Plant growth regulators for cotton (1994)

Several new plant growth regulators have come on the market for use in cotton in recent years. These plant growth regulators have given growers a new opportunity to influence cotton growth to their advantage. However, this opportunity goes only as far as the ability of the grower to understand and use them properly.David W. Albers (State Extension Specialist-Cotton, Delta Center), C. Tim Schnakenberg (Mississippi County)New March 1994Includes bibliographical reference

Fescue seed and forage planning budget

Using this planning budget, farmers growing fescue for seed and forage can estimate their costs and returns for 2024. Table 1 presents estimates for established fescue used for seed, hay and grazing purposes. Assumptions were based on price forecasts as of October 2023. Detailed prices and practices are summarized in Tables 2 and 3. The production practices used to develop these cost estimates are common on Missouri farms. Use the “Your estimate” column to plan your operation’s costs and returns for 2024.Written by Ryan Milhollin (Assistant Extension Professor, Agricultural Business and Policy), Drew Kientzy (Research Analyst, Agricultural Business and Policy), C. Tim Schnakenberg (Field Specialist in Agronomy)New 10/2018; Revised 10/202

Alfalfa small bales planning budget

Using this planning budget, farmers growing alfalfa can estimate their costs and returns associated with producing small square bales in 2024. Establishment costs for alfalfa can be found in MU Extension publication G661, Alfalfa Establishment Planning Budget (extension.missouri.edu/g661). Table 1 presents estimates for established Roundup Ready [trademark symbol] alfalfa with small bale production. Assumptions were based on price forecasts as of October 2023. Detailed prices and practices are summarized in Tables 2 and 3. The production practices used to develop these cost estimates are common on Missouri farms. Farmers are encouraged to modify this budget based on their circumstances. For example, an alfalfa large round bale planning budget could be developed by modifying machinery activities and hay sales. Use the “Your estimate” column to plan your operation’s costs and returns for 2024.Written by Ryan Milhollin (Assistant Extension Professor, Agricultural Business and Policy), Drew Kientzy (Research Analyst, Agricultural Business and Policy), C. Tim Schnakenberg (Field Specialist in Agronomy)New 10/2018; Revised 10/202

Corn silage planning budget

Using this planning budget, farmers growing corn silage can estimate their costs and returns for 2024. Table 1 presents estimates for corn silage production in Missouri. Assumptions were based on price forecasts as of October 2023. Detailed prices and practices are summarized in Tables 2 and 3. The production practices used to develop these cost estimates are common on Missouri farms. Use the “Your estimate” column to plan your operation’s costs and returns for 2024.Written by Ryan Milhollin (Assistant Extension Professor, Agricultural Business and Policy), Drew Kientzy (Research Analyst, Agricultural Business and Policy), C. Tim Schnakenberg (Field Specialist in Agronomy)New 10/2018; Revised 10/202

Alfalfa baleage planning budget

Using this planning budget, farmers growing alfalfa for baleage can estimate their costs and returns for 2024. Establishment costs for alfalfa can be found in MU Extension publication, G661, Alfalfa Establishment Planning Budget (extension.missouri.edu/g661). Table 1 presents estimates for established Roundup Ready [registered trademark] alfalfa baleage production in Missouri. Assumptions were based on price forecasts as of October 2023. Detailed prices and practices are summarized in Tables 2 and 3. The production practices used to develop this budget are common in Missouri. Use the “Your estimate” column to plan your operation’s costs and returns for 2024.Written by Ryan Milhollin (Assistant Extension Professor, Agricultural Business and Policy), Drew Kientzy (Research Analyst, Agricultural Business and Policy), C. Tim Schnakenberg (Field Specialist in Agronomy)New 10/2018; Revised 10/202

Entropy production for mechanically or chemically driven biomolecules

Entropy production along a single stochastic trajectory of a biomolecule is discussed for two different sources of non-equilibrium. For a molecule manipulated mechanically by an AFM or an optical tweezer, entropy production (or annihilation) occurs in the molecular conformation proper or in the surrounding medium. Within a Langevin dynamics, a unique identification of these two contributions is possible. The total entropy change obeys an integral fluctuation theorem and a class of further exact relations, which we prove for arbitrarily coupled slow degrees of freedom including hydrodynamic interactions. These theoretical results can therefore also be applied to driven colloidal systems. For transitions between different internal conformations of a biomolecule involving unbalanced chemical reactions, we provide a thermodynamically consistent formulation and identify again the two sources of entropy production, which obey similar exact relations. We clarify the particular role degenerate states have in such a description

Iron and sulfate reduction structure microbial communities in (sub-)Antarctic sediments

Permanently cold marine sediments are heavily influenced by increased input of iron as a result of accelerated glacial melt, weathering, and erosion. The impact of such environmental changes on microbial communities in coastal sediments is poorly understood. We investigated geochemical parameters that shape microbial community compositions in anoxic surface sediments of four geochemically differing sites (Annenkov Trough, Church Trough, Cumberland Bay, Drygalski Trough) around South Georgia, Southern Ocean. Sulfate reduction prevails in Church Trough and iron reduction at the other sites, correlating with differing local microbial communities. Within the order Desulfuromonadales, the family Sva1033, not previously recognized for being capable of dissimilatory iron reduction, was detected at rather high relative abundances (up to 5%) while other members of Desulfuromonadales were less abundant (<0.6%). We propose that Sva1033 is capable of performing dissimilatory iron reduction in sediment incubations based on RNA stable isotope probing. Sulfate reducers, who maintain a high relative abundance of up to 30% of bacterial 16S rRNA genes at the iron reduction sites, were also active during iron reduction in the incubations. Thus, concurrent sulfate reduction is possibly masked by cryptic sulfur cycling, i.e., reoxidation or precipitation of produced sulfide at a small or undetectable pool size. Our results show the importance of iron and sulfate reduction, indicated by ferrous iron and sulfide, as processes that shape microbial communities and provide evidence for one of Sva1033’s metabolic capabilities in permanently cold marine sediments