Analogies and differences in optical and mathematical systems and approaches

Publication in the conference proceedings of SampTA, Bremen, Germany, 201

Використання інваріантів у визначенні інтеграції й диверсифікованості виробництва промислових підприємств

Успішний розвиток економіки багато в чому залежить від функціонування всіх її ланок. Важливу роль грає діагностика й організація процесів інтеграції й диверсифікованості виробництва промислових підприємств, що забезпечують підвищення стабільності, керованості й ефективність діяльності підприємств в умовах конкурентної боротьби

Heritability and Artificial Selection on Ambulatory Dispersal Distance in Tetranychus urticae: Effects of Density and Maternal Effects

Dispersal distance is understudied although the evolution of dispersal distance affects the distribution of genetic diversity through space. Using the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, we tested the conditions under which dispersal distance could evolve. To this aim, we performed artificial selection based on dispersal distance by choosing 40 individuals (out of 150) that settled furthest from the home patch (high dispersal, HDIS) and 40 individuals that remained close to the home patch (low dispersal, LDIS) with three replicates per treatment. We did not observe a response to selection nor a difference between treatments in life-history traits (fecundity, survival, longevity, and sex-ratio) after ten generations of selection. However, we show that heritability for dispersal distance depends on density. Heritability for dispersal distance was low and non-significant when using the same density as the artificial selection experiments while heritability becomes significant at a lower density. Furthermore, we show that maternal effects may have influenced the dispersal behaviour of the mites. Our results suggest primarily that selection did not work because high density and maternal effects induced phenotypic plasticity for dispersal distance. Density and maternal effects may affect the evolution of dispersal distance and should be incorporated into future theoretical and empirical studies

Social familiarity governs prey patch-exploitation, -leaving and inter-patch distribution of the group-living predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis.

In group-living animals, social interactions and their effects on other life activities such as foraging are commonly determined by discrimination among group members. Accordingly, many group-living species evolved sophisticated social recognition abilities such as the ability to recognize familiar individuals, i.e. individuals encountered before. Social familiarity may affect within-group interactions and between-group movements. In environments with patchily distributed prey, group-living predators must repeatedly decide whether to stay with the group in a given prey patch or to leave and search for new prey patches and groups.Based on the assumption that in group-living animals social familiarity allows to optimize the performance in other tasks, as for example predicted by limited attention theory, we assessed the influence of social familiarity on prey patch exploitation, patch-leaving, and inter-patch distribution of the group-living, plant-inhabiting predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. P. persimilis is highly specialized on herbivorous spider mite prey such as the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, which is patchily distributed on its host plants. We conducted two experiments with (1) groups of juvenile P. persimilis under limited food on interconnected detached leaflets, and (2) groups of adult P. persimilis females under limited food on whole plants. Familiar individuals of both juvenile and adult predator groups were more exploratory and dispersed earlier from a given spider mite patch, occupied more leaves and depleted prey more quickly than individuals of unfamiliar groups. Moreover, familiar juvenile predators had higher survival chances than unfamiliar juveniles.We argue that patch-exploitation and -leaving, and inter-patch dispersion were more favorably coordinated in groups of familiar than unfamiliar predators, alleviating intraspecific competition and improving prey utilization and suppression

Media 2: Full-field optical coherence microscopy with Riesz transform-based demodulation for dynamic imaging

Originally published in Optics Letters on 01 December 2012 (ol-37-23-4937

Results of generalized estimating equations (GEE; autocorrelation structure between observation points) for the effects of familiarity, leaf (origin or external; only for dispersion) and time nested within familiarity (only for females present, leaves occupied and dispersion by females) on the number of <i>P. persimilis</i> females present, the number of leaves occupied by <i>P. persimilis</i> females and dispersion by <i>P. persimilis</i> females and their offspring (after 72 h) between the origin and external leaves.

<p>Results of generalized estimating equations (GEE; autocorrelation structure between observation points) for the effects of familiarity, leaf (origin or external; only for dispersion) and time nested within familiarity (only for females present, leaves occupied and dispersion by females) on the number of <i>P. persimilis</i> females present, the number of leaves occupied by <i>P. persimilis</i> females and dispersion by <i>P. persimilis</i> females and their offspring (after 72 h) between the origin and external leaves.</p

The effects of social familiarity on presence and leaf occupation by predatory mite females.

<p>Number (mean ± SE) of familiar (filled symbols) and unfamiliar (open symbols) adult <i>P. persimilis</i> females present (solid lines) and the number (mean ± SE) of leaves out of five occupied by them (dotted lines) per experimental unit (group of five plants) over time.</p

The effects of social familiarity on activity of juvenile predatory mites.

<p>Proportion (mean + SE) of juvenile <i>P. persimilis</i> moving within groups consisting of four familiar or four unfamiliar individuals over time.</p