Deep metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses of microbial communities affiliated with an industrial biogas fermenter, a cow rumen, and elephant feces reveal major differences in carbohydrate hydrolysis strategies

Additional file 4. Compressed rar file containing the bins generated from the biogas fermenter metagenome, part 4 of 4

Auskunft ist Jazz : Projektbericht zur Erstellung eines Lehrfilms zum Auskunftsinterview in Bibliotheken ; Lehrveranstaltung BBPD1 Projekt Auskunftsinterview des Bachelorstudiengangs Bibliothekswesen im Wintersemester 2013/14 und Sommersemester 2014

„Auskunft ist Jazz – Das bibliothekarische Auskunftsinterview“ wurde als Lehrfilm im Rahmen eines Studienprojekts des Studiengangs Bibliothekswesen der FH Köln im Wintersemester 2013/14 und im Sommersemester 2014 durch eine studentische Arbeitsgruppe unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Hermann Rösch konzipiert und hergestellt. Der hier vorliegende Bericht bietet detaillierte Informationen zur Entstehung und Durchführung des Projekts von der ersten Idee bis zum fertigen Film. Im Anhang werden darüber hinaus unter anderem das Drehbuch und das Storyboard des Films zur Verfügung gestellt. „Auskunft ist Jazz – Das bibliothekarische Auskunftsinterview“ zeigt sämtliche Aspekte des Auskunftsinterviews anhand eines beispielhaften Szenarios, in dem die Schülerin Clarissa auf der Suche nach Informationen für ihre Facharbeit an der Auskunftstheke der Bibliothekarin Nadine begegnet. In jeweils negativen und positiven Varianten werden anhand des folgenden Auskunftsgesprächs die Erzeugung der Grundstimmung zu Anfang, die Ermittlung des Informationsbedarfs mit Hilfe geeigneter Fragetechniken, die gemeinsame Recherche und die Qualitätskontrolle durch das Follow-up zum Abschluss gezeigt. Zwischen den Szenen sorgt ein Moderator erklärend für Orientierung und es werden weitere unterhaltsame und lehrreiche Szenen aus dem bibliothekarischen Alltag gezeigt. Darüber hinaus geht der Film auch auf schwierige Phänomene wie großer Andrang und ungeduldige Nutzer an der Auskunftstheke ein. Sämtliche Aufgaben bei der Planung und Herstellung des Films wurden arbeitsteilig durch ein Drehbuchteam, ein Technikteam und ein Organisationsteam erfüllt. Die Herausforderung für die Mitglieder der verschiedenen Teams bestand neben der Aneignung spezialisierter Fähigkeiten in den jeweiligen Arbeitsbereichen besonders in der Kooperation und Koordination des komplexen Gesamtprojekts. Das Zusammenspiel bei gleichzeitiger Spezialisierung machte den für alle Beteiligten hochinteressanten und lehrreichen Charakter des Projekts aus. Nachdem der Film am 12. Juni 2014 im Rahmen einer Premierenfeier am Institut für Informationswissenschaften der Fachhochschule Köln vorgestellt wurde, steht er nun auf Youtube der Öffentlichkeit zur Verfügung. Zusätzlich zum eigentlichen Lehrfilm wurde noch ein Zusammenschnitt des positiven Interviews im Zusammenhang und eine Checkliste mit den wichtigsten Stichworten zum Auskunftsinterview veröffentlicht. Eingesetzt werden soll der Film in universitärer Lehre sowie bibliothekarischer Aus- und Fortbildung. Alle drei Variationen sind unter einer Creative Commons-Namensnennung-Nicht kommerziell-4.0-International-Lizenz veröffentlicht und stehen somit für die freie und nichtkommerziellen Verwendung zur Verfügung

Sustainability in a changing world: integrating human health and wellbeing, urbanisation, and ecosystem services

There is an urgent need to address interlinked sustainability issues in a world challenged by inequality, finite resources and unprecedented changes across Earth’s systems. As Future Earth Fellows, based on our collective expertise in a diverse range of sustainability issues, here we identify a specific need to recognise and respond appropriately to the nexus between human health and wellbeing, urbanisation, and ecosystem services (the ‘WUE nexus’). This nexus is a priority area for research, policy and practice. In particular, it provides a useful pathway to meet the challenges of successful implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this brief, we present the following policy recommendations:1. By emphasising urban-rural linkages, foster an integrated approach to ensure food security, food safety, and health promotion;2. Secure resilient livelihoods for all, in particular for vulnerable groups; and3. Integrate co-production of knowledge in science for decision-making, including the co-design of implementation frameworks, and the adoption of a nexus approach.<br/

Successive Cambia: A Developmental Oddity or an Adaptive Structure?

