Just For Men: The Representation of Masculinities in Grooming Product Advertising

The purpose of this study is to analyze advertisements for grooming products in order to uncover what these texts communicate about contemporary men and masculinity. To support the present research, a theoretical framework consisting of three sections is provided. First, the concepts of ideology, representation and communication are discussed, with regards to how they operate in advertising. Second, critical social and cultural research on theorizing the body is integrated. Third, theories on the social construction of gender and shifting conceptions of masculinity are outlined and evaluated. Next, a literature review gives insight to how men, masculinity and male bodies are represented in magazine advertising. The examination of this research makes clear the timely relevance of exploring grooming product ads specifically. Cosmetics, once reserved to beautify the bodies of women, are now being aggressively aimed at men. This begs the question of whether this shift in marketing denotes a break with certain normative gendered representations within the mass media. Through conducting a thematic discourse analysis on a sample of advertisements from 2011 to 2013, I argue that advertising for male grooming products are coded as necessarily gendered and inherently ‘manly’. While the act of grooming one’s body has been historically associated with femininity, advertisers often draw upon traditionally masculine conventions, ideals and stereotypes. However, masculinities are also constructed as heterogeneous and pluralized; as a fragment of the male identity that varies across ages, classes and ethnicities

Échantillonneur pour analyse simultanée des événements X, Y et XY

En analyse biparamétrique, il est souvent nécessaire de connaître en plus du spectre X Y les deux spectres simples X et Y sans tenir compte des corrélations qui existent entre eux. Il est important d'utiliser les mêmes codeurs pour les deux types de spectres. L'augmentation du temps mort qui en résulte est réduite par une méthode d'échantillonnage. Le principe de la méthode et la logique des circuits permettant l'analyse simultanée des informations simples et corrélées sont décrits

Étude des désexcitations électromagnétiques des niveaux 1- situés à 12,44 et 13,09 MeV dans le noyau 16O

Les désexcitations γ des niveaux 1- situés à 12,44 et 13,09 MeV dans le noyau 16O ont été étudiées et deux nouvelles transitions mises en évidence. En outre au cours de ce travail les paramètres des deux niveaux 1- ont été redéterminés

Organizational boundaries of medical practice: the case of physician ownership of ancillary services

Physician ownership of in-office ancillary services (IOASs) has come under increasing scrutiny. Advocates of argue that IOASs allow physicians to supervise the quality and coordination of care. Critics have argued that IOASs create financial incentives for physicians to increase ancillary service volume. In this paper we develop a conceptual framework to evaluate the tradeoffs associated with physician ownership of IOASs. There is some evidence supporting the existence of scope and transaction economies in IOASs. Improvement in flow and continuity of care are likely to generate scope economies and improvements in quality monitoring and reductions in consumer transaction costs are likely to generate transaction economies. Other factors include the capture of upstream and downstream profits, but these incentives are likely to be small compared to scope and transaction economies. Policy debates on the merits of IOASs should include an explicit assessment of these tradeoffs. This research was supported in part by funding from the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)

Distribution, Abundance and Size Structure of Arrow Squid (Nototodarus sp.) off New Zealand

Two species of arrow squid (Nototodarus sp.) were sampled with bottom trawl during nine research surveys along the north and east coast of South Island, New Zealand, from January 1982 to March 1983. There was minimal overlap between the two species. Species 1 was associated with subtropical water along the north coast (Tasman Bay) of South Island and Species 2 with the Subtropical Convergence Zone and subantarctic water along the east coast. Catches of Species 2 varied markedly with geographic location, depth (from 50 to 500 m) and sampling period, but were consistently lowest in January of both years. Differences in the size composition of Species 2 with depth were associated with differences in the relative abundance of juveniles. Juveniles of Species 2 were most abundant at 50 and 100 m and were rare or absent at 30 and 500 m. Size distributions of males and females of both species were generally similar for each depth and sampling period. Modal sizes (dorsal mantle length) of Species 1 indicated growth rates of 3.0-4.5 cm per month for three cohorts which were separated by about 6 months. Spawning of Species 1 probably occurs around November and April of each year, and maximal size (about 40 cm) is attained in about 1 year. Size distributions of Species 2, were polymodal and did not give clear indications of growth or spawning period. This may be due to a mixture of several subpopulations of Species 2 along the east coast of South Island, differing in age structure, spawning period and growth rate

Fathers stepping up? A cross-national comparison of fathers’ domestic labour and parents’ satisfaction with the division of domestic labour during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted work and family life around the world. For parents, this upending meant a potential re-negotiation of the ‘status quo’ in the gendered division of labour. A comparative lens provides extended understandings of changes in fathers’ domestic work based in socio-cultural context–in assessing the size and consequences of change in domestic labour in relation to the type of work-care regime. Using novel harmonized data from four countries (the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands) and a work-care regime framework, this study examines cross-national changes in fathers’ shares of domestic labour during the early months of the pandemic and whether these changes are associated with parents’ satisfaction with the division of labour. Results indicate that fathers’ shares of housework and childcare increased early in the pandemic in all countries, with fathers’ increased shares of housework being particularly pronounced in the US. Results also show an association between fathers’ increased shares of domestic labour and mothers’ increased satisfaction with the division of domestic labour in the US, Canada, and the UK. Such comparative work promises to be generative for understanding the pandemic’s imprint on gender relations far into the future

