Reporting guidelines, review of methodological standards, and challenges toward harmonization in bone marrow adiposity research. Report of the Methodologies Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society

The interest in bone marrow adiposity (BMA) has increased over the last decade due to its association with, and potential role, in a range of diseases (osteoporosis, diabetes, anorexia, cancer) as well as treatments (corticosteroid, radiation, chemotherapy, thiazolidinediones). However, to advance the field of BMA research, standardization of methods is desirable to increase comparability of study outcomes and foster collaboration. Therefore, at the 2017 annual BMA meeting, the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) founded a working group to evaluate methodologies in BMA research. All BMAS members could volunteer to participate. The working group members, who are all active preclinical or clinical BMA researchers, searched the literature for articles investigating BMA and discussed the results during personal and telephone conferences. According to the consensus opinion, both based on the review of the literature and on expert opinion, we describe existing methodologies and discuss the challenges and future directions for (1) histomorphometry of bone marrow adipocytes, (2

No Good Deed Goes Unpunished: The CERCLA Liability Exposure Unfortunately Created by Pre-acquisition Soil Testing

This Note argues that CERCLA, as it is currently written, requires courts to hold parties liable for pre-purchase soil investigations that spread or mix contamination because to conclude otherwise would stretch CERCLA beyond its breaking point. Part I argues that both those who order pre-acquisition soil testing and those who conduct the tests are PRPs if the testing spreads existing contamination. Part II argues that the statute does not allow for the judicial creation of a soil testing liability exception. Part III acknowledges the policy problems created by testing liability and advocates a legislative solution to exempt pre-purchase soil testing from CERCLA liability

Conventional Machining of Green Aluminum/ Aluminum Nitride Ceramics

Author Institution: Department of Industrial Engineering, The University of ToledoCurrent methods for producing ceramic parts rely on finish machining using diamond creep feed grinding or some other non-traditional machining method. As a result, machining may represent as much as 90% of the cost of some ceramic parts. This research project focused on creating dimensionally accurate parts made from green engineering ceramic bodies. These bodies were designed to be reaction sintered. Reaction sintering is a method which drastically reduces shrinkage, from about 20% to about 1%. This project investigated the use of conventional milling to machine ceramic green bodies. The green bodies, consisting of 80% aluminum and 20% aluminum nitride, were machined under feed, speed, and depth of cut conditions designed as a 23 factorial experiment. Also, green bodies of 20% aluminum and 80% aluminum nitride were prepared, presintered, and machined. The key measurements taken were the number of chips on the machined geometries of the green body caused by the mill. In the 23 factorial experiment all green bodies exhibited chipping when subjected to drilling and milling. Feed, speed, and depth of cut were found not to be significant in chipping. The machined presintered bodies did not exhibit any chipping when machined

Composition, Stratigraphy, and Geological History of the Noachian Basement Surrounding the Isidis Impact Basin

The western part of the Isidis basin structure hosts a well‐characterized Early Noachian to Amazonian stratigraphy. The Noachian Basement comprises its oldest exposed rocks (Early to Mid‐Noachian) and was previously considered a single low‐Ca pyroxenes (LCP)‐ and Fe/Mg‐smectite‐bearing unit. Here, we divide the Noachian Basement Group into five distinct geological units (Stratified Basement Unit, Blue Fractured Unit, Mixed Lithology Plains Unit, LCP‐bearing Plateaus Unit, and Fe/Mg‐smectite‐bearing Mounds Unit), two geomorphological features (megabreccia and ridges), and a mineral deposit (kaolinite‐bearing bright materials), based on geomorphology, spectral characteristics, and stratigraphic relationships. Megabreccia contain four different pre‐Isidis lithologies, possibly including deeper crust or mantle materials, formed through mass wasting associated with transient crater collapse during Isidis basin formation. The Fe/Mg‐smectite‐bearing Stratified Basement Unit and LCP‐bearing Blue Fractured Unit likewise represent pre‐Isidis units within the Noachian Basement Group. Multiple Fe/Mg‐smectite‐bearing geological units with different stratigraphic positions and younger kaolinite‐bearing bright materials indicate several aqueous alteration episodes of different ages and styles. Units with slight changes in pyroxene spectral properties suggest a transition from low‐Ca pyroxene‐containing materials to those with higher proportions of pyroxenes higher in Ca and/or glass that could be related to different impact and/or igneous processes, or provenance. This long history of Noachian and potentially Pre‐Noachian geological processes, including impact basin formation, aqueous alteration, and multiple igneous and sedimentary petrogeneses, records changing ancient Mars environmental conditions. All units defined by this study are available 20 km outside of Jezero crater for in situ analysis and sampling during a potential extended mission scenario for the Mars 2020 rover

Le geste de metier : problèmes de la transmission

La transmission des gestes professionnels est au principe du développement de l'expérience dans beaucoup de métiers. Apprendre un geste c'est le retoucher en fonction des contextes hétérogènes qu'il traverse. Selon Bernstein, les automatismes qui réalisent ce geste sont composés en fonction de la tâche à accomplir, tout comme le contrôle du geste est organisé par l'action. C'est pourquoi nous ne concevons pas la transmission comme une intériorisation simple des gestes de l'imité par l'imitateur. Elle exige la réduction réciproque en cours d'activité de plusieurs mobilisations subjectives de direction opposée et, par suite, une action qui les dépasse toutes à la fois. Dans l'activité professionnelle, un geste se libère du geste des autres non pas en le niant mais par la voie de son perfectionnement lorsqu'il est re-conçu

MarrowQuant across aging and aplasia: A digital pathology workflow for quantification of bone marrow compartments in histological sections

The bone marrow (BM) exists heterogeneously as hematopoietic/red or adipocytic/yellow marrow depending on skeletal location, age, and physiological condition. Mouse models and patients undergoing radio/chemotherapy or suffering acute BM failure endure rapid adipocytic conversion of the marrow microenvironment, the so-called red-to-yellow transition. Following hematopoietic recovery, such as upon BM transplantation, a yellow-to-red transition occurs and functional hematopoiesis is restored. Gold Standards to estimate BM cellular composition are pathologists\u27 assessment of hematopoietic cellularity in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained histological sections as well as volumetric measurements of marrow adiposity with contrast-enhanced micro-computerized tomography (CE-μCT) upon osmium-tetroxide lipid staining. Due to user-dependent variables, reproducibility in longitudinal studies is a challenge for both methods. Here we report the development of a semi-automated image analysis plug-in

Fast-FISH using repeat sequence-depleted painting probes from microdissected DNA

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Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer for glucose binding

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is an attractive technique for the synthesis of highly selective polymeric receptors having artificial generated recognition sites. These materials were synthesized with polymerizable functional monomers and crosslinker that were surrounded around the template molecule. After polymerization, a template molecule was removed leaving in the polymer selective recognition sites with shape, size and functionalities complementary to the template. This study presents a synthesis of MIP selectively for glucose binding. Glucose phosphate salt (GPS) was used as a template molecule with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAA.HCl) as a functional monomer. Three types of crosslinkers which are epichlorohydrin (EPI), ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EDGE) and glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE) were studied during the MIP synthesis. MIP prepared using EPI as a crosslinking showed the highest glucose binding capacity around 0.84 mg glucose/mg dried gel. The binding capacity of MIP prepared using EGDE and GDE are 0.78 mg glucose/mg gel and 0.38 mg glucose/mg gel respectively. It is also found that the increase on GPS monomer concentration will contribute to increase in glucose bindin