5,198 research outputs found
Single-spin asymmetries in the leptoproduction of transversely polarized hyperons
We analyze single-spin asymmetries (SSAs) in the leptoproduction of
transversely polarized hyperons within the collinear twist-3
formalism. We calculate both the distribution and fragmentation terms in two
different gauges (lightcone and Feynman) and show that the results are
identical. This is the first time that the fragmentation piece has been
analyzed for transversely polarized hadron production within the collinear
twist-3 framework. In lightcone gauge we use the same techniques that were
employed in computing the analogous piece in , which
has become an important part to that reaction. With this in mind, we also
verify the gauge invariance of the formulas for the transverse SSA in the
leptoproduction of pions.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, reference added, version to appear in Phys. Lett.
Longitudinal-transverse double-spin asymmetries in single-inclusive leptoproduction of hadrons
We analyze the longitudinal-transverse double-spin asymmetry in
lepton-nucleon collisions where a single hadron is detected in the final state,
i.e., . This is a subleading-twist
observable in collinear factorization, and we look at twist-3 effects in both
the transversely polarized nucleon and the unpolarized outgoing hadron. Results
are anticipated for this asymmetry from both HERMES and Jefferson Lab Hall A,
and it could be measured as well at COMPASS and a future Electron-Ion Collider.
We also perform a numerical study of the distribution term, which, when
compared to upcoming experimental results, could allow one to learn about the
"worm-gear"-type function as well as assess the role of
quark-gluon-quark correlations in the initial-state nucleon and twist-3 effects
in the fragmenting unpolarized hadron.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, minor changes to the text, version to appear in
Phys. Lett.
Twist-2 Generalized TMDs and the Spin/Orbital Structure of the Nucleon
Generalized transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions (GTMDs) encode
the most general parton structure of hadrons. Here we focus on two twist-2
GTMDs which are denoted by and in parts of the literature.
As already shown previously, both GTMDs have a close relation to orbital
angular momentum of partons inside a hadron. However, recently even the mere
existence of and has been doubted. We explain why this
claim does not hold. We support our model-independent considerations by
calculating the two GTMDs in the scalar diquark model and in the quark-target
model, where we also explicitly check the relation to orbital angular momentum.
In addition, we compute and at large transverse momentum in
perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics and show that they are nonzero.Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures; two clarifications and a reference added;
version to appear in Phys. Rev.
A Geometric Model for Odd Differential K-theory
Odd -theory has the interesting property that it admits an infinite number
of inequivalent differential refinements. In this paper we provide a bundle
theoretic model for odd differential -theory using the caloron
correspondence and prove that this refinement is unique up to a unique natural
isomorphism. We characterise the odd Chern character and its transgression form
in terms of a connection and Higgs field and discuss some applications. Our
model can be seen as the odd counterpart to the Simons-Sullivan construction of
even differential -theory. We use this model to prove a conjecture of
Tradler-Wilson-Zeinalian regarding a related differential extension of odd
-theoryComment: 36 page
The Synthesis and Characterization of Glycol Nucleic Acids
A project was undertaken to elucidate the properties of the simplified glycol nucleic acid (GNA). GNA is novel in the fact that nucleic acid duplexes composed entirely of GNA show thermal stabilities that are superior to those of analogous DNA or RNA duplexes. Furthermore, GNA has been shown to pair with complementary sequences of RNA, but not with DNA.
The first step towards understanding the thermal stabilities of GNA duplexes is the development of a straightforward synthesis of the phosphoramidites for solid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Chapter 2 describes work towards a new set of exocyclic amino protection groups which could be removed in less time and under milder conditions than those previously reported. This new scheme results in a vastly improved synthesis of the individual phosphoramidites and allows for quicker access to the subsequent oligonucleotides.
With easy access to GNA oligonucleotides in hand, the next goal was to use spectroscopy to compare the duplex formation properties with that of DNA as outlined in Chapter 3. These studies pointed to the preorganization of the single strands and increased stacking interactions as the main factors that increase the stability of GNA duplexes.
Although the studies in Chapter 3 present a basic understanding of GNA duplex formation, it did not provide the direct structural insight that was desired. Chapter 4 presents the synthesis and pairing properties of three artificial metal-mediated base pairs in GNA duplexes; one of which was used as a handle in an 8-mer duplex for phasing the crystallographic data, thereby providing the initial structural insight that was desired.
Uncertain as to the extent by which the artificial metal-mediated base pair perturbs the overall structure of GNA, several other structures of GNA duplexes containing exclusively Watson-Crick base pairs are presented in Chapter 5. The most impressive structure of a 6-mer GNA duplex displays many common structural features to that of the 8-mer duplex containing artificial base pairs.
Overall this research has provided insight into the exceptional duplex formation properties of glycol nucleic acids and should provide the basis for future research on the application of GNA duplexes for various biological or technical purposes
Geomagnetic storm effects at F1-layer heights from incoherent scatter observations
International audienceStorm effects at F1-layer heights (160?200 km) were analyzed for the first time using Millstone Hill (mid-latitudes) and EISCAT (auroral zone) incoherent scatter (IS) observations. The morphological study has shown both increases (positive effect) and decreases (negative effect) in electron concentration. Negative storm effects prevail for all seasons and show a larger magnitude than positive ones, the magnitude of the effect normally increasing with height. At Millstone Hill the summer storm effects are small compared to other seasons, but they are well detectable. At EISCAT this summer decrease takes place only with respect to the autumnal period and the autumn/spring asymmetry in the storm effects is well pronounced. Direct and significant correlation exists between deviations in electron concentration at the F1-layer heights and in the F2-layer maximum. Unlike the F2-layer the F1-region demonstrates a relatively small reaction to geomagnetic disturbances despite large perturbations in thermospheric parameters. Aeronomic parameters extracted from IS observations are used to explain the revealed morphology. A competition between atomic and molecular ion contributions to Ne variations was found to be the main physical mechanism controlling the F1-layer storm effect. The revealed morphology is shown to be related with neutral composition (O, O2, N2) seasonal and storm-time variations. The present day understanding of the F1-region formation mechanisms is sufficient to explain the observed storm effects
- …