Fachinformation und EDV-Arbeitstechniken für Historiker: Einführung und Arbeitsbuch

'Der Sammelband versucht, die Erfahrungen einzufangen, die von den Herausgebern in den vergangenen Jahren an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin in der studentischen EDV-Ausbildung und beim Aufbau vernetzter Informationsdienste für Historiker gemacht wurden. Es handelt sich weder um einen der üblichen Sammelbände noch um eine einfache Softwareeinführung, sondern um ein praktisches Arbeitsbuch für Studierende und Nachwuchswissenschaftler zu Fragen des EDV-Einsatzes in den Geschichtswissenschaften. Dabei stehen das 'Internet' bzw. der Einsatz der sogenannten 'Neuen Medien' im Mittelpunkt. Im ersten Kapitel wird zunächst das Verhältnis der EDV zu den Geisteswissenschaften geklärt. Dies schließt eine Einführung in die Geschichte der EDV und die Betrachtung der EDV-Einsatzfelder in den Geschichtswissenschaften zu den Themen Bibliotheken im Internet, Wissenschaftlicher Alltag und Lehre sowie spezielle historische Fachinformationsangebote ein. Im zweiten Kapitel wird näher auf die Grundlagen der Datenverarbeitung eingegangen. Dabei liegt neben dem PC- und Netzbasiswissen das Hauptaugenmerk auf dem Internet und seinen Diensten. Darauf aufbauend werden im dritten Kapitel ausgewählte Applikationen aus den Bereichen Textverarbeitung, Beschreibungs- und Skriptsprachen, Tabellenkalkulation, Datenanalyse & Datenbanksysteme sowie Grafik, Präsentation und Multimedia an historischen Beispielen in ihrem Funktionsumfang vorgestellt. Im abschließenden vierten Kapitel wird der EDV-Einsatz in den Geschichtswissenschaften an ausgewählten Projekten in Forschung und Lehre exemplarisch beschrieben.' (Autorenreferat

„Ponowne odkrycie” stanowiska archeologicznego o znaczeniu europejskim i jego ocena pod względem turystycznym – fort Karola Wielkiego nad Łabą

The fortification Vietzer Schanze on top of the Höhbeck on the Elbe is one of the most important Carolingian archaeological monuments. The history of its exploration and social perception reflects the changes in the zeitgeist over the last 150 years. Today, the marketing of culture within the framework of cultural tourism plays a prominent role in the development of structurally weak rural regions. Using the Vietzer Schanze as an example, the implementation of a concept is presented that focuses on the sustainable valorisation of natural and cultural-historical values as well as sharing and protecting on an equal level.Fortyfikacja Vietzer Schanze na szczycie wzgórza Höhbeck nad Łabą jest jednym z najważniejszych stanowisk archeologicznych z okresu karolińskiego. Historia badań nad tym stanowiskiem oraz jego społeczny odbiór odzwierciedlają zmiany, jakie zaszły na przetrzeni ostatnich 150 lat. Dziś marketing kultury w ramach turystyki kulturowej odgrywa znaczącą rolę w rozwoju strukturalnie słabych regionów wiejskich. Na przykładzie Vietzer Schanze przedstawiono koncepcję oceny potencjału obszaru pod względem walorów naturalnych i historyczno-kulturowych oraz ich ochrony

Tous pareils mais pas identiques ? – La terre noire anthropogène à l’échelle mondiale

International audienceSince the 1980s, the term „Anthropogenic Dark Earth“ is appearing in pedological and archaeological publications, and their original description was conneced to European Roman and medieval urban contexts. They are usually characterised as soils with thick and homogeneous dark horizons with little to no visible stratification. They are rich in organic material and charcoal, which gives them their characteristic dark colour. Since the first description, development of research, especially in geoarchaeological analysis, has revealed a great variety of possible origins of Dark Earth. Such soils appear in ancient rural and urban settlements, in many chronological and geographical contexts. They are an archive of information concerning environmental and social change, subsistence and resilience strategies. While the growing number of case studies investigating the Dark Earth phenomenon shows increasing interest in this soil, a coherent research methodology is still lacking. This makes comparative studies on a global scale considerably more difficult or even impossible. In October 2022, the interdisciplinary workshop Anthropogenic Dark Earth Colloquium (ADEC) in the framework of the Cluster of Excellence ROOTS in Kiel (Germany) made a first step towards a comprehensive understanding of the Dark Earth phenomenon from a comparative global perspective. Leading specialists in this field discussed the development of a coherent interdisciplinary research methodology for both, approaches to soil analysis and interpretations in social and environmental contexts. It was decided to publish the results of the colloquium as a kind of handbook with a practical guide, bringing together experiences and perspectives from different scientific areas and disciplines. The initiative for the ADEC came essentially from archaeologists, and they are also the main target group. The authors are mainly geoscientists, but also archaeologists. The general aim is to make field archaeologists aware of the Dark Earth phenomenon and to enable them to recognise, preserve and sample these soils. We will present the publication project and the main methodological approaches as well as some field experiences.Depuis les années 1980, le terme « Terres noires anthropogènes » apparaît dans les publications pédologiques et archéologiques, et leur description originale était liée aux contextes urbains européens romains et médiévaux. Ces sols sont généralement caractérisées comme des sols présentant des horizons sombres épais et homogènes avec peu ou pas de stratification visible. Ils sont riches en matière organique et en charbon de bois, ce qui leur donne leur couleur sombre caractéristique. Depuis la première description, le développement de la recherche, notamment en matière d’analyse géoarchéologique, a révélé une grande variété d’origines possibles de la terre noire. Ces sols apparaissent dans d’anciens habitats ruraux et urbains, dans de nombreux contextes chronologiques et géographiques. Ils constituent une archive d’informations concernant les changements environnementaux et sociaux, les stratégies de subsistance et de résilience. Si le nombre croissant d’études de cas portant sur le phénomène de la terre noire témoigne d’un intérêt croissant pour ce sol, une méthodologie de recherche cohérente fait encore défaut. Cela rend les études comparatives à l’échelle mondiale considérablement plus difficiles, voire impossibles. En octobre 2022, l’atelier interdisciplinaire Anthropogenic Dark Earth Colloquium (ADEC) organisé dans le cadre du cluster d’excellence ROOTS à Kiel (Allemagne) a fait un premier pas vers_une compréhension globale du phénomène de la terre noire dans une perspective comparative mondiale. D’éminents spécialistes dans ce domaine ont discuté du développement d’une méthodologie de recherche interdisciplinaire cohérente pour les deux approches de l’analyse des sols et les interprétations dans des contextes sociaux et environnementaux. Il a été décidé de publier les résultats du colloque sous la forme d’une sorte de manuel avec un guide pratique, rassemblant les expériences et les perspectives de différents domaines et disciplines scientifiques. L’initiative de l’ADEC est venue essentiellement des archéologues, et ils constituent également le principal groupe cible. Les auteurs sont principalement des géoscientifiques, mais aussi des archéologues. L’objectif général est de sensibiliser les archéologues de terrain au phénomène de la terre noire et de leur permettre de reconnaître, préserver et échantillonner ces sols. Nous présenterons le projet de publication et les principales approches méthodologiques ainsi que quelques expériences de terrain

