Impact of hot-carrier degradation on the low-frequency noise in MOSFETs under steady-state and periodic large-signal excitation

This letter reports the diagnostic power of the low-frequency noise analysis (steady-state and periodic large-signal excitation) in MOSFETs subjected to hot-carrier degradation. The LF noise under periodic large-signal excitation is shown to increase more rapidly than the LF noise in steady-state. Moreover the improvement in the LF noise performance due to periodic large-signal excitation, observed for fresh devices, gradually diminishes as the devices are subjected to hot-carrier stress

Optimized reflector stacks for solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave resonators

The quality factor (Q) of a solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave resonator (SMR) is limited by substrate losses, because the acoustic mirror is traditionally optimized to reflect longitudinal waves only. We propose two different design approaches derived from optics to tailor the acoustic mirror for effective reflection of both longitudinal and shear waves. The first one employs the stopband theory in optics; the second one takes advantage of the periodic nature of reflection spectra in a Bragg reflector: the diffraction grating design approach. The optimized design using stopband theory reaches a calculated minimum transmission of −25 dB and −20 dB at resonance frequency for longitudinal and shear waves, respectively, for various practical reflector material combinations. Using the diffraction grating approach, a near quarter-wave performance is maintained for longitudinal waves, whereas shear waves reach minimum transmission below −26 dB. However, this design does necessitate relatively thick layers. The experimental results show good agreement with finite element models (FEM).\ud The extracted 1-D Q for the realized shear optimized devices was increased to around 3300.\u

Spielbasierte Kompetenzentwicklung für bildungsbenachteiligte Jugendliche

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit den Möglichkeiten der spielbasierten Vermittlung von Wissen für bildungsbenachteiligte Jugendliche am Beispiel des Projektes SpITKom (Spielerische Vermittlung von IT-Kompetenz für benachteiligte Jugendliche zwischen Schule und Ausbildung). Der Beitrag verdeutlicht, wie medienpädagogische Forschung schon vor Beginn des eigentlichen Produktionsprozesses zur zielgruppengerechten Entwicklung von Computerlernspielen beitragen kann. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung des Projektansatzes werden im Folgenden die zentralen Ergebnisse einer Studie präsentiert, die in den ersten sechs Monaten des Projektes (a) die Computerspielpräferenzen der Zielgruppe, und (b) ihre Kompetenzen im Umgang mit Computerspielen erhoben hat. Im Anschluss daran werden die daraus abgeleiteten Empfehlungen an das Projekt vorgestellt sowie das Spielkonzept kurz skizziert

Recurrent boosting effects of short inactivity delays on performance: an ERPs study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recent studies investigating off-line processes of consolidation in motor learning have demonstrated a sudden, short-lived improvement in performance after 5–30 minutes of post-training inactivity. Here, we investigated further this behavioral boost in the context of the probabilistic serial reaction time task, a paradigm of implicit sequence learning. We looked both at the electrophysiological correlates of the boost effect and whether this phenomenon occurs at the initial training session only.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Reaction times consistently improved after a 30-minute break within two sessions spaced four days apart, revealing the reproducibility of the boost effect. Importantly, this improvement was unrelated to the acquisition of the sequential regularities in the material. At both sessions, event-related potentials (ERPs) analyses disclosed a boost-associated increased amplitude of a first negative component, and shorter latencies for a second positive component.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Behavioral and ERP data suggest increased processing fluency after short delays, which may support transitory improvements in attentional and/or motor performance and participate in the final setting up of the neural networks involved in the acquisition of novel skills.</p

Impact of robot antenna calibration on dual-frequency smartphone-based high-accuracy positioning: a case study using the Huawei Mate20X

The access to Android-based Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) raw measurements has become a strong motivation to investigate the feasibility of smartphone-based positioning. Since the beginning of this research, the smartphone GNSS antenna has been recognized as one of the main limitations. Besides multipath (MP), the radiation pattern of the antenna is the main site-dependent error source of GNSS observations. An absolute antenna calibration has been performed for the dual-frequency Huawei Mate20X. Antenna phase center offset (PCO) and variations (PCV) have been estimated to correct for antenna impact on the L1 and L5 phase observations. Accordingly, we show the relevance of considering the individual PCO and PCV for the two frequencies. The PCV patterns indicate absolute values up to 2 cm and 4 cm for L1 and L5, respectively. The impact of antenna corrections has been assessed in different multipath environments using a high-accuracy positioning algorithm employing an undifferenced observation model and applying ambiguity resolution. Successful ambiguity resolution is shown for a smartphone placed in a low multipath environment on the ground of a soccer field. For a rooftop open-sky test case with large multipath, ambiguity resolution was successful in 19 out of 35 data sets. Overall, the antenna calibration is demonstrated being an asset for smartphone-based positioning with ambiguity resolution, showing cm-level 2D root mean square error (RMSE)

Stand zur IT-Sicherheit deutscher Stromnetzbetreiber : technischer Bericht

Innerhalb des Forschungsprojektes „Sichere Informationsnetze bei kleinen und mittleren Energieversorgern“ (SIDATE) wurde eine Umfrage zum Stand der IT-Sicherheit bei deutschen Stromnetzbetreibern durchgeführt. Das Projekt selbst beschäftigt sich mit der Informations- Sicherheit bei kleinen und mittleren Energieversorgern. Zur Durchführung der Umfrage wurden alle 881 im August 2016 bei der Bundesnetzagentur gelisteten Betreiber angeschrieben. In dem Umfragezeitraum vom 1. September 2016 bis zum 15. Oktober 2016 antworten 61 (6.9%) der Betreiber. Der Fragebogen fokussiert die Umsetzung der rechtlichen Anforderungen und die Implementierung eines Informationssicherheitsmanagementsystems (ISMS). Weiterhin wurden Fragen zu dem Leitsystem, Netzaufbau, Prozessen, organisatorischen Strukturen und der Büro-IT gestellt