Observed and Calculated Values of the Magnetic Intensity over a Major Geologic Structure

The authors compare the observed and calculated values of the vertical and horizontal components of the magnetic field along a profile across the Los Angles Basin. A structural geologic cross section compiled from seismic, gravity and geologic data was used as a basis for calculating the magnetic field. In the San Pedro Hills portion of the cross section the calculated and observed values disagree, indicating that the granitic basement rocks lie at greater depths then shown in the structure section

In Defense: New York Times v. Sullivan

The article discusses the U.S. Supreme Court case New York Times v. Sullivan which deals with the actual-malice requirement, the common law of libel, and public-official and public-figure libel plaintiffs

Online Learning and the Process of Change: The Experiences of Faculty and Students at a Two-Year College

This phenomenological case study examined the process of change at a rural two-year college migrating from traditional face-to-face instruction to an online learning environment and its effect on faculty and students. Instructors and support staff were concerned about the move to online learning due to the diversity of the student body, including a large proportion of academically disadvantaged students. The institution, however, was pressured to make the change to online learning due to low enrollment and loss of state funding. Instructors were required to change to an online learning environment rapidly with little or no training or support provided by the institution. Interviews conducted with instructors, students, and tutors revealed the change process was necessary for institutional survival, despite their personal discomfort associated with the transition to online learning. As faculty progressed through the change and began receiving more institutional support and training, they developed pedagogical strategies to increase student learning outcomes in the online classroom. Additionally, due to the large proportion of academically disadvantaged students at the institution, faculty adopted support strategies to engage students and create a sense of community. Faculty and students appeared to transition successfully to online learning and teaching over the course of this study. Students, including those considered academically disadvantaged, were successful in online learning. Faculty attitudes regarding online learning changed and they grew to appreciate the opportunities it provided for students and the institution as a whole. Theoretical frameworks informing this study included theories related to institutional and individual change, effective online pedagogical practices, and community building.

A Duty to Impeach: Libel and Modern Liberalism after Dobbs

The conservative legal establishment is waging war on modern liberalism with Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization marking its most recent victory. Against this backdrop, this Article contends that attacks from the right on New York Times Co. v. Sullivan—the Court’s defining First Amendment decision that places political speech at the center of free speech doctrine—are motivated not by bona fide doctrinal disagreements but rather the cynical belief that the specter of defamation liability unrestrained by Sullivan will silence political opponents and, in turn, hasten the end of modern liberalism. So while the battle over Sullivan may not have the same partisan salience as attacks on Roe v. Wade, the political implications of overruling Sullivan are nevertheless vast

Towards the theory of coherent hard dijet production on hadrons and nuclei

We carry out a detailed calculation of the cross section of pion diffraction dissociation into two jets with large transverse momenta, originating from a hard gluon exchange between the pion constituents. Both the quark and the gluon contribution are considered and in the latter case we present calculations both in covariant and in axial gauges. We find that the standard collinear factorization does not hold in this reaction. The structure of non-factorizable contributions is discussed and the results are compared with the experimental data. Our conclusion is that the existing theoretical uncertainties do not allow, for the time being, for a quantitative extraction of the pion distribution amplitude.Comment: 45 pages, latex, 17 figures, final version to appear in Nuclear Physics

Salt Marsh Plant Community Structure on Horse Island, South Carolina

Sea level rise is causing an increase in salt water encroachment and flooding in many coastal habitats, and increasing salinity can have negative impacts on plant communities. The objective of our research was to determine the impact of salinity on salt marsh plant community structure on Horse Island, South Carolina. We investigated variation in plant cover and height with distance from a tidal creek and the effect of increasing salinity on seedling emergence from the seed bank. We established three transects in the salt marsh habitat and recorded plant species presence, percent cover of each species, and height of the tallest individual of each species in 11 plots along each transect. Total plant cover was consistent from 0 to 24 m and increased from 24 to 40 m from the tidal creek; several species only occurred 36-40 m from the tidal creek. Percent cover of Spartina alterniflora, the dominant species, increased from 24 to 36 m from the tidal creek. The height of S. alterniflora was negatively correlated with percent cover of S. alterniflora and distance from the tidal creek. To assess the seed bank, we established 12 plots in the salt marsh-maritime forest ecotone, and soils collected from plots were assigned to each of four salinity treatments (0, 6, 12, and 26 ppt). Across all treatments, only one seedling emerged from the soil. The cover, height, and distribution of salt marsh species on Horse Island are likely to change as sea level continues to rise, but the role of the seed bank in affecting plant community structure remains unclear

Higher-order corrections to the relativistic perihelion advance and the mass of binary pulsars

We study the general relativistic orbital equation and using a straightforward perturbation method and a mathematical device first introduced by d'Alembert, we work out approximate expressions of a bound planetary orbit in the form of trigonometrical polynomials and the first three terms of the power series development of the perihelion advance. The results are applied to a more precise determination of the total mass of the double pulsar J0737-3039.Comment: 8 pages. Accepted for publication in "Astrophysics & Space Science

Analysis of SPAR 8 single-axis levitation experiment

The melting and resolidification of SPAR 8 payload melting and resolidification of a glass specimen from the in a containerless condition and the retrieval and examination of the specimen from the. The absence of container contact was assured by use of a single-axis acoustic levitation system. However, the sample contacted a wire cage after being held without container contact by the acoustic field for only approximately 87 seconds. At this time, the sample was still molten and, therefore, flowed aroung the wire and continued to adhere to it. An analysis of why the sample did not remain levitated free of container contact is presented. The experiment is described, and experimental observations are discussed and analyzed

Initial Long-Term Scenarios for COVID-19’s Impact on Aviation and Implications for Climate Policy

The COVID-19 pandemic had a dramatic impact on aviation in 2020, and the industry’s future is uncertain. In this paper, we consider scenarios for recovery and ongoing demand, and discuss the implications of these scenarios for aviation emissions-related policy, including the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) and the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). Using the Aviation Integrated Model (AIM2015), a global aviation systems model, we project how long-term demand, fleet, and emissions projections might change. Depending on recovery scenario, we project cumulative aviation fuel use to 2050 might be up to 9% below that in scenarios not including the pandemic. The majority of this difference arises from reductions in relative global income levels. Around 40% of modeled scenarios project no offset requirement in either the CORSIA pilot or first phases; however, because of its more stringent emissions baseline (based on reductions from year 2004–2006 CO_{2}, The COVID-19 pandemic had a dramatic impact on aviation in 2020, and the industry’s future is uncertain. In this paper, we consider scenarios for recovery and ongoing demand, and discuss the implications of these scenarios for aviation emissions-related policy, including the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) and the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). Using the Aviation Integrated Model (AIM2015), a global aviation systems model, we project how long-term demand, fleet, and emissions projections might change. Depending on recovery scenario, we project cumulative aviation fuel use to 2050 might be up to 9% below that in scenarios not including the pandemic. The majority of this difference arises from reductions in relative global income levels. Around 40% of modeled scenarios project no offset requirement in either the CORSIA pilot or first phases; however, because of its more stringent emissions baseline (based on reductions from year 2004–2006 CO_{2}), the EU ETS is likely to be less affected. However, if no new policies are applied and technology developments follow historical trends, year-2050 global net aviation CO_{2} is still likely to be well above industry goals, including the goal of carbon-neutral growth from 2019, even when the demand effects of the pandemic are accounted for