Diagnostische Kompetenz von Lehrpersonen

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Diagnoseleistungen und diagnostische Kompetenzen in der Lehrtätigkeit. Zu Beginn werden Grundlagen und basale Aufgabenstellungen der pädagogischen Diagnostik behandelt. Im Vordergrund steht dabei die Bedeutung der pädagogischen Diagnostik für den Lehr-Lern-Prozess. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt bilden der Ansatz der Urteilsgenauigkeit sowie prozessorientierte Ansätze, zu denen jeweils ein knapper Überblick über ausgewählte Forschungsergebnisse gegeben wird. Am Ende wird auf den Stellenwert diagnostischer Kompetenz, Forschungsdefizite sowie Konsequenzen für die Verbesserung von Diagnoseleistungen eingegangen.The following article provides an overview of teacher diagnosis and diagnos­tic competence. Starting with a presentation of basic approaches and diagnostic tasks, the main focus lies on the role of educational diagnosis in instruction and with respect to student learning. Special emphasis is put on two major approaches: teachers’ judgement accuracy and judgement processes. A brief review of selected results of research in these domains is given. Finally, the importance of diagnostic competence, limitations of research, and consequences regarding the improvement of teacher diagnosis are discussed

Wirksamkeit des Hochschulunterrichts aus Sicht der Studierenden. Eine empirische Studie

Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie Studierende den Erfolg des Hochschulstudiums im Hinblick auf verschiedene Zielkriterien einschätzen. Grundlage ist eine empirische Fragebogenstudie, bei der deutsche und österreichische Studierende (N = 169) daraufhin befragt wurden, in welchem Umfang sie sich im Hinblick auf verschiedene Ziele des Hochschulstudiums gefördert sehen. Es zeigt sich, dass sich die Einschätzungen der Förderwirkung für die unterschiedlichen Zielkriterien signifikant unterscheiden. Eine Faktorenanalyse ergibt zwei Faktoren, die sich klar als kongitive und nicht-kognitive Wirkmuster des Studiums interpretieren lassen. Es ergeben sich keine Hinweise auf eine grundsätzliche Unverträglichkeit der Zielkriterien, d. h. aus der Sicht der Studierenden schließt Förderung kognitiver Ziele diejenige der Persönlichkeitsentwicklung nicht aus. Die eingeschätzten ... Wirkungen sind um so ausgeprägter, je höher das Lehrengagement und die Qualität des Lehrangebots und der Unterrichtsqualität bewertet werden. (DIPF/ Orig.

Спекание таблеток диоксида урана в высокотемпературных печах

Бакалаврская работа посвящена изучению современных подходов к производству топливных таблеток для снаряжения тепловыделяющих элементов и сборок. Основное внимание обращено процессам спекания спрессованных из порошка диоксида урана топливных таблеток в высокотемпературных печах, проходящих в атмосфере водорода. В процессе выполнения работы изучена программа - «Инженерная модель спекания в печах BTU», разработанная в НИИ прикладной математики и механики Томского государственного университета. Программа предназначена для получения прогноза по спеканию топливных таблеток диоксида урана по входным данным, полученным после прессования. После ознакомления с программой проведены расчеты. Целью данной работы является освоение современных подходов к спеканию топливных таблеток из порошка диоксидаBachelor's work is devoted to the study of contemporary approaches to the production of fuel pellets Equipment for the fuel rods and assemblies. Emphasis sintering processes drawn from the compacted powder of uranium dioxide fuel pellets in high temperature furnaces, passing under a hydrogen atmosphere. In carrying out the work program studied - "Engineering model sintering furnaces BTU», developed at the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics of Tomsk State University. The program is designed to provide forecast sintered uranium dioxide fuel pellets from the input data obtained after compression. After getting acquainted with the program were calculated. The aim of this work is the development of modern approaches to the sintering of fuel pellets of uranium dioxide ceramic powde

Проект реконструкции подстанции 110/35/10 кВ Весенняя филиала ПАО "МРСК-Сибири" «Кузбассэнерго-РЭС»

Объект исследования ПС 110/35/10 кВ Весенняя филиала ПАО "МРСК-Сибири" «Кузбассэнерго-РЭС» Цель исследования – разработка проекта по реконструкции подстанции 110/35/10 кВ Весенняя. В процессе исследования проведен выбор и расчетная проверка основного электротехнического оборудования. В результате проведенного исследования было выявлено, что реконструкция подстанции приведет к улучшению экономических показателей соответственно повышению надежности оборудования и качества передаваемой электроэнергии.The object of study substation 110/35/10 kV Spring, a branch of OAO IDGC of Siberia" "Kuzbassenergo-RES" Research objective – development of the project on reconstruction of substation 110/35/10 kV Spring. In the research process selection and design verification of the basic electrical equipment. In the result of the study revealed that the reconstruction of the substation will lead to the improvement of economic indicators, respectively, to improve the reliability of equipment and quality of the power transmitted