BackgroundSecondary growth by successive cambia is a rare phenomenon in woody plant species. Only few plant species, within different phylogenetic clades, have secondary growth by more than one vascular cambium. Often, these successive cambia are organised concentrically. In the mangrove genus Avicennia however, the successive cambia seem to have a more complex organisation. This study aimed (i) at understanding the development of successive cambia by giving a three-dimensional description of the hydraulic architecture of Avicennia and (ii) at unveiling the possible adaptive nature of growth by successive cambia through a study of the ecological distribution of plant species with concentric internal phloem.ResultsAvicennia had a complex network of non-cylindrical wood patches, the complexity of which increased with more stressful ecological conditions. As internal phloem has been suggested to play a role in water storage and embolism repair, the spatial organisation of Avicennia wood could provide advantages in the ecologically stressful conditions species of this mangrove genus are growing in. Furthermore, we could observe that 84.9% of the woody shrub and tree species with concentric internal phloem occurred in either dry or saline environments strengthening the hypothesis that successive cambia provide the necessary advantages for survival in harsh environmental conditions.ConclusionsSuccessive cambia are an ecologically important characteristic, which seems strongly related with water-limited environments

Critical review on a sustainable circular bio-economy for the forestry sector = Zirkuläre Bioökonomie in der Forst- und Holzwirtschaft für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung - Eine wissenschaftliche Einordnung

There is a need for economic restructuring (also called transformation) to safeguard our natural resources, which our economy relies upon. To address global challenges in the use of bio-resources, the three dimensions of sustainable development need to be accounted for: environmental, social, economic. System thinking is the foundation of a sustainable circular bio-economy. Having the entire forestry sector, which is the entire forest product value system, in view is needed to (i) enable biomass use in a series, and to (ii) manage conflicts over the various forest demands. Sustainable resource allocation depends on the context. To implement a sustainable circular bio-economy there is no one best option. Depending on the given situation, there are various resource value retention (R) strategies that can be combined in various cascades. The literature studied for this report, recommends governments to better coordinate policies, within and across domains, to drive the transition to a sustainable circular bio-economy. The focus should be on reducing waste instead of on managing waste, using market incentives and targets. Businesses are advised to integrate technological innovations in circular business models, based on a diversity of products and partners for an increased resilience. Innovations should focus on extending product and resource life-time for maximal resource valorisation. Researchers could speed up innovations through the collection of data across the complex supply chain network, and by coordinating research across disciplines. A transition towards a sustainable circular bio-economy can bring many potential benefits. Resource value retention strategies, enabling wood use in multi-stage cascades can secure jobs, resource supply as well as healthy ecosystems. The biggest hindrance for action, so far, is the not well thought out path. Therefore, this report ends with a guide to start discussions, across the forestry sector, on all practicalities and consequences of a transition. Only in this way, the concrete meaning of a transition for forest resource supply and use can become clear, opening the way for action plans

Light-dependent maintenance of hydraulic function in mangrove branches: Do xylary chloroplasts play a role in embolism repair?

To clarify the role of branch photosynthesis in tree functioning, the presence and function of chloroplasts in branch xylem tissue were studied in a diverse range of mangrove species growing in Australia. • The presence of xylary chloroplasts was obser

How are anatomical and hydraulic features of the mangroves Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata influenced by siltation?

