Barriers Against the Transfer of Knowledge Between Universities and the Industry in Newly-Industrialised Countries - An Analysis of the Regional Innovation System of Bangkok

This paper presents empirical evidence on university-industry relations (UIR) and knowledge transfer in the regional innovation system of Bangkok and broaches the issue of adapting well-established concepts for the analysis of innovation processes in newly industrialising countries. The potential for UIR is restricted due to 1) a weak and fragmented innovation system, 2) low technological and absorptive capacities in the industrial sector, and 3) slowly improving research capabilities in the scientific sector. Hence the level of UIR in the regional innovation system of Bangkok is mainly limited to occasional and personal modes. It is suggested to strengthen the knowledge transfer capabilities within both actors and to establish effective mechanisms for bridging institutional barriers between academia and industry.

NEW METHOD TO OPTIMIZE NO-LOAD NOISE OF POWER TRANSFORMERS BASED ON CORE DESIGN & TRANSFORMER OPERATING CONDITIONS

This paper introduces a new algorithm to calculate and optimize no-load noise (sound pressure) of power transformers, and to identify iron sheet parameters. The calculation consists of two steps: the 1st step consists in calculating an initial sound pressure level (A-Evaluation) which has approx. 70 % accuracy within a tolerance interval of ±2dB (A). The 2nd step consists in estimating the expected deviation from the initial calculation to reach 90 % accuracy in the final results. This deviation could be due to material handling, quality tolerance, core manufacturing, etc. The optimization process consists of two parts: the 1st part takes place before choosing a certain iron sheet for calculation to identify the sheet parameters required for computational accuracy (“Sheet Optimization”). The 2nd part consists in considering a core design with an undesirable sound pressure level in order to reduce it to an acceptable limit. This part takes into account the other limitations such as no-load losses and transformer dimensions (“Design Optimization”). For new iron sheets in the market, there is no measurement history to rely on. However, the algorithm is also capable of identifying the sheet parameters for calculation based on the available algorithm data base and the magnetostriction measurements of the iron sheet manufacturer

NEW METHOD TO OPTIMIZE NO-LOAD NOISE OF POWER TRANSFORMERS BASED ON CORE DESIGN & TRANSFORMER OPERATING CONDITIONS

This paper introduces a new algorithm to calculate and optimize no-load noise (sound pressure) of power transformers, and to identify iron sheet parameters. The calculation consists of two steps: the 1st step consists in calculating an initial sound pressure level (A-Evaluation) which has approx. 70 % accuracy within a tolerance interval of ±2dB (A). The 2nd step consists in estimating the expected deviation from the initial calculation to reach 90 % accuracy in the final results. This deviation could be due to material handling, quality tolerance, core manufacturing, etc. The optimization process consists of two parts: the 1st part takes place before choosing a certain iron sheet for calculation to identify the sheet parameters required for computational accuracy (“Sheet Optimization”). The 2nd part consists in considering a core design with an undesirable sound pressure level in order to reduce it to an acceptable limit. This part takes into account the other limitations such as no-load losses and transformer dimensions (“Design Optimization”). For new iron sheets in the market, there is no measurement history to rely on. However, the algorithm is also capable of identifying the sheet parameters for calculation based on the available algorithm data base and the magnetostriction measurements of the iron sheet manufacturer

Determining transformer core losses based on investigation of core material behaviour during test and operation – mathematical interpretation

By identifying the characteristic equation of the specific no-load losses of each iron sheet based on the core configuration, it is possible to reach a high level of accuracy in detecting no-load losses over a wide range of flux density. The method is applicable and frequently used for reference as well as for new sheet types that appear on the market. The results presented in this paper are based on one year experience, showing that the total weight and volume of transformers have clearly been reduced

Untersuchungen zur Synthese von Baccatinen in Zellkulturen von Corylus avellana L.

Paclitaxel (Handelsname Taxol) wurde ursprünglich aus der pazifischen Eibe, Taxus brevifolia Nutt., extrahiert. Taxol ist ein bewährtes Zytostatikum. Bei der Suche nach neuen Quellen für Taxane wurden diese auch in der Haselnuss-Kultursorte Corylus avellana cv. "Gasaway" gefunden. Der Taxangehalt der Haselnuss kann durch eine Elizitierung beeinflusst werden. Es wurden drei abiotische Elizitierungen mit Saccharose, Silbernitrat und Ammoniumcitrat durchgeführt. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch die drei untersuchten Elizitoren die Taxanbildung in der eingesetzten Zelllinie grundsätzlich beeinflusst werden kann.Paclitaxel (trade name Taxol) has been originally isolated from the pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia Nutt.. Taxol is a proven cytostatic drug. In the search of novel sources of taxanes these compounds were also found in extracts of the hazel cultivar Corylus avellana cv. "Gasaway". The taxane content of hazelnut can be influenced by elicitation. A total of three abiotic elicitations were carried out to influence taxane formation with sucrose, silver nitrate and ammonium citrate. It could be shown that it is generally possible to influence taxane formation in the investigated hazel cell line