Co-regulation map of the human proteome enables identification of protein functions

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: All mass spectrometry raw files generated in-house have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository36 with the dataset identifier PXD008888. The co-regulation map is hosted on our website at www.proteomeHD.net, and pair-wise co-regulation scores are available through STRING (https://string-db.org). A network of the top 0.5% co-regulated protein pairs can be explored interactively on NDEx (https://doi.org/10.18119/N9N30Q).Code availability: Data analysis was performed in R 3.5.1. R scripts and input files required to reproduce the results of this manuscript are available in the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/Rappsilber-Laboratory/ProteomeHD. R scripts related specifically to the benchmarking of the treeClust algorithm using synthetic data are available in the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/Rappsilber-Laboratory/treeClust-benchmarking. The R package data.table was used for fast data processing. Figures were prepared using ggplot2, gridExtra, cowplot and viridis.Note that the title of the AAM is different from the published versionThe annotation of protein function is a longstanding challenge of cell biology that suffers from the sheer magnitude of the task. Here we present ProteomeHD, which documents the response of 10,323 human proteins to 294 biological perturbations, measured by isotope-labelling mass spectrometry. We reveal functional associations between human proteins using the treeClust machine learning algorithm, which we show to improve protein co-regulation analysis due to robust selectivity for close linear relationships. Our co-regulation map identifies a functional context for many uncharacterized proteins, including microproteins that are difficult to study with traditional methods. Co-regulation also captures relationships between proteins which do not physically interact or co-localize. For example, co-regulation of the peroxisomal membrane protein PEX11β with mitochondrial respiration factors led us to discover a novel organelle interface between peroxisomes and mitochondria in mammalian cells. The co-regulation map can be explored at www.proteomeHD.net .Biotechnology & Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)European Commissio

Peroxisomal alterations in Alzheimer’s disease

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), lipid alterations are present early during disease progression. As some of these alterations point towards a peroxisomal dysfunction, we investigated peroxisomes in human postmortem brains obtained from the cohort-based, longitudinal Vienna-Transdanube Aging (VITA) study. Based on the neuropathological Braak staging for AD on one hemisphere, the patients were grouped into three cohorts of increasing severity (stages I–II, III–IV, and V–VI, respectively). Lipid analyses of cortical regions from the other hemisphere revealed accumulation of C22:0 and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA, C24:0 and C26:0), all substrates for peroxisomal β-oxidation, in cases with stages V–VI pathology compared with those modestly affected (stages I–II). Conversely, the level of plasmalogens, which need intact peroxisomes for their biosynthesis, was decreased in severely affected tissues, in agreement with a peroxisomal dysfunction. In addition, the peroxisomal volume density was increased in the soma of neurons in gyrus frontalis at advanced AD stages. Confocal laser microscopy demonstrated a loss of peroxisomes in neuronal processes with abnormally phosphorylated tau protein, implicating impaired trafficking as the cause of altered peroxisomal distribution. Besides the original Braak staging, the study design allowed a direct correlation between the biochemical findings and the amount of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and neuritic plaques, quantified in adjacent tissue sections. Interestingly, the decrease in plasmalogens and the increase in VLCFA and peroxisomal volume density in neuronal somata all showed a stronger association with NFT than with neuritic plaques. These results indicate substantial peroxisome-related alterations in AD, which may contribute to the progression of AD pathology

Effects of Anacetrapib in Patients with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

