A Global Protocol on Cybersecurity and Cybercrime: An initiative for peace and security in cyberspace

Cyberspace as the fifth common space after land, sea, air and outer space, is in great need for coordination, cooperation and legal measures among all nations. Peace, justice and security in cyberspace should be protected by international law through a Treaty or a set of treaties under the United Nations. This book includes a proposal for A global Treaty on Cybersecurity and Cybercrime and discusses that the most serious cybercrimes of global concern could be included in the list of crimes within the jurisdiction of The International Criminal Court

Identifying Customer Returns in a Printed Circuit Board Production Line Using the Mahalanobis Distance

This paper discusses as its primary research question the viability of using the Mahalanobis Distance as a multivariate method for detecting outliers in an industrial setting. An algorithm is used to detect future customer returns in a printed circuit board production line situated in Sibiu, Romania. From the literature, there is a lack of methods, tools and guidelines concerning the paradigm of Zero-Defect Manufacturing. The novelty of the method presented includes separation of highly specialized, future outliers from other outliers, and further automation using Python, a Docker container, a graphical user interface, a search-engine and a reporting tool. This allows the method to be used without external assistance. The data used is extracted industrial datasets from Continentals datalake. The algorithm detects 20% of future outliers and has been implemented by Continental. This can possibly be improved by increasing domain knowledge. The generality of the algorithm in principle allows for use at any of Continental’s production lines. There are strong assumptions regarding the requirements for the method, including benefits of employing domain knowledge critical variable identification and detection rate improvements. Further improvements of detection rate are also discussed. The paper concludes that the algorithm can detect a percentage of highly specialized outliers with simple automation in Python, but also acknowledges limitations in terms of increased demands from data quality and domain knowledge

ESAT and M-CHAT as screening instruments for autism spectrum disorders at 18 months in the general population: issues of overlap and association with clinical referrals

Item does not contain fulltextThe Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and the Early Screening of Autistic Traits (ESAT) were designed to screen for autism spectrum disorders in very young children. The aim of this study was to explore proportions of children that screened positive on the ESAT or the M-CHAT and to investigate if screening positive on the ESAT and M-CHAT is associated with clinical referral by 18 months and other aspects of children's development, health, and behavior. In this study, the mothers of 12,948 18-month-old children returned a questionnaire consisting of items from the ESAT and M-CHAT, plus questions about clinical and developmental characteristics. The M-CHAT identified more screen-positive children than the ESAT, but the ESAT was associated with more clinical referrals and tended to identify more children with medical, language, and behavioral problems. A post hoc analysis of combining the two instruments found this to be more effective than the individual instruments alone in identifying children referred to clinical services at 18 months. Further analysis at the level of single items is warranted to improve these screening instruments

Metal Films for MEMS Pressure Sensors: Comparison of Al, Ti, Al-Ti Alloy and Al/Ti Film Stacks

Thermo-mechanical stability of metal structures is one of the key factors affecting accuracy of micro-electromechanical (MEMS) piezoresistive pressure sensors. In this work, we present the measurement results of stress and hysteresis for the following metals deposited in the same sputtering equipment -Al, Ti, Al-Ti alloy and stacks of Al/Ti films-enabling, for the first time, a direct comparison between their thermo-mechanical properties supported with analysis of surface morphology (grain size, hillocks and voids)

The structure of autism spectrum disorder symptoms in the general population at 18 months

Contains fulltext : 115433.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)It is unclear whether symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in young children in the population fit the three-factor structure of ASD as described in the DSM-IV, and cluster together in individual subjects. This study analysed questionnaire data on ASD symptoms filled in by mothers of 11,332 18-month-old children that was collected in the context of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Confirmatory Factor Analyses showed that the three-factor model had a significantly better fit then the two- and one-factor model of ASD symptoms. Latent class analysis revealed four homogeneous groups of children (classes) with different scores for Social Interaction and Communication at one hand and Stereotypies/Rigidity at the other hand

Predicting Literacy Skills at 8 Years From Preschool Language Trajectories: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Purpose This article explored the predictive values of three main language delay (LD) trajectories (i.e., persistent, late onset, and transient) across 3-5 years on poor literacy at 8 years. Additionally, the effect of gender was assessed, using both gender-neutral and gender-specific thresholds. Method The data comprised mother-reported questionnaire data for 8,371 children in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Analyses were conducted using binary logistic regression in SPSS to make predictions about risk. Results LD reported at preschool age was associated with excess risk of poor literacy at 8 years with odds ratios ranging from 3.19 to 9.75 dependent on trajectory, persistent LD being the strongest predictor. The odds ratio of transient LD was similar to that of late-onset LD. Gender was not found to play an important role in the association between oral language and literacy, as the gender difference disappeared when gender-specific deficit criterion was used. Conclusion Our study supports the longitudinal association between preschool oral language and school-aged literacy skills and highlights the importance of different LD trajectories across preschool ages in predicting later literacy. Furthermore, practitioners are recommended to consider gender-specific cutoffs in relation to language and literacy measures

Methods for characterization of wafer-level encapsulation applied on silicon to LTCC anodic bonding

This paper presents initial results on generic characterization methods for wafer-level encapsulation. The methods, developed specifically to evaluate anodic bonding of low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) to Si, are generally applicable to wafer-level encapsulation. Different microelectromechanical system (MEMS) structures positioned over the whole wafer provide local information about the bond quality. The structures include (i) resonating cantilevers as pressure sensors for bond hermeticity, (ii) resonating bridges as stress sensors for measuring the stress induced by the bonding and (iii) frames/mesas for pull tests. These MEMS structures have been designed, fabricated and characterized indicating that local information can easily be obtained. Buried electrodes to enable localized bonding have been implemented and their effectiveness is indicated from first results of the novel Si to LTCC anodic bonding