Myofibroblastoma Arising in Mammary Hamartoma: A Case Report

Myofibroblastoma (MFB) is a rare mesenchymal tumor arising in breast's soft tissue with a great variety of microscopic features that can be mistaken with a wide variety of biphasic lesions. The authors report a rare case of myofibroblastoma of the breast arising in a mammary hamartoma (MH), present a review of the clinicopathological features of these lesions, and make some diagnostic considerations. The tumour consisted of a well-circumscribed nodule. MFB component comprised about fifty percent of the lesion and was made up of bipolar spindle cells arranged in fascicular clusters separated by bands of hyalinized collagen. There were fat cells and several residual hamartoma glands intermingled and distorted in MFB area. MFB component was positive for Desmin, CD34, bcl-2, and Calponin. To the best of our knowledge, MFB has not been reported in MH, neither has any of the reports described mammary glands joined within MFB

Combined effects of melatonin and topical hypothermia on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Purpose: To evaluate whether their combination was more effective than either alone in decreasing renal damage due to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods: Thirty-two Wistar rats were assigned to four groups. Following right nephrectomy, their left kidneys were subjected to warm ischemia (IR), cold ischemia (TH+IR), intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg melatonin (MEL+IR), or injection of 10 mg/kg melatonin followed by cold ischemia (MEL+TH+IR). Eight randomly assigned right kidneys constituted the control group. After 240 min of reperfusion, left nephrectomy was performed for histopathological evaluation, lipid peroxidation, and measurement of antioxidant enzyme activity. Serum was collected to measure urea and creatinine concentrations. Results: Histopathological damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion was more attenuated in the MEL+TH+IR group than in the MEL+IR and TH+IR groups (p<0.037). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher (p<0.029) and creatinine (p<0.001) and urea (p<0.001) concentrations were significantly lower in the MEL+TH+IR group than in the MEL+IR and TH+IR groups. Conclusion: The combination of melatonin (MEL) and topical hypothermia (TH) better protects against renal I/R injury than does MEL or TH alone

Case report: Aplastic anaemia and gray matter heterotopias in an autopsy of a 17-year-old puerperal woman

In this report, we present an autopsy case of a 17-year-old girl with aplastic anaemia in the puerperal context, along with the presence of four independent nodular gray matter heterotopias in brain slices. The case is remarkable both by the rareness of the cause of death – septicaemia resulting from immunodepression due to aplastic anaemia in the obstetric context – and the brain morphologic findings unrelated to any known clinical manifestation. Immunohistochemistry was performed in order to ensure the precision of the diagnoses.

The spectrum of biopsy-proven glomerular diseases in a tertiary Hospital in Southern Brazil

Background: The prevalence and distribution of glomerular diseases difer among countries, and the indication to perform a kidney biopsy varies among centres. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of primary and secondary glomerulopathies based on histological diagnoses, and the correlation between glomerulopathies and demographic and clinical data was evaluated. Methods: In this study, 1051 kidney biopsies were retrospectively reviewed between 2000 and 2018. Patient demographic, clinical and laboratory data were assessed. The prevalence of primary glomerulonephritis (PG) and secondary glomerulopathies (SG), as well as tubulointerstitial diseases (TIDs), hereditary nephropathies (HNs) and other diagnoses, were determined. The frequency of primary and secondary glomerulopathies was evaluated by age group, and the temporal variation in frequencies across three time periods (2000-2005, 2006-2011, and 2012-2018) was reported. Results: The prevalence of SG predominated (52.4%), followed by PG (29.6%), other diagnoses (10.7%), TID (6.6%) and HN (1.1%). Among the primary forms of glomerular disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was the most common (37.3%), followed by IgA nephropathy (IgAN, 24.4%), membranous nephropathy (MN, 18.6%) and minimal change disease (MCD, 8.4%). Lupus nephritis (LN, 41.1%) was most common in patients with SG, followed by diabetic kidney disease (DKD, 17.8%), systemic vasculitis (SV, 10.2%) and secondary FSGS (2nd FSGS, 10%). Nephrotic syndrome was the most common clinical presentation in patients with PG and also in patients with DRD and 2nd FSGS, whereas in patients with IgAN and SV, nephritic syndrome was the main presentation. For the age group between 18 and 50 years, LN, FSGS and IgAN predominated; for patients aged between 51 and 65 years, the proportion of DKD and 2nd FSGS increased, and SV was more common in patients >65 years. The temporal variation in PG across the three time periods showed a statistically signifcant increase in IgAN (p =0.001) and a reduction in FSGS over time (p <0.001). In SG, there was a reduction in LN (p =0.027) and an increase in DKD (p <0.001) over time, with a tendency for 2nd FSGS to decrease over time (p =0.053). Conclusions: In the studied kidney biopsy registry, FSGS and IgAN were the most prevalent diagnoses in patients with PG, and LN and DKD were the most prevalent in patients with SG. Nephrotic syndrome was the major indication for biopsy. When comparing the temporal variation in glomerulopathies, there was a reduction in FSGS and an increase in IgAN in patients with PGs over time, and for patients with SGs, there was a reduction in LN with an increase in cases of DKD over time

