The Need to Belong in Secondary School

Our social interactions are driven by complex biopsychic processes that are complicated by the fact that humans are individuals and at the same time members of one or more social systems, such as schools. This book contributes to explaining the social mechanisms influencing students' “need to belong” fulfilment at school. The theoretical framework is informed by human needs understood as cognitive mechanisms of neural processes that regulate human behaviour and bio-values. The fieldwork was conducted in two secondary schools in Austria and Australia. Based on the findings, the transformative three-step approach suggests a course of action for student belonging.Unsere sozialen Interaktionen werden von komplexen biopsychischen Prozessen angetrieben, die dadurch verkompliziert werden, dass der Mensch ein Individuum ist und gleichzeitig Mitglied eines oder mehrerer sozialer Systeme, wie bspw. der Schule. Dieses Buch trägt dazu bei, die sozialen Mechanismen des „Bedürfnisses nach Zugehörigkeit“ bei Schüler*innen in Schulkontexten zu erklären. Der theoretische Rahmen basiert auf einem Verständnis von Bedürfnissen als kognitive Mechanismen neuronaler Prozesse, die menschliches Verhalten und Körperwerte regulieren. Die Feldforschung wurde in zwei Sekundarschulen in Österreich und Australien durchgeführt. Handlungsleitlinien, die Schüler*innen dabei helfen sollen, sich zugehörig zu fühlen, werden von den Ergebnissen abgeleitet

Using Sigma metrics to establish analytical product performance requirements and optimize analytical performance of an in vitro diagnostic assay using a theoretical total PSA assay as an example

Introduction: Establishing analytical performance requirements for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) assays is a challenging process. Manufacturers try to optimize analytical performance by choosing amongst many combinations of different product performance characteristics. Sigma metrics and method decision charts can be helpful aids in choosing appropriate analytical performance requirements. The objective of this research was to demonstrate the use of Sigma metrics and method decision charts to help establish analytical performance requirements and to optimize analytical performance at medical decision concentrations for an IVD assay. Materials and methods: A range of possible Sigma metrics were determined using three sources for total allowable error (TEa) and hypothetical total PSA assay results. Method decision charts were created for each TEa source and used to identify the maximum precision and bias that the assay could have to maintain sigma level performance of at least 3. Results: To achieve a sigma performance level of at least 3 for a hypothetical total PSA assay, the maximum allowable coefficient of variation ranged from 5.0% to 11.2% depending on the TEa source. To achieve a sigma performance level of at least 6, the maximum allowable coefficient of variation ranged from 2.5% to 5.6% depending on the TEa source. Conclusions: Using Sigma metrics and method decision charts when establishing analytical performance requirements can help manufacturers choose product requirements that will optimize IVD assay product performance

The Need to Belong in Secondary School. A Social Work Science Study of Austrian and Australian Students

Our social interactions are driven by complex biopsychic processes that are complicated by the fact that humans are individuals and at the same time members of one or more social systems, such as schools. This book contributes to explaining the social mechanisms influencing students‘ “need to belong” fulfilment at school. The theoretical framework is informed by human needs understood as cognitive mechanisms of neural processes that regulate human behaviour and bio-values. The fieldwork was conducted in two secondary schools in Austria and Australia. Based on the findings, the transformative three-step approach suggests a course of action for student belonging. (DIPF/Verlag

Negotiation Theories Engage Hybrid Warfare

So how do we know hybrid warfare when we see it? And do negotiation theories, concepts and skills have any applicability to addressing the phenomenon of hybrid warfare? Our intent in this Article is to respond to those questions and then to do a bit of reframing to begin to explore negotiation theories, concepts and skills that might help us deter or respond to hybrid warfare. In the process, and as we will explain, we will reframe our focus—from responding to hybrid “warfare” to engaging in hybrid “conflict management.” We also will do a bit of reframing regarding the sorts of negotiation theories, concepts and skills that are potentially relevant in this context. We will begin with negotiation theories that assume one-on-one or bilateral relations, and, although we will demonstrate that these theories and their underlying concepts are foundational, we also will point out why they are not sufficient in the multilateral context of hybrid warfare. Rather, we will urge that international diplomacy and multiparty negotiation theories and skills, as well as the more recent scholarship that has developed regarding hostage negotiation and “wicked problems,” are likely to be most relevant

