A dual-center validation of the PIRAMD scoring system for assessing the severity of ischemic Moyamoya disease

Prior Infarcts, Reactivity, and Angiography in Moyamoya Disease (PIRAMD) is a recently proposed imaging-based scoring system that incorporates the severity of disease and its impact on parenchymal hemodynamics in order to better support clinical management and evaluate response to intervention. In particular, PIRAMD may have merit in identifying symptomatic patients that may benefit most from revascularization. Our aim was to validate the PIRAMD scoring system

Endovascular Stroke Treatment and Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Anticoagulated Patients.

Background and Purpose- We aimed to determine the safety and mortality after mechanical thrombectomy in patients taking vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Methods- In a multicenter observational cohort study, we used multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate associations of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) with VKA or DOAC prescription before thrombectomy as compared with no anticoagulation. The primary outcomes were the rate of sICH and all-cause mortality at 90 days, incorporating sensitivity analysis regarding confirmed therapeutic anticoagulation. Additionally, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature on this topic. Results- Altogether, 1932 patients were included (VKA, n=222; DOAC, n=98; no anticoagulation, n=1612); median age, 74 years (interquartile range, 62-82); 49.6% women. VKA prescription was associated with increased odds for sICH and mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.55 [95% CI, 1.35-4.84] and 1.64 [95% CI, 1.09-2.47]) as compared with the control group, whereas no association with DOAC intake was observed (aOR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.29-3.35] and 1.35 [95% CI, 0.72-2.53]). Sensitivity analyses considering only patients within the confirmed therapeutic anticoagulation range did not alter the findings. A study-level meta-analysis incorporating data from 7462 patients (855 VKAs, 318 DOACs, and 6289 controls) from 15 observational cohorts corroborated these observations, yielding an increased rate of sICH in VKA patients (aOR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.22-2.17]) but not in DOAC patients (aOR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.60-1.80]). Conclusions- Patients taking VKA have an increased risk of sICH and mortality after mechanical thrombectomy. The lower risk of sICH associated with DOAC may also be noticeable in the acute setting. Improved selection might be advisable in VKA-treated patients. Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03496064. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: CRD42019127464

Quantification of structural cerebral abnormalities on MRI 18 months after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients who received endovascular treatment

Volume measurements performed on brain MRI after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may provide insight into the structural abnormalities that underlie the commonly occurring and persistent long-term functional deficits after aSAH. We examined the pattern of long-term cerebral structural changes on MRI in relation to known risk factors for poor functional outcome. We studied MRI scans from 38 patients who received endovascular treatment and were not dependent for activities of daily life at 18 months after aSAH. Risk factors for poor functional outcome (clinical condition, Hijdra score, and bicaudate index on admission; occurrence of hydrocephalus or delayed cerebral infarction during hospitalization) were related to supratentorial cerebral parenchymal and lateral ventricular volumes on MRI with linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and intracranial volume. Clinical condition, Hijdra score, and bicaudate index on admission were not related to cerebral parenchymal volume at 18 months. A higher bicaudate index on admission was related to lateral ventricular enlargement at 18 months after aSAH (Beta; 95%CI: 0.51; 0.14a dagger"0.88). Delayed cerebral infarction was related to smaller cerebral parenchymal volumes (-0.14; -0.25a dagger"a'0.04) and to lateral ventricular enlargement (0.49; 0.16a dagger"0.83) at 18 months. Volume measurements of the brain are able to quantify patterns of long-term cerebral damage in relation to different risk factors after aSAH. Application of volumetric techniques may provide more insight into the heterogeneous underlying pathophysiological processes. After confirmation of these results in larger studies, volumetric measures might even be used as outcome measures in future treatment studies

Association of initial imaging modality and futile recanalization after thrombectomy.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that selection by initial imaging modality (MRI vs CT) is associated with rate of futile recanalizations (FR) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT), we assessed this association in a multicenter, retrospective observational registry (BEYOND-SWIFT, NCT03496064). METHODS In 2011 patients (49.7% female, median age 73 [61-81]) included between 2009 and 2017, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses regarding the occurrence of FR. FR were defined as 90 days modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 4-6 despite successful recanalization in patients selected by MRI (N = 690) and CT (N = 1,321) with a sensitivity analysis considering only patients with mRS 5-6 as futile. RESULTS MRI as compared to CT resulted in similar rates of subsequent MT (aOR 1.048, 95% CI 0.677-1.624). Rates of FR were as follows: 571/1,489 (38%) FR mRS 4-6 including 393/1,489 (26%) FR mRS 5-6. CT based selection was associated with increased rates of futile recanalizations compared to MRI (44% [41%-47%] vs 29% [25%-32%], p < 0.001; aOR 1.77 [95%-CI: 1.25-2.51]). These findings were robust in sensitivity analysis. MRI-selected patients had a delay of approximately 30 minutes in workflow metrics in real-world university comprehensive stroke centers. However, functional outcome and mortality were more favorable in patients selected by MRI compared to patients selected with CT. CONCLUSIONS CT-selection for MT was associated with an increased risk of futile recanalizations as compared to MR-selection. Efforts are still needed to shorten workflow delays in MRI patients. Further research is needed to clarify the role of the initial imaging modality on FR occurrence and to develop a reliable FR prediction algorithm

Long-Term Recurrent Subarachnoid Hemorrhage After Adequate Coiling Versus Clipping of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Background and Purpose-Coiling is increasingly used as treatment for intracranial aneurysms. Despite its favorable short-term outcome, concerns exist about long-term reopening and inherent risk of recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We hypothesized a higher risk for recurrent SAH after adequate coiling compared with clipping. Methods-Patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms coiled between 1994 and 2002 with adequate (>90%) aneurysm occlusion at 6-month follow-up angiograms were included. We interviewed these patients about new episodes of SAH. By survival analysis, we assessed the cumulative incidence of recurrent SAH after coiling and compared it with the incidence of recurrent SAH in a cohort of 748 patients with clipped aneurysms by calculating age and sex-adjusted hazard ratios. Results-Of 283 coiled patients with a total follow-up of 1778 patient-years (mean, 6.3 years), one patient had a recurrent SAH (0.4%) and 2 patients had a possible recurrent SAH. For recurrent SAH within the first 8 years after treatment, the cumulative incidence was 0.4% (95% CI, -0.4 to 1.2) after coiling versus 2.6% ( 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0) after clipping (hazard ratio, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.03 to 1.6). For possible and confirmed recurrent SAH combined, the cumulative incidence was 0.7% (95% CI, 0.3 to 1.7) after coiling versus 3.0% (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.6) after clipping (hazard ratio, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.2 to 2.3). Conclusion-Patients with adequately occluded aneurysms by coiling at short-term follow-up are at low risk for recurrent SAH in the long term. Within the first 8 years after treatment, the risk of recurrent SAH is not higher after adequate coiling than after clipping. (Stroke. 2009;40:1758-1763.

Toward a Better Understanding of Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Endovascular Stroke Treatment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

There are many unknowns when it comes to the role of sex in the pathophysiology and management of acute ischemic stroke. This is particularly true for endovascular treatment (EVT). It has only recently been established as standard of care; therefore, data are even more scarce and conflicting