BACKGROUND: Patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease remain at high risk for cardiovascular events despite effective statin-based treatment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by anacetrapib reduces LDL cholesterol levels and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, trials of other CETP inhibitors have shown neutral or adverse effects on cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 30,449 adults with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive atorvastatin therapy and who had a mean LDL cholesterol level of 61 mg per deciliter (1.58 mmol per liter), a mean non-HDL cholesterol level of 92 mg per deciliter (2.38 mmol per liter), and a mean HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg per deciliter (1.03 mmol per liter). The patients were assigned to receive either 100 mg of anacetrapib once daily (15,225 patients) or matching placebo (15,224 patients). The primary outcome was the first major coronary event, a composite of coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization. RESULTS: During the median follow-up period of 4.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in significantly fewer patients in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (1640 of 15,225 patients [10.8%] vs. 1803 of 15,224 patients [11.8%]; rate ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.97; P=0.004). The relative difference in risk was similar across multiple prespecified subgroups. At the trial midpoint, the mean level of HDL cholesterol was higher by 43 mg per deciliter (1.12 mmol per liter) in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (a relative difference of 104%), and the mean level of non-HDL cholesterol was lower by 17 mg per deciliter (0.44 mmol per liter), a relative difference of -18%. There were no significant between-group differences in the risk of death, cancer, or other serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive statin therapy, the use of anacetrapib resulted in a lower incidence of major coronary events than the use of placebo. (Funded by Merck and others; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN48678192 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01252953 ; and EudraCT number, 2010-023467-18 .)

Evaluation – und was danach? Ergebnisse der Schulleiterbefragung im Rahmen der Rezeptionsstudie WALZER

In einer Schulleiterbefragung wurde untersucht, wie die den Schulen zurückgemeldeten Leistungsergebnisse einer landesweiten Evaluationsstudie (MARKUS-Studie in Rheinland-Pfalz) in den Schulen rezipiert werden und zu welchen Veränderungen sie führen. Dazu wurden Schulleiter (N = 52) zu verschiedenen Aspekten dieser Rückmeldungen, zu allgemeinen Einschätzungen und Bewertungen und verschiedenen Aktivitäten der Qualitätssicherung befragt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die zurückgemeldeten Ergebnisse von der Mehrzahl der Schulen als Hinweise auf notwendige Änderungen gesehen werden und an den Schulen verschiedene Aktivitäten des Qualitätsmanagements zur Folge haben. Weitere Analysen zeigen, dass sich der Einsatz von qualitätssichernden Massnahmen durch verschiedene Einschätzungen und Einstellungen der Schulleiter/innen vorhersagen lässt. (DIPF/Orig.)The article deals with the effects of feedback about achievement test results school classes have obtained in a state-wide evaluation (project MARKUS in Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany). In a survey of school principals (N = 52), different aspects of feedback schools have received, attitudes towards evaluation and innovation, and activities of quality management in schools are explored. Feedback about achievement test results is seen as an important information by most schools suggesting a need for change and leading to various activities of quality management in schools. Further analyses show that quality management activities can be predicted by different judgements and attitudes of school principals. (DIPF/Orig.

Lernt man in Asien anders? Empirische Untersuchungen zum studentischen Lernverhalten in Deutschland und Vietnam

Das gute Abschneiden von Schülern aus südostasiatischen Ländern in internationalen Leistungsvergleichen wirft die Frage auf, ob sich das Lernverhalten von Schülern und Studierenden dieser Länder von denen aus westlichen Ländern unterscheidet. Im Rahmen einer kulturvergleichenden Längsschnittstudie zur Hochschulsozialisation wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich Unterschiede in lernrelevanten Merkmalen (Lernzeit, Lernstrategien, Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept, Studieninteresse, Leistungsmotiv, Leistungsangst, Handlungskontrolle) und dem Zusammenhang von Lernstrategien und motivationalen Merkmalen zwischen deutschen und vietnamesischen Studierenden nachweisen lassen. Die Erhebungen erfolgten mit Hilfe von zu Studienbeginn sowie nach ein und nach zwei Jahren Studium eingesetzten Fragebögen. Die Ergebnisse lassen Gemeinsamkeiten (ähnliches Determinationsmuster anspruchsvoller tiefenorientierter Lernstrategien) und Unterschiede (mehr Lernzeit; stärkerer Einsatz von Wiederholungsaktivitäten) im Lernverhalten deutscher und vietnamesischer Studierender erkennen. (DIPF/Orig.)The high performance of students from South-East Asian countries in international comparative achievement tests raises the question whether the learning behavior of pupils and students from these countries differs from that of students from Western countries. Within the framework of a cultural-comparative longitudinal study on socialization in universities, the authors enquire into the question whether differences between German and Vietnamese students can be shown in learningrelevant features (duration of studies, learning strategies, self-concepts of ability, interest in studies, achievement motive, achievement-related anxiety, action control) as well as in the realtion [relation] between learning strategies and motivational features. The surveys were carried out by means of questionnaires handed out at the inception of university studies and again after the first and after the second year of studies. The results reveal both communalities (similar patterns of determinants of ambitious depth-oriented learning strategies) and differences (longer duration of studies; higher reliance on repetition) in the learning behaviour of German an Vietnamese students. (DIPF/Orig.