Negotiation Theories Engage Hybrid Warfare

The concept of hybrid warfare has arisen recently to describe the efforts, short of outright war, used by nations to disrupt and destabilize each other. This Article reviews available negotiation theories, concepts and skills to determine whether they can help governmental actors and business organizations targeted by hybrid warfare respond effectively. In other words, can negotiation theories, concepts and skills be used to engage effectively in “hybrid conflict management”? The Article urges that international diplomacy and multiparty negotiation theories and skills, as well as the more recent scholarship that has developed regarding hostage negotiation and “wicked problems,” are likely to be most relevant. The Article concludes with specific recommendations for business targets and governmental actors

Best Practices for Chiropractic Care of Children: A Consensus Update

AbstractObjectiveChiropractic care is the most common complementary and integrative medicine practice used by children in the United States, and it is used frequently by children internationally as well. The purpose of this project was to update the 2009 recommendations on best practices for chiropractic care of children.MethodsA formal consensus process was completed based on the existing recommendations and informed by the results of a systematic review of relevant literature from January 2009 through March 2015. The primary search question for the systematic review was, “What is the effectiveness of chiropractic care, including spinal manipulation, for conditions experienced by children (<18 years of age)?” A secondary search question was, “What are the adverse events associated with chiropractic care including spinal manipulation among children (<18 years of age)?” The consensus process was conducted electronically, by e-mail, using a multidisciplinary Delphi panel of 29 experts from 5 countries and using the RAND Corporation/University of California, Los Angeles, consensus methodology.ResultsOnly 2 statements from the previous set of recommendations did not reach 80% consensus on the first round, and revised versions of both were agreed upon in a second round.ConclusionsAll of the seed statements in this best practices document achieved a high level of consensus and thus represent a general framework for what constitutes an evidence-based and reasonable approach to the chiropractic management of infants, children, and adolescents

Universal Dependencies and Semantics for English and Hebrew Child-directed Speech

While corpora of child speech and child-directed speech (CDS) have enabled major contributions to the study of child language acquisition, semantic annotation for such corpora is still scarce and lacks a uniform standard. We compile two CDS corpora—in English and Hebrew—with syntactic and semantic annotations. We employ a methodology that enforces a cross-linguistically consistent representation, building on recent advances in dependency representation and semantic parsing. Our semi-automatic syntactic annotation follows the Universal Dependencies standard (UD; de Marneffe et al., 2021), adapted to suit the CDS genre. To induce semantic forms, we develop an automatic method for transducing UD structures into sentential logical forms (LFs). The two representations have complementary strengths: UD structures are language-neutral and support direct annotation, whereas LFs are neutral as to the syntax-semantics interface, and transparently encode semantic distinctions

The faintest radio source yet: EVLA observations of the gravitational lens SDSS J1004+4112

We present new radio observations of the large-separation gravitationally-lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112, taken in a total of 6 hours of observations with the Extended Very Large Array (EVLA). The maps reach a thermal noise level of approximately 7microJy. We detect four of the five lensed images at the 30-65microJy level, representing a source of intrinsic flux density, after allowing for lensing magnification, of about 2microJy, intrinsically probably the faintest radio source yet detected. This reinforces the utility of gravitational lensing in potentially allowing us to study nanoJy-level sources before the advent of the SKA. In an optical observation taken three months after the radio observation, image C is the brightest image, whereas the radio map shows flux density ratios consistent with previous optical observations. Future observations separated by a time delay will give the intrinsic flux ratios of the images in this source.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures. Revised version to correct an error in the flux scale (was too low by a factor of 1.85) caused by a problem in the processing of calibration tables in the first versio