Case report : aplastic anaemia and gray matter heterotopias in an autopsy of a 17-year-old puerperal woman

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Case report: Aplastic anaemia and gray matter heterotopias in an autopsy of a 17-year-old puerperal woman

In this report, we present an autopsy case of a 17-year-old girl with aplastic anaemia in the puerperal context, along with the presence of four independent nodular gray matter heterotopias in brain slices. The case is remarkable both by the rareness of the cause of death – septicaemia resulting from immunodepression due to aplastic anaemia in the obstetric context – and the brain morphologic findings unrelated to any known clinical manifestation. Immunohistochemistry was performed in order to ensure the precision of the diagnoses

Implementation of a New Experimental Animal Model - Zebrafish

O Danio rerio (zebrafish, paulistinha) é um pequeno peixe de água-doce, que vem sendo utilizado como modelo de animal para o estudo de numerosas doenças humanas. A sua facilidade de manutenção e reprodução e os métodos laboratoriais para sua criação já estão bem estabelecidos. Sua manutenção requer alguns cuidados básicos e a compra de equipamentos específicos, porém estes são de baixo custo. Este peixe é considerado um bom modelo para o estudo de doenças humanas, pode servir como uma relevante plataforma para estudo de eventos moleculares, estratégias terapêuticas e avaliação dos mecanismos fisiológicos de algumas patologias. O Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia (LEHG), do Centro de Pesquisas do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, iniciou em 2008 estudos na área da Hepatologia com o Zebrafish, aqui apresentados.Danio rerio (zebrafish, paulistinha) is a freshwater small fish that has been used as an animal model for studies of several human diseases. Its characteristics of being easily bred and reproduced and its laboratory housing methods are well established. It requires some basic care and the acquisition of specific low-cost equipment. Since this fish has already been considered a good human disease model, it may serve as a powerful preclinical platform for the study of molecular events, therapeutic strategies, and for evaluating the physiological mechanisms of some pathologies. The Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology (LEHG) of the Research Center of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre initiated studies with the zebrafish in 2008, presented here

Implementation of a new experimental animal model : Zebrafish

O Danio rerio (zebrafish, paulistinha) é um pequeno peixe de água-doce, que vem sendo utilizado como modelo de animal para o estudo de numerosas doenças humanas. A sua facilidade de manutenção e reprodução e os métodos laboratoriais para sua criação já estão bem estabelecidos. Sua manutenção requer alguns cuidados básicos e a compra de equipamentos específicos, porém estes são de baixo custo. Este peixe é considerado um bom modelo para o estudo de doenças humanas, pode servir como uma relevante plataforma para estudo de eventos moleculares, estratégias terapêuticas e avaliação dos mecanismos fisiológicos de algumas patologias. O Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia (LEHG), do Centro de Pesquisas do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, iniciou em 2008 estudos na área da Hepatologia com o Zebrafish, aqui apresentados.Danio rerio (zebrafish, paulistinha) is a freshwater small fish that has been used as an animal model for studies of several human diseases. Its characteristics of being easily bred and reproduced and its laboratory housing methods are well established. It requires some basic care and the acquisition of specific low-cost equipment. Since this fish has already been considered a good human disease model, it may serve as a powerful preclinical platform for the study of molecular events, therapeutic strategies, and for evaluating the physiological mechanisms of some pathologies. The Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology (LEHG) of the Research Center of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre initiated studies with the zebrafish in 2008, presented here