Sociedade civil brasileira e cooperação sul-sul para o desenvolvimento : estudo de caso da presença da Viva Rio no Haiti

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, 2013.No trabalho utilizam-se dois conceitos, o de Cooperação Sul-Sul para o Desenvolvimento (CSSD) e o de Organização para o Desenvolvimento Não Governamental (ODNG), para analisar a participação da Sociedade Civil Brasileira na Cooperação Sul-Sul para o Desenvolvimento. Para tanto, escolhe-se o estudo de caso da atuação da ONG Viva Rio no Haiti, com vistas a compreender as interações sociais e a maneira pela qual a sociedade civil brasileira tem participado deste fenômeno. Afirma-se que o caso em tela apresenta-se como um caso notório da sociedade civil brasileira atuando na Cooperação Sul-Sul para o Desenvolvimento. Entretanto, no que tange ao aspecto da internacionalização de suas atividades e a sua presença em outros países, ainda um caso desviante quando comparado a outras ODNGs brasileiras tendo em vista a reduzida, porém crescente, presença destas organizações na Cooperação Sul-Sul para o Desenvolvimento. Ao resgatar as formas pelas quais o Governo Nacional, as Organizações Internacionais, as corporações transnacionais e ODNGs do norte interagem com as ODNGs do Sul Global, toma-se claro que a prática na sociedade civil ainda é tímida em função da incipiente internacionalização da própria sociedade e do governo brasileiro, em detrimento dos estímulos, atual, de agências externas àquela. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTIn this piece, we use two concepts we use two concepts: that of the South-South Cooperation for Development (CSSD) and that of Non-Governmental Developmental Organization (ODNGs), to analyze the participation of the Brazilian Civil Society in South-South Development Cooperation. To do so, we choose the case study of the performance of the NGO Viva Rio in Haiti, in order to understand the social interaction and the way in which the Brazilian civil society participated in this phenomenon. It is stated that the case in question presents itself as a markable case of Brazilian Civil Society working on the South-South Cooperation for Development, by still a deviant case when compared to other Brazilian ODNGs – regarding the aspect of internationalization of their activities and their presence in another nation- since the reduced, though growing, presence of these organizations in South-South Cooperation for Development. By rescuing the ways in which the National Government, International Organizations, transnational corporations and Northern Non-Governmental Development Organization interact with NGOs in the Global South, it becomes clear that the practice in civil society is still limited due to the incipient internationalization of Brazilian society itself and the government, even over the stimuli of foreign agencies

Treinamento cognitivo para crianças e adolescentes com transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade como tratamento complementar aos psicoestimulantes : estudo de viabilidade e descrição de protocolo

Background: Cognitive training has received increasing attention as a non-pharmacological approach for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Few studies have assessed cognitive training as add-on treatment to medication in randomized placebo controlled trials. The purpose of this preliminary study was to explore the feasibility of implementing a computerized cognitive training program for ADHD in our environment, describe its main characteristics and potential efficacy in a small pilot study. Methods: Six ADHD patients aged 10-12-years old receiving stimulants and presenting residual symptoms were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial to either a standard cognitive training program or a controlled placebo condition for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was core ADHD symptoms measured using the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionnaire (SNAP-IV scale). Results: We faced higher resistance than expected to patient enrollment due to logistic issues to attend face-to-face sessions in the hospital and to fill the requirement of medication status and absence of some comorbidities. Both groups showed decrease in parent reported ADHD symptoms without statistical difference between them. In addition, improvements on neuropsychological tests were observed in both groups – mainly on trained tasks. Conclusions: This protocol revealed the need for new strategies to better assess the effectiveness of cognitive training such as the need to implement the intervention in a school environment to have an assessment with more external validity. Given the small sample size of this pilot study, definitive conclusions on the effects of cognitive training as add-on treatment to stimulants would be premature.Introdução: O treinamento cognitivo tem recebido atenção especial como abordagem não medicamentosa para o tratamento do transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) em crianças e adolescentes. Poucos estudos avaliaram o treinamento cognitivo como abordagem complementar à medicação em ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados por placebo. O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar a viabilidade para a implementação de um programa de treinamento cognitivo computadorizado, descrever suas características principais e potencial eficácia em um pequeno estudo piloto. Métodos: Seis pacientes com TDAH entre 10-12 anos de idade, em uso de psicoestimulantes e apresentando sintomas residuais, foram recrutados e randomizados para um dos dois grupos (treinamento cognitivo ou placebo) por 12 semanas. O desfecho principal foram os sintomas nucleares do TDAH avaliados através do Questionário de Swanson, Nolan e Pelham (SNAP-IV). Resultados: Encontramos maior resistência do que a esperada no recrutamento dos pacientes em função de problemas logísticos para atender às sessões presenciais no hospital assim como para preencherem os critérios de status medicamentoso e ausência de algumas comorbidades. Ambos os grupos apresentaram diminuição nos escores dos sintomas de TDAH reportados pelos pais, mas sem diferença estatística entre eles. Além disso, foi observada melhora nos testes neuropsicológicos em ambos os grupos – principalmente nas tarefas treinadas pelo programa. Conclusão: Este protocolo revelou a necessidade de novas estratégias para melhor avaliar a eficácia do treinamento cognitivo tal como a necessidade de implementar a intervenção no ambiente escolar a fim de obter uma avaliação com maior validade externa. Devido ao pequeno tamanho amostral deste estudo, conclusões definitivas sobre os efeitos do treinamento cognitivo como abordagem complementar aos psicoestimulantes seriam prematuras

CLOCK polymorphisms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) : further evidence linking sleep and circadian disturbances and ADHD

Circadian and sleep disorders, short sleep duration, and evening chronotype are often present in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). CLOCK, considered the master gene in the circadian rhythm, has been explored by few studies. Understanding the relationship between ADHD and CLOCK may provide additional information to understand the correlation between ADHD and sleep problems. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between ADHD and CLOCK, using several genetic markers to comprehensively cover the gene extension. A total of 259 ADHD children and their parents from a Brazilian clinical sample were genotyped for eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CLOCK locus. We tested the individual markers and the haplotype effects using binary logistic regression. Binary logistic and linear regressions considering ADHD symptoms among ADHD cases were conducted as secondary analysis. As main result, the analysis showed a risk effect of the G-A-T-G-G-C-G-A (rs534654, rs1801260, rs6855837, rs34897046, rs11931061, rs3817444, rs4864548, rs726967) haplotype on ADHD. A suggestive association between ADHD and rs534654 was observed. The results suggest that the genetic susceptibility to circadian rhythm attributed to the CLOCK gene may play an important role on ADHD

Protocolos de regulação ambulatorial : urologia adulto

Telemedicin

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states