Conceptions intuitives des notions de justice et de liberté : résultats d'une étude au collège dans le cours d'enseignement moral et civique

Le développement de la pensée critique en tant que compétence transversale est devenu un enjeu éducatif dans de nombreux pays. Plus encore, il semble, aujourd’hui, crucial de préparer les élèves, en tant que membres déjà actifs de la société et citoyens de demain, à porter un regard critique, au sens d'avoir une opinion éclairée, sur les valeurs proposées par la société dans laquelle ils sont insérés. En France, il existe un programme d’enseignement moral et civique qui a pour ambition de servir cet ob-jectif. Cependant, il apparaît de plus en plus clairement que les conceptions intuitives peu-vent entraver la réflexion et les prises de décisions quant aux questions de société. Dans ce cadre, améliorer ses connaissances des conceptions existantes de notions essentielles en éducation citoyenne telles que la justice et la liberté devrait permettre d’aller au-delà de ces idées premières et de faire évoluer les perspectives, favorisant ainsi le développement de l’esprit critique. C’est l’objet de l’étude sur lequel porte cet article.The development of critical thinking as a transversal skill has become an educational issue in many countries. Moreover, it seems crucial today to prepare students, who are already active members of society and the citizens of tomorrow, to have a critical outlook, in terms of an informed opinion regard-ing the values of the society in which they are immersed. In France, there is a moral and citizenship edu-cation program that aims to serve this purpose. However, it is also becoming increasingly clear that intuitive conceptions can hinder reflections and decision-making about social issues. Thus, improving one's knowledge of existing conceptions of essential notions in citizenship education such as justice and freedom should make it possible to go beyond one's preconceived ideas and shift one's perspec-tive. This is the subject of the study on which this article focuses

Study of 2 beta-decay of Mo-100 and Se-82 using the NEMO3 detector

After analysis of 5797 h of data from the detector NEMO3, new limits on neutrinoless double beta decay of Mo-100 (T-1/2 > 3.1 x 10(23) y, 90% CL) and Se-82 (T-1/2 > 1.4 x 10(23) y, 90% CL) have been obtained. The corresponding limits on the effective majorana neutrino mass are: 1.4 x 10(22) y (90% CL) for Mo-100 and T-1/2 > 1.2 x 10(22) y (90% CL) for Se-82. Corresponding bounds on the Majoron-neutrino coupling constant are < (0.5-0.9) x 10(- 4) and <(0.7-1.6) x 10(- 4). Two-neutrino 2beta-decay half-lives have been measured with a high accuracy, (T1/2Mo)-Mo-100 = [7.68 +/- 0.02(stat) +/- 0.54(syst)] x 10(18) y and (T1/2Se)-Se-82 = [10.3 +/- 0.3(stat) +/- 0.7(syst)] x 10(19) y. (C) 2004 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica"

Study of 2b-decay of Mo-100 and Se-82 using the NEMO3 detector

After analysis of 5797 h of data from the detector NEMO3, new limits on neutrinoless double beta decay of Mo-100 (T_{1/2} > 3.1 10^{23} y, 90% CL) and Se-82 (T_{1/2} > 1.4 10^{23} y, 90% CL) have been obtained. The corresponding limits on the effective majorana neutrino mass are: m < (0.8-1.2) eV and m < (1.5-3.1) eV, respectively. Also the limits on double-beta decay with Majoron emission are: T_{1/2} > 1.4 10^{22} y (90% CL) for Mo-100 and T_{1/2}> 1.2 10^{22} y (90%CL) for Se-82. Corresponding bounds on the Majoron-neutrino coupling constant are g < (0.5-0.9) 10^{-4} and < (0.7-1.6) 10^{-4}. Two-neutrino 2b-decay half-lives have been measured with a high accuracy, T_{1/2} Mo-100 = [7.68 +- 0.02(stat) +- 0.54(syst) ] 10^{18} y and T_{1/2} Se-82 = [10.3 +- 0.3(stat) +- 0.7(syst) ] 10^{19} y.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Technical design and performance of the NEMO3 detector

The development of the NEMO3 detector, which is now running in the Frejus Underground Laboratory (L.S.M. Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane), was begun more than ten years ago. The NEMO3 detector uses a tracking-calorimeter technique in order to investigate double beta decay processes for several isotopes. The technical description of the detector is followed by the presentation of its performance.Comment: Preprint submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Methods A Corresponding author: Corinne Augier ([email protected]