Handreichung Anrechnung Teil 1. Ein theoretischer Überblick

Diese Handreichung gibt in neun Kapiteln einen theoretischen Einblick in das Thema Anrechnung. Dabei werden u. a. Anrechnungsverfahren, zentrale Konzepte und Bezugsrahmen sowie die Qualitätssicherung in Anrechnungsprozessen in den Blick genommen. Die Handreichung wird ergänzt durch einen zweiten Teil, der Praxiserfahrungen mit Anrechnung einbezieht. Diese Publikation ist im Rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung des Bund-Länder-Wettbewerbs „Aufstieg durch Bildung: offene Hochschulen“ entstanden. (Hrgs.

Anrechnung Teil 1: Ein theoretischer Überblick

Diese Handreichung gibt in neun Kapiteln einen theoretischen Einblick in das Thema Anrechnung. Dabei werden unter anderem Anrechungsverfahren, zentrale Konzepte und Bezugsrahmen sowie die Qualitätssicherung in Anrechnungsprozessen in den Blick genommen. Die Handreichung wird ergänzt durch einen zweiten Teil, der Praxiserfahrungen mit Anrechnung einbezieht

Chromatin accessibility dynamics across C. elegans development and ageing.

An essential step for understanding the transcriptional circuits that control development and physiology is the global identification and characterization of regulatory elements. Here, we present the first map of regulatory elements across the development and ageing of an animal, identifying 42,245 elements accessible in at least one Caenorhabditis elegans stage. Based on nuclear transcription profiles, we define 15,714 protein-coding promoters and 19,231 putative enhancers, and find that both types of element can drive orientation-independent transcription. Additionally, more than 1000 promoters produce transcripts antisense to protein coding genes, suggesting involvement in a widespread regulatory mechanism. We find that the accessibility of most elements changes during development and/or ageing and that patterns of accessibility change are linked to specific developmental or physiological processes. The map and characterization of regulatory elements across C. elegans life provides a platform for understanding how transcription controls development and ageing.The work was supported by Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowships to JA (054523 and 101863), a Wellcome Trust PhD fellowship to JJ (097679), a Sir Robert Edwards Scholarship from Churchill College, an English Speaking Union Graduate Scholarship, and funding from the Cambridge Trust to MS, a Medical Research Council DTP studentship to JS, and a Thouron award to CW. This study was also supported by the European Sequencing and Genotyping Infrastructure (funded by the EC, FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 26205 (ESGI) as part of the transnational access program. We thank Drs. Hans Lehrach and Marie-Laure Yaspo for generous support of the ESGI project, Dr. Marc Sultan for setting up sequencing technology platforms, and Mathias Linser and the rest of the sequencing team of the Department of Vertebrate Genomics at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics for technical assistance. We also acknowledge core support from the Wellcome Trust (092096) and Cancer Research UK (C6946/A14492)

Integrating Blue: How do we make Nationally Determined Contributions work for both blue carbon and local coastal communities?

Blue Carbon Ecosystems (BCEs) help mitigate and adapt to climate change but their integration into policy, such as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), remains underdeveloped. Most BCE conservation requires community engagement, hence community-scale projects must be nested within the implementation of NDCs without compromising livelihoods or social justice. Thirty-three experts, drawn from academia, project development and policy, each developed ten key questions for consideration on how to achieve this. These questions were distilled into ten themes, ranked in order of importance, giving three broad categories of people, policy & finance, and science & technology. Critical considerations for success include the need for genuine participation by communities, inclusive project governance, integration of local work into national policies and practices, sustaining livelihoods and income (for example through the voluntary carbon market and/or national Payment for Ecosystem Services and other types of financial compensation schemes) and simplification of carbon accounting and verification methodologies to lower barriers to entry

Assessment of variation in immunosuppressive pathway genes reveals TGFBR2 to be associated with risk of clear cell ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND: Regulatory T (Treg) cells, a subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes, are mediators of immunosuppression in cancer, and, thus, variants in genes encoding Treg cell immune molecules could be associated with ovarian cancer. METHODS: In a population of 15,596 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cases and 23,236 controls, we measured genetic associations of 1,351 SNPs in Treg cell pathway genes with odds of ovarian cancer and tested pathway and gene-level associations, overall and by histotype, for the 25 genes, using the admixture likelihood (AML) method. The most significant single SNP associations were tested for correlation with expression levels in 44 ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS: The most significant global associations for all genes in the pathway were seen in endometrioid ( p = 0.082) and clear cell ( p = 0.083), with the most significant gene level association seen with TGFBR2 ( p = 0.001) and clear cell EOC. Gene associations with histotypes at p < 0.05 included: IL12 ( p = 0.005 and p = 0.008, serous and high-grade serous, respectively), IL8RA ( p = 0.035, endometrioid and mucinous), LGALS1 ( p = 0.03, mucinous), STAT5B ( p = 0.022, clear cell), TGFBR1 ( p = 0.021 endometrioid) and TGFBR2 ( p = 0.017 and p = 0.025, endometrioid and mucinous, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Common inherited gene variation in Treg cell pathways shows some evidence of germline genetic contribution to odds of EOC that varies by histologic subtype and may be associated with mRNA expression of immune-complex receptor in EOC patients

The appropriateness of GM crops for Sub-Saharan Africa: an assessment of current evidence (with special reference to cassava in Nigeria)

It is broadly accepted that agricultural growth is essential for Sub-Saharan Africa‘s development, in support of economic growth and a structural transformation of the economy towards industrialization, food security and poverty reduction. Many believe that genetically modified crops have the potential to produce higher yields in many of Sub-Saharan Africa‘s unfavourable climatic conditions and can therefore help in providing food security to the region. While some countries in Sub-Saharan African countries struggle to find a solution for food security issues, others could benefit from GM crops as cash and export crops. The increasing interest of biofuels adds to the potential of GM crops in creating food surpluses which can be used for exports and bioethanol production. Africa is faced with a number of intersecting challenges which are threatening its already frail food production systems: Increasing population growth is adding demand on food supply systems while climate change is likely to increase the occurrence of drought, extreme weather events and sea level rise which will reduce the availability of water, crop land and other vital ecosystem services. The public debate about genetically modified foods is often ethically charged and based on moral principles. This paper will attempt to move away from ethical considerations towards an assessment of the evidence currently available. In order to evaluate the appropriateness of GM crops for Sub-Saharan Africa, the paper identifies criteria which are essential in assessing the potentials and barriers to GM uptake. These criteria were applied to the South African experience in order to consider lessons learned and whether South Africa can serve as a model for the rest of the region

Ingles 5-HU61-201401

Today's world demands skilled professionals and English is the language of choice for communication in the global marketplace. Responding to the needs of a rapidly changing world we invite our students to learn and develop the four basic skills required in a foreign language: listening speaking reading and writing. By building these skills and exploring new ideas students will be able to understand speak read and write in English at their current level. After completion of the intermediate level students will be able to manage diverse academic texts as well as make successful oral presentations in English