Elevated sediment addition, or siltation, within mangrove ecosystems is considered as being negative for trees and saplings, resulting in stress and higher mortality rates. However, little is known about how siltation influences the hydraulic functioning of mangrove trees. Comparing two mangrove tree species (Avicennia marina Vierh. Forsk. and Rhizophora mucronata Lam.) from low and high-siltation plots led to the detection of anatomical and morphological differences and tendencies. Adaptations to high siltation were found to be either mutual among both species, e.g., significant smaller single leaf area (p A.marina = 0.058, F1.38 = 3.8; p R.mucronata = 0.005, F1.38 = 8.7; n = 20 × 20) and a tendency towards smaller stomatal areas (p A.marina = 0.131, F1.8 = 2.8; p R.mucronata = 0.185, F1.8 = 2.1, n = 5 × 60), or species-specific trends for A. marina, such as higher phloem band/growth layer ratios (p = 0.101, F1.8 = 3.4, n = 5 × 3) and stomatal density (p = 0.052, F1.8 = 5.2, n = 5 × 4). All adaptations seemingly contributed to a comparable hydraulic conductivity independent of the degree of siltation. These findings indicate that silted trees level off fluctuations in their hydraulic performance as a survival mechanism to cope with this less favourable environment. Most of the trees’ structural adaptations to cope with siltation are similar to known drought stress-imposed adaptations

Differential responses of the mangrove Avicennia marina to salinity and abscisic acid

Salinisation of the soil can cause plant water deficits, ion and nutrient imbalances and toxic reactions. The halophyte, Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., is a mangrove that tolerates a wide range of soil salinities. In order to understand how salinity affects plant growth and functioning and how salinity responses are influenced by the water deficit signalling hormone abscisic acid (ABA) we grew A. marina seedlings under two non-growth limiting salinities: 60% seawater and 90% seawater and with and without exogenously supplied ABA. We measured growth, photosynthesis, sap flow, aquaporin gene expression, hydraulic anatomy and nutrient status as well as sap ABA concentrations. ABA addition resulted in a drought phenotype (reduced sap flow, transpiration rates and photosynthesis and increased water use efficiency and aquaporin expression). In contrast, growth in high salinity did not lead to responses that are typical for water deficits, but rather, could be characterised as drought avoidance strategies (no reduction in sap flow, transpiration rates and photosynthesis and reduced aquaporin expression). Tissue nutrient concentrations were higher in seedlings grown at high salinities. We did not find evidence for a role for ABA in the mangrove salinity response, suggesting ABA is not produced directly in response to high concentrations of NaCl ions

Influence of a Salinity Gradient on the Vessel Characters of the Mangrove Species Rhizophora mucronata

• Background and Aims Although mangroves have been extensively studied, little is known about their ecological wood anatomy. This investigation examined the potential use of vessel density as a proxy for soil water salinity in the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata (Rhizophoraceae) from Kenya

The impact of traumatic childhood experiences on interoception: disregarding one’s own body

Background Deficient interoception, the processing and perception of internal bodily signals, has been discussed as a mechanism underlying various mental disorders. First results indicate a mediating role of interoception in the interplay of traumatic childhood experiences and adult mental disorders. Traumatic childhood experiences may hinder the adequate processing, integration, and trust in bodily signals that are important in order to understand and regulate own needs and emotions, thereby increasing the vulnerability for mental disorders. However, an overarching study investigating alterations in different interoceptive measures and trauma-related disorders as well as their mediating role between early trauma and emotion dysregulation is still missing. Methods One hundred thirty-six individuals with varying levels of traumatic childhood experiences who either had a current diagnosis of major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, or somatic symptom disorder, or no mental disorder, took part in a multidimensional assessment of interoceptive processes, including interoceptive accuracy, sensibility, and awareness. Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare groups regarding interoceptive processes and associations with traumatic childhood experiences and emotion dysregulation were analyzed with Spearman correlations. Furthermore, mediation analyses were computed to examine and compare interoceptive processes as potential mediators between traumatic childhood experiences and emotion dysregulation. Results Only body dissociation, a measure for interoceptive sensibility, was significantly reduced in individuals with a current mental disorder. Body dissociation was also the only interoceptive measure significantly associated with traumatic childhood experiences and emotion dysregulation and the only significant mediator in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and emotion dysregulation across groups. Conclusion Results suggest body dissociation, but not other interoceptive measures, as an important feature linking traumatic childhood experiences to current emotion dysregulation, an important transdiagnostic feature. As body dissociation refers to a habitual non-attendance or disregard of interoceptive signals, integrative therapeutic interventions could help affected individuals to overcome difficulties in emotion perception and regulation