13,341 research outputs found
Chiral properties of two-flavor QCD in small volume and at large lattice spacing
We present results from simulations of two flavors of dynamical overlap
fermions on 8^4 lattices at three values of the sea quark mass and a lattice
spacing of about 0.16 fm. We measure the topological susceptibility and the
chiral condensate. A comparison of the low-lying spectrum of the overlap
operator with predictions from random matrix theory is made. To demonstrate the
effect of the dynamical fermions, we compare meson two-point functions with
quenched results. Algorithmic improvements over a previous publication and the
performance of the algorithm are discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figure
Quark condensate in one-flavor QCD
We compute the condensate in QCD with a single quark flavor using numerical
simulations with the overlap formulation of lattice fermions. The condensate is
extracted by fitting the distribution of low lying eigenvalues of the Dirac
operator in sectors of fixed topological charge to the predictions of Random
Matrix Theory. Our results are in excellent agreement with estimates from the
orientifold large-N_c expansion.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, REVTeX4, v2: Small changes, extended
introduction, published versio
Identifying States of a Financial Market
The understanding of complex systems has become a central issue because
complex systems exist in a wide range of scientific disciplines. Time series
are typical experimental results we have about complex systems. In the analysis
of such time series, stationary situations have been extensively studied and
correlations have been found to be a very powerful tool. Yet most natural
processes are non-stationary. In particular, in times of crisis, accident or
trouble, stationarity is lost. As examples we may think of financial markets,
biological systems, reactors or the weather. In non-stationary situations
analysis becomes very difficult and noise is a severe problem. Following a
natural urge to search for order in the system, we endeavor to define states
through which systems pass and in which they remain for short times. Success in
this respect would allow to get a better understanding of the system and might
even lead to methods for controlling the system in more efficient ways.
We here concentrate on financial markets because of the easy access we have
to good data and because of the strong non-stationary effects recently seen. We
analyze the S&P 500 stocks in the 19-year period 1992-2010. Here, we propose
such an above mentioned definition of state for a financial market and use it
to identify points of drastic change in the correlation structure. These points
are mapped to occurrences of financial crises. We find that a wide variety of
characteristic correlation structure patterns exist in the observation time
window, and that these characteristic correlation structure patterns can be
classified into several typical "market states". Using this classification we
recognize transitions between different market states. A similarity measure we
develop thus affords means of understanding changes in states and of
recognizing developments not previously seen.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
Separated Fringe Packet Observations with the CHARA Array III. The Very High Eccentricity Binary HR 7345
After an eleven year observing campaign, we present the combined
visual{spectroscopic orbit of the formerly unremarkable bright star HR 7345 (HD
181655, HIP 94981, GJ 754.2). Using the Separated Fringe Packet (SFP) method
with the CHARA Array, we were able to determine a difficult to complete orbital
period of 331.609 +/- 0.004 days. The 11 month period causes the system to be
hidden from interferometric view behind the Sun for 3 years at a time. Due to
the high eccentricity orbit of about 90% of a year, after 2018 January the
periastron phase will not be observable again until late 2021. Hindered by its
extremely high eccentricity of 0.9322 +/- 0.0001, the double-lined
spectroscopic phase of HR 7345 is observable for 15 days. Such a high
eccentricity for HR 7345 places it among the most eccentric systems in catalogs
of both visual and spectroscopic orbits. For this system we determine nearly
identical component masses of 0.941 +/- 0.076 Msun and 0.926 +/- 0.075 Msun as
well as an orbital parallax of 41.08 +/- 0.77 mas.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, 4 table
Exploring positive adjustment in HIV positive African women living in the UK
This published version of this article has been made available through Open Access by the Brunel University Open Access Publishing Fund and can be accessed at the link below - Copyright @ 2011 Taylor & FrancisResearch into living with HIV/AIDS has to date mainly focused on quality of life and there is little on the adjustment process for this group. The numbers of African women living with HIV/AIDS in the UK is growing and yet little is known about the adjustment experience for these women. This study explored aspects of positive adjustment to living with HIV/AIDS among a sample of African women living in London, UK. Transcripts of semi-structured interviews with 12 women were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Two superordinate themes emerged inductively from the data: positive changes in coping (subthemes: positive interpretation of their situation and positive behavioural changes) and positive growth since the HIV diagnosis (subthemes: changes in the value of life and, changes in goals and opportunities). While these women acknowledged the negative impact of living with HIV/AIDS, all participants mentioned changes in health behaviours to help regain mastery of their lives and comparing with others better-off and worse-off was used to enhance self-esteem and view their situation positively. The data show evidence for Taylor's Cognitive Adaptation Theory
Acoustic performance of inlet multiple-pure-tone suppressors installed on NASA quiet engine C
The length of multiple-pure-tone (MPT) treatment required to reasonably suppress the MPT's produced by a supersonic tip speed fan was defined. Other suppression, broadband, and blade passing frequency, which might be accomplished were also determined. The experimental results are presented in terms of both far-field and duct acoustic data
Spatial heterogeneity of air pollution statistics in Europe
Air pollution is one of the leading causes of death globally, and continues to have a detrimental effect on our health. In light of these impacts, an extensive range of statistical modelling approaches has been devised in order to better understand air pollution statistics. However, the time-varying statistics of different types of air pollutants are far from being fully understood. The observed probability density functions (PDFs) of concentrations depend very much on the spatial location and on the pollutant substance. In this paper, we analyse a large variety of data from 3544 different European monitoring sites and show that the PDFs of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide ([Formula: see text] ) and particulate matter ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ) concentrations generically exhibit heavy tails and are asymptotically well approximated by q-exponential distributions with a given width parameter [Formula: see text] . We observe that the power-law parameter q and the width parameter [Formula: see text] vary widely for the different spatial locations. For each substance, we find different patterns of parameter clouds in the [Formula: see text] plane. These depend on the type of pollutants and on the environmental characteristics (urban/suburban/rural/traffic/industrial/background). This means the effective statistical physics description of air pollution exhibits a strong degree of spatial heterogeneity
COMPARISON OF ORTHODOX WITH FIBREOPTIC OROTRACHEAL INTUBATION UNDER TOTAL I.V. ANAESTHESIA
Fibreoptic orotracheal intubation was compared with orthodox laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation using a total i.v. technique with propofol in 60 ASA I and II patients. There was no significant difference between the two techniques in haemodynamic profile (before, during and following the intubation procedure) and incidence of postoperative sore throat. Minimal oxygen saturation was 96% during the study; maximal end-tidal PCO2 after intubation was 5.4 kPa. Intubation time was faster (P < 0.01) in the orthodox group (30.7 (SEM 2.3) s) than in the fibreoptic group (52.7 (4.8) s
A Sensor Failure Simulator for Control System Reliability Studies
A real-time Sensor Failure Simulator (SFS) was designed and assembled for the Advanced Detection, Isolation, and Accommodation (ADIA) program. Various designs were considered. The design chosen features an IBM-PC/XT. The PC is used to drive analog circuitry for simulating sensor failures in real-time. A user defined scenario describes the failure simulation for each of the five incoming sensor signals. Capabilities exist for editing, saving, and retrieving the failure scenarios. The SFS has been tested closed-loop with the Controls Interface and Monitoring (CIM) unit, the ADIA control, and a real-time F100 hybrid simulation. From a productivity viewpoint, the menu driven user interface has proven to be efficient and easy to use. From a real-time viewpoint, the software controlling the simulation loop executes at greater than 100 cycles/sec
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