Hydraulic engineering in the 21st century: Where to?

For centuries, hydraulic engineers were at the forefront of science. The last forty years marked a change of perception in our society with a focus on environmental sustainability and management, particularly in developed countries. Herein, the writer illustrates his strong belief that the future of hydraulic engineering lies upon a combination of innovative engineering, research excellence and higher education of quality. This drive continues a long tradition established by eminent scholars like Arthur Thomas IPPEN, John Fisher KENNEDY and Hunter ROUSE

Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Flavor Symmetries and Consequences in Accelerators and Cosmology (FLASY12)

These are the proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Flavor Symmetries and Consequences in Accelerators and Cosmology, held 30 June 2012 - 4 July 2012, Dortmund, Germany.Comment: Order 400 pages, several figures including the group picture v2: corrected author list and contributio

Masonry dams : analysis of the historical profiles of Sazilly, Delocre and Rankine

The significant advances in masonry dam design that took place in the second half of the 19th century are analyzed and discussed within the context of the historical development of dam construction. Particular reference is made to the gravity dam profiles proposed by Sazilly, Delocre and Rankine, who pioneered the application of engineering concepts to dam design, basing the dam profile on the allowable stresses for the conditions of empty and full reservoir. These historical profiles are analyzed taking into consideration the present safety assessment procedures, by means of a numerical application developed for this purpose, based on limit analysis equilibrium methods, which considers the sliding failure mechanisms, the most critical for these structures. The study underlines the key role of uplift pressures, which was only addressed by Lévy after the accident of Bouzey dam, and provides a critical understanding of the original design concepts, which is essential for the rehabilitation of these historical structures.This work has been funded by FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) through the PhD grant SFRH/BD/43585/2008, for which the first author is grateful

Trayectorias y desafíos de la historiografía de los museos de historia natural en América Del Sur

Powerful tools of interchange and circulation of data and specimens, Natural History museums constituted themselves in several Latin-American countries, such as Argentine and Brazil as privileged loci of epistemic infrastructure since the nineteenth century. The museums gathered huge amounts of collections of surveys of territories and people, always proposed as comprehensive, ultimate and exhaustive endeavors, which made those institutions face the challenges of not only storing and displayng the collections and specimens but also how to order the latter in archives and catalogues that would make them intelligible. Problematizing issues already present in the nowadays consistent literature, including the Latin-American contribution, on museums, the paper discusses among other themes, the acritical identification between museums and the representation of nations and the recurrent notion of museums as place of memory. It proposes as a challenge to the new generation of scholar to ponder how to write these histories incorporating their human and non-human agents as well as the set of events and circunstances that generated their sucesses and failures.En el siglo XIX los museos de historia natural de América del Sur se constituyeron en instrumentos clave para el intercambio y la circulación de datos y especímenes y, en ese sentido, en loci privilegiados de la infraestructura de las ciencias y del saber. Almacenaron tal cantidad de objetos y colecciones que los organizadores de estas instituciones se enfrentaron al problema de cómo guardarlos y exhibirlos dándoles un orden que pudiera entenderse. Por eso, los museos no pueden separarse de la historia del papel, del archivo y de los catálogos. Este artículo repasa algunas cuestiones de la historiografía producida en las últimas décadas, discutiendo, entre otras cosas, la identificación acrítica entre museos, memoria y representación de la nación. A su vez, propone el desafío de cómo escribir la historia de los museos incorporando los agentes humanos y no humanos y el conjunto de circunstancias que sustentan sus éxitos y fracasos

A light link coupled current monitor

For small current monitoring in the dead sections and in the terminal of the Munich MP-Tandem a unit has been developed consisting of a battery operated current to frequency converter and a light emitting diode. The emitted light pulses are transmitted by a light pipe and converted to a signal suited for the display in the receiver. The operating range is from 100 pA to 70 μA (1 nA to 700 μA optional) corresponding to a pulse frequency between 0.1 Hz and 70 kHz.Nous avons développé une unité de monitorage des faibles courants dans les sections neutres et dans le terminal du Tandem MP de Munich. Ce système consiste en un convertisseur courant fréquence et une diode émettrice de lumière, alimentés par piles. Les impulsions de lumière émise sont transmises par un guide de lumière et converties dans le récepteur en un signal adapté pour la lecture. La gamme de fonctionnement va de 100 pA à 70 μA (1 nA à 700 μA par option) correspondant à une fréquence d'impulsion comprise entre 0,1 Hz et 70 kHz

The diagnostic and control system for the converted MP-Tandem at Munich

The diagnostic and control system for the Munich MP-Tandem is based on two bundles of acrylic light pipes running in the column structure from both ends of the tank to the dead sections and to the terminal. These light guides transmit all control signals for lenses, beam steerers, foil strippers and variable apertures as well as the readings of beam currents, charging currents, column currents, ionization currents, pump currents and voltages, and alternator frequencies. Details of the mechanical and electronic design are presented. Before the system has been installed, parts of it have passed various high voltage and radiation tests. It has gone in operation in june 1976. Operating experiences and test results are reported

The diagnostic and control system for the converted MP-Tandem at Munich

The diagnostic and control system for the Munich MP-Tandem is based on two bundles of acrylic light pipes running in the column structure from both ends of the tank to the dead sections and to the terminal. These light guides transmit all control signals for lenses, beam steerers, foil strippers and variable apertures as well as the readings of beam currents, charging currents, column currents, ionization currents, pump currents and voltages, and alternator frequencies. Details of the mechanical and electronic design are presented. Before the system has been installed, parts of it have passed various high voltage and radiation tests. It has gone in operation in june 1976. Operating experiences and test results are reported.Le système de diagnostic et de contrôle du Tandem MP de Munich est basé sur deux faisceaux de guide-lumière acryliques allant dans la structure de la colonne des extrémités du tank vers les sections neutres et vers le terminal. Ces guide-lumière transmettent tous les signaux de contrôle pour les lentilles, les steerers, les strippers à feuille et les diaphragmes variables. Ils transmettent également les lectures pour les mesures d'intensité de courant de charges, de courant de colonne, de courant d'ionisation, de courant de pompe et de tension, et la fréquence d'altemateur. On présente des détails de la conception mécanique et électronique. Avant que le système ait été installé, les composantes ont subi différents essais de haute tension et de radiation. Le système a été installé en juin 76. L'expérience de fonctionnement et les résultats des essais sont reportés

Variable circular beam apertures

Two types of variable beam apertures used in the converted MP-Tandem at Munich are described. One of them uses eight sectors, four of which are insulated allowing beam position measurements. Due to its relatively small power dissipation this aperture is used only in the low energy region. The other type is an iris aperture designed for high power dissipation to be used in the terminal. The total beam current of this aperture can be measured. Both apertures can be completely closed and can therefore be used as Faraday cups. They are designed in UHV-techniques and can be baked at 200 °C