термохимическое окисление фрагментированного отработавшего ядерного топлива

В настоящее время одной из главных задач стоящих перед атомной отраслью является замыкание ядерно-топливного цикла и развитие технологий переработки отработавшего ядерного топлива (ОЯТ). Промышленно освоенная гидрометаллургическая технология предусматривает кислотное растворение фрагментов отработавшего топлива, что приводит к распределению трития по всем технологическим продуктам и повышенной радиационной нагрузке на экстрагент. По результатам исследований проведение предварительной низкотемпературной окислительной обработки фрагментов топлива перед гидрометаллургическими стадиями переработки ОЯТ позволит получить реакционноспособный порошкообразный материал и количественно удалить из топлива летучие радиоактивные компоненты (в том числе тритий).Currently, one of the main tasks facing the nuclear industry is the closure of the nuclear-fuel cycle and the development of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) reprocessing technologies. The industrially developed hydrometallurgical technology provides for acid dissolution of spent fuel fragments, which results in the distribution of tritium among all technological products and an increased radiation load on the extractant. According to the results of research, conducting preliminary low-temperature oxidative processing of fuel fragments before the hydrometallurgical stages of SNF processing will allow obtaining reactive powdered material and quantitatively remove volatile radioactive components (including tritium) from the fuel