The surgical point of view of the geriatric patient — Urinary incontinence

Summary: Background: Urinary incontinence is one of the most frequent diseases in the ageing population. The aim of this manuscript is to present the current knowledge on urinary incontinence regarding (i) prevalence, (ii) pathogenesis, (iii) types, (iv) diagnostic assessment, and (v) treatment options. Methods: The current literature regarding urinary incontinence with special reference to the geriatric patient was reviewed. Results: According to a study performed recently in the Vienna area, 36.0% of women and 11.5% of men aged 70 years or older report urinary incontinence. Several factors, such as urodynamic changes, structural alterations of the lower urinary tract, increased sensory input, and impaired central control of the micturition reflex, contribute to the high prevalence of urinary incontinence with age. The four most common forms of urinary incontinence in the geriatric patient are combined stress/urge incontinence, pure urge incontinence, pure stress incontinence, and overflow incontinence. Diagnostic steps are classified into "mandatory”, "recommended”, and "indicated in selected cases only”. Particularly the "mandatory tests” are simple to perform and need no special equipment. Therapeutic options should be directed to the type of urinary incontinence as well as the physical and mental status of the patient. Conclusions: Urinary incontinence is highly prevalent with age. Conservative treatment is the therapy of choice for urge incontinence and mild to moderate forms of stress and overflow incontinence in the geriatric patien

Radical prostatectomies in Austria, 1997–2004

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The introduction of PSA testing in Austria led to a steep increase of the incidence of prostate cancer. We want to present the course of the number of newly diagnosed cases of prostate cancer in Austria since 1997, and set these numbers in relation to the total of radical prostatectomies (with resection of lymph nodes) in the same time period. All numbers were retrieved from health statistics of Statistics Austria. The report period of cancer cases and of RPE comprises the years 1997–2004. All calculations were performed for totals as well as for 5-year age groups (40–89 years of age).</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The number of prostate cancer cases rose from 1997 to 2004 by 35%, while the number of RPE rose by 94% in the same time period. The proportion of RPE in relation to new cases rose from 41% in 1997 to 59% in 2004.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A slight decrease of prostate cancer mortality can already be observed in Austria, but the question of over-treatment still awaits analysis.</p

Die Bilderpolitik des Irakkrieges in den Videoportalen des Web 2.0

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Frage aufzuwerfen bzw. zu diskutieren, inwiefern mithilfe der neuen Medien wie Videoplattformen und dergleichen der Einflusskraft der massenmedialen Inszenierung des Ereignisses Krieg auf die öffentliche Meinung entgegengewirkt werden kann. Die in der Arbeit vorgenommene Analyse bezieht sich auf die visuelle Porträtierung des aktuellen Irakkrieges, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der US-amerikanischen Sichtweise der Geschehnisse liegt. Weiters hat diese Arbeit die Intention der Frage nachzugehen, inwiefern das Internet als einzig unzensierbares Medium anzusehen ist sowie zu untersuchen, wie mithilfe der Arbeit der so genannten citizen journalists und des Mediums Internet trotz der propagandistischen Medienpolitik der US-Regierung in Krisenzeiten eine demokratische Berichterstattung ermöglicht werden kann. Die dabei im empirischen Teil vorgenommene Untersuchung basiert auf ausgewählten Bild- bzw. Videobeispielen, die anhand von Bildausschnitten verdeutlicht werden soll. Um die kontextuelle Einbettung der aktuellen Geschehnisse für den Leser bzw. die Leserin zu vereinfachen, erfolgt zu Beginn der Arbeit ein kurzer historischer Überblick über die US-amerikanische Bilderpolitik in Kriegszeiten. Anschließend wird die Instrumentalisierung der Terrorbilder der Anschläge des 11. September diskutiert, und inwiefern diese Bilder bei der Mobilisierungspolitik der US-Regierung eine zentrale Rolle spielten. Weiters erfolgt die Untersuchung auf den Einfluss des Internets auf die neuzeitliche Kriegsberichterstattung hin, und inwiefern sich diese von der massenmedialen Berichterstattung unterscheidet. Der abschließende Teil beschäftigt sich mit der praktischen Analyse - es soll anhand ausgewählter Videobeispiele die mediale Inszenierung des Irakkrieges in Videoplattformen untersucht werden, wobei hier vor allem YouTube eine tragende Rolle zuteil wird

Determining transformer core losses based on investigation of core material behaviour during test and operation – Results

By identifying the characteristic equation of the specific no-load losses of each iron sheet based on the core configuration, it is possible to reach a high level of accuracy in detecting no-load losses over a wide range of flux density. The method is applicable and frequently used for reference as well as for new sheet types that appear on the market. The results presented in this paper are based on one year experience, showing that the total weight and volume of transformers have clearly been reduced

Hypothesis and theory : a pathophysiological concept of stroke-induced acute phase response and increased intestinal permeability leading to secondary brain damage

Gut integrity impairment leading to increased intestinal permeability (IP) is hypothesized to be a trigger of critically illness. Approximately 15–20% of human ischemic stroke (IS) victims require intensive care, including patients with impaired level of consciousness or a high risk for developing life-threatening cerebral edema. Local and systemic inflammatory reactions are a major component of the IS pathophysiology and can significantly aggravate brain tissue damage. Intracerebral inflammatory processes following IS have been well studied. Until now, less is known about systemic inflammatory responses and IS consequences apart from a frequently observed post-IS immunosuppression. Here, we provide a hypothesis of a crosstalk between systemic acute phase response (APR), IP and potential secondary brain damage during acute and subacute IS stages supported by preliminary experimental data. Alterations of the acute phase proteins (APPs) C-reactive protein and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and serum level changes of antibodies directed against Escherichia coli-cell extract antigen (IgA-, IgM-, and IgG-anti-E. coli) were investigated at 1, 2, and 7 days following IS in ten male sheep. We found an increase of both APPs as well as a decrease of all anti-E. coli antibodies within 48 h following IS. This may indicate an early systemic APR and increased IP, and underlines the importance of the increasingly recognized gut-brain axis and of intestinal antigen release for systemic immune responses in acute and subacute stroke stages