Performance Evaluation of Open Graded Base Course with Doweled and Non-Doweled Transverse Joints

The objectives of this study were to investigate the performance of 20-year old doweled/non-doweled and dense-graded/permeable base test sections on three concrete pavement segments in Wisconsin: USH 18/151 in Iowa and Dane counties, STH 29 in Brown County, and USH 151 in Columbia and Dane Counties. Five pavement bases were placed including: dense graded, asphalt-stabilized permeable, cement-stabilized permeable, and untreated permeable having two gradation sizes. USH 18/151 test sections had similar performance (PDI) for doweled unsealed pavement on dense and permeable base. Distresses common to all segments included slight to moderate distressed joints/cracks and slight transverse faulting. Asphalt-stabilized permeable base had no slab breakup or surface distresses, however it measured a greater severity of distressed joints and cracks. Non-doweled sections having asphalt-stabilized permeable base and Transverse Inter Channel drains had better performance and ride than the other non-doweled sections. IRI was generally higher on non-doweled pavements, but many doweled sections had an equal roughness to non-doweled sections. Sealed non-doweled joints produced a better performing pavement, however, sealant did not appear to improve ride. STH 29 unsealed sections performed better than the median PDI for the sealed sections. The sealed doweled pavement did perform a little better than the non-doweled section, but the opposite occurred on the non-doweled sections. Sealed doweled joints had a smoother ride than the other combinations. USH 151 test sections found the finer-graded New Jersey permeable base had the smoothest ride when compared to other permeable sections. Asphalt-stabilized permeable base had the roughest ride, and unstabilized and cement-stabilized permeable bases had intermediate values. The average hydraulic conductivity for the unstabilized permeable base was 17,481 feet per day and there appears little variation due to doweling or joint sealant. Deflection load transfer results indicate expected high average values for the doweled sections and fair to poor values for the non-doweled sections. Slab support ratios indicate variable results based on base type and joint reinforcement/sealant. Life-cycle cost analysis found dense-graded base was the least cost among all base alternatives, with a total estimated present-worth life-cycle cost of $665,133 per roadway mile. Untreated and asphalt-stabilized permeable bases were more expensive by 13% and 27%, respectively. Other factors in selecting dense-graded base over permeable base include project drainage conditions set forth in the FDM guidelines an anticipated increase in pavement surface roughness

A grammar sketch of Kinamayo

Kinamayo (Kamayo) is an Austronesian language spoken on the eastern part of the island of Mindanao, Philippines. This thesis presents a grammar sketch of the case system, a preliminary analysis of the voice system, reference phrase structure, and verb tense, modality, and aspect. The theoretical framework used for this analysis is Role and Reference Grammar. Within this framework, Kamayo is best analyzed as a symmetrical voice language in addition to having an antipassive voice. The case system of active and stative verbs observed in Kamayo supports this analysis. Reference phrases are marked by case, which helps identify syntactic arguments and semantic roles in a clause. The verb system consists of tense, aspect, and modal affixes that mark the verb. An aim of this grammar sketch is to provide publicly available data on the Kamayo language and lay a foundation for further grammar analysis of Kamayo

Population ecology of the littoral fringe gastropod Littorina planaxis in Northern California

Life history patterns of individual organisms are the result of natural selection and should be correlated with particular physical and biological characteristics of habitats in which they live. The littoral fringe is known to be the most severe physical habitat in the intertidal zone, and it is expected that organisms in it should have population characteristics associated with selective response to physical adversity rather than biological interaction. Ecological studies of populations of Littorina planaxis were made in the Dillon Beach and Bodega Head areas. The study localities differed principally in extent of wave exposure rather than geographical location

Employment Changes Play Major Role in Access to Employer Health Coverage

Highlights findings on the factors that drive short-term changes in employer-sponsored health insurance coverage, including the rising cost of health insurance and changes in employment rates and availability of better jobs during macroeconomic cycles

Oficina: estruturas recíprocas - o uso do Bambu como material construtivo

Anais do 35º Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul - Área temática: Meio Ambiente, Tecnologia e ProduçãoO programa de extensão “Técnicas de bioconstrução aplicadas ao contexto regional” tem como objetivo inserir a temática bioconstrução no contexto acadêmico através de discussões teóricas e atividades práticas colaborativas. Busca-se incentivar o uso de técnicas e materiais alternativos visando a maior sustentabilidade na construção civil. Assim, o programa propõe para o 35o SEURS uma oficina para execução de uma cúpula geodésica de vigas recíprocas de frequência 2 e raio 2,5 metros fazendo uso do bambu, material escolhido por ser ecológico e alternativo às soluções convencionais disponibilizadas pelo mercado. A oficina parte de uma explanação teórica sobre a estrutura e a posterior execução da mesma. O material didático será disponibilizado pelo grupo a todos os participantes. A estrutura geodésica é uma cúpula treliçada de superfície esférica com planta baixa circular. Nesta oficina, a cúpula geodésica será associada ao sistema de vigas recíprocas (onde a estrutura precisa de apoio mútuo entre suas partes para que possa se sustentar). As cúpulas geodésicas são uma forma bastante eficiente para a cobertura de grandes vãos por possuírem maior volume interno com a menor cobertura externa possível, devido ao seu formato aproximado de uma esfera. Ao final da oficina pretende-se que os participantes tenham compreendido o funcionamento da estrutura geodésica, aliando conceitos teóricos à execução prátic

Exploring Identity Through Genetic and Genealogical Research: Development of a Collaborative Course Between Humanities and Biology

In this paper, data from student projects completed in their HONR 1000N: Genetics and Genealogy course, taught during winter 2010, are presented. Students traced their deep ancestry through mitochondrial and Y-chromosome DNA analysis, as well as more recent ancestry, using genealogical databases and family histories. Frequently, students were challenged or pleasantly surprised by the information they gleaned. Genetic and genealogical research can provide clues to one’s identity and ethnic background, as well as potential medical conditions

Commercial pesticide applicator training sessions for spring 2005

With the arrival of Asian soybean rust in this country, many commercial applicators are adding agricultural diseases (category 1C) to their certification so that they can apply fungicides. Most agricultural commercial applicators are certified in Ag Weeds (category 1A), and many are certified in Ag Insects (category 1B), but not very many are certified in Ag Diseases (category 1C)