Franz Cumont’s Syrian tour: a Belgian archaeologist in the Ottoman empire

This paper highlights the Western scientific traveller as an intermediary between Orient and Occident around the turn of the nineteenth century by presenting a case study on the Belgian archaeologist and historian of religions, Franz Cumont (1868-1947), and the dossier of the journey he undertook in Northern Syria, May 1907. After a discussion of this classicist's relation to the Orient, I give an account of Cumont's Syrian tour, based on three different writing contexts: the academic output of the expedition in Northern Syria, Cumont's private travel notes, and both his active and passive correspondence. Still focusing on the case of Franz Cumont and the dossier of his archaeological journey in 1907, in a third and fourth section I examine two ways in which the Orient was brought to the Occident by the scientific traveller. Firstly, by the acquisition and transfer of archaeological material from the Orient to the Occident, providing Western institutions with Eastern artefacts. Secondly, by the transfer of ideas and images: how did the Occidental scientific traveller, the archaeologist, convey his experiences with the "real" Orient to the European readership? I will disclose how Franz Cumont expressed his evaluation of the ancient Orient, which he studied, and the contemporary Orient, which he experienced during his travels

Insights on the spatial configuration of collective spaces within forming dynamics: the relation between infrastructure and urban transformation in Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes

The research seeks to produce insights on the spatial configuration of collective spaces where large scale infrastructure propels urban transformation. Focusing on the meaning, character and programmatic qualities of urban spaces in transformation as outcomes of fluctuating processes, it deals with complex spatial forming dynamics of urban streetscapes: the non-traditional conjugations of spaces, boundaries and territories. These spaces foster unexpected notions of proximity, territoriality, permeability and critical boundaries, investigated by means of specific parameters manifesting and interacting in time. This can help upgrade the design of architecture and urban projects to innovative techno-cultural practices and improve their integration in the urban fabric; urgent matter within the hyper-complex conditions of contemporary urban realities. The case of Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes in Barcelona, where a car-oriented open-space based on a variety of spatial manifestations turns into a formalized urban centrality, is used to unveil the complex convergence of streetscapes and urban infrastructures in contemporary urban transformations

Comparison of motor stator teeth built of soft magnetic composite and laminated silicon steel sheets in an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine

This paper compares the iron losses generated by the concentrated excitation windings for the axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine stator core elements constructed with laminated silicon steel sheets and soft magnetic composites. The two types of eddy current losses for laminated silicon steel sheets are taken into account. A 3D nonlinear finite element method in the time domain is used to calculate all flux density distributions for various frequencies and different magnitudes. Experimental measurements are also performed to validate the 3D model

2D Eddy current analysis in plane of laminated ferromagnetic media

Laminated media are intended to conduct the magnetic flux in the plane (high permeability and high electrical resistance to limit the eddy currents). When fringing flux falls in perpendicular to the plane, the surface for the eddy currents is no longer small. This will cause eddy current losses, which will reduce the efficiency of the application. This fringing flux can be produced by the winding around the stack or in case of permanent magnet synchronous machines by flux from the permanent magnets on the rotor . Also magnetic saturation of a sheet will result in flux travelling from one sheet to another, causing flux perpendicular to the plane of the shee