Insights into the late Holocene vegetation history of the East European forest-steppe: case study Sudzha (Kursk region, Russia)

Today, the East European forest-steppe is an agricultural landscape with very few remains of its former natural vegetation. The history of the transformation from natural vegetation to a human-made landscape in the area of Sudzha (Kursk region, Russia) is studied here. We compare the off-site pollen record Sudzha with three on-site pollen records obtained from the archaeological site Kurilovka-2. The sediment core Sudzha covering the last 2,500 years was taken from an oxbow lake in an area with archaeological sites of the early Slavonic period (3rd–8th centuries ce). The Sudzha pollen record indicates dominance of broadleaf forests and meadow steppes in the area from 2,500 to 200 cal year bp with two major settlement phases one between ~ 2,000 and 1,600 cal year bp (~ 50 bce to 350 ce) and the other between 1,100 and 600 cal year bp (850 and 1350 ce) followed by a total deforestation and transformation to an agricultural landscape over the last 200–300 years. Similar changes in the last 300–400 years are indicated by the three on-site pollen records. It is noteworthy, however, that the record Sudzha does not provide an intensive signal of human impact during the 5th–8th centuries ce. This points to a quite restricted spatial influence of the Early Slavonic settlements on the vegetation, leading to a relatively low contribution of palynological anthropogenic indicators to the regional pollen rain signal

Interdisciplinary Hillfort Studies at the Daugava River: Merging and Decoding Archaeological, Environmental and Linguistic Data - BEETHOVEN CLASSIC 4, NR 2020/39/G/HS3/01542 (dataset)

The Daugava River is one of most important gateways from the Baltic Sea to the Trans Eastern Europe (e.g. Dnieper R.) waterways and backwards. This is the main reason for its high significance as central trade route. In the long-term perspective, there was being formed a settlement and hillfort system in the Daugava R. valley, that focuses on the use and maintenance of the waterway. The framework of this system is thought to be made up of fortified settlements and hithes, landing places for ships on naturally protected islands and promontories. Archaeological research has traditionally focused on the outstanding fortified sites themselves along the Daugava R. waterway. Other sites that are further away from these points have not been sufficiently investigated, the same is the case with the immediate vicinity of the hillforts. Combining toponymical and archaeological information in the study area is crucial for understanding the whole system of fortified and unfortified sites in the study area along the river valley. Since the archaeological classification and chronological correlation of all sites is fundamental to the project, small scale field archaeological investigations will be carried out if necessary. They involve a combination of archaeological surveying with geomorphological, geoarchaeological and paleoenvironmental studies. It is methodologically important to gain insights through systematic drillings, test pits and reliable dating based on large series of radiocarbon (and if possible dendrochronological) data. The result of the project will be the first systematic compilation of the archaeological sites at the Daugava River, including both known and new generated data in a condensed form. In addition to this, the project focuses on the topographic survey, mapping, and digital modelling of the Daugava waterway, related to its functioning in the Prehistory and early historical times. One outcome of the work will be an atlas, including standardized topographic maps of the archaeological monuments and their immediate surroundings with a special focus on their natural environment, mostly a relation to the river system. The maps will be made according to a consistent methodology, using modern technologies and data management systems, and will be supplemented by cartographic and visual materials of the 17th-20th centuries AD, and also by the results of palaeogeographical reconstructions. Furthermore, the inclusion of minimally invasive archaeological fieldwork and analysis of archive material allows to present settlement spatial analysis as part of the Atlas. They, in turn, will be the starting point for comparative studies in the wider Baltic Sea region. Therefore, the aim of the project is to create a consistent basis for further comprehensive studies as an example of best praxis in a broader, European context.National Science Center - BEETHOVEN CLASSIC 4 - announced on 2020-09-15, NR 2020/39/G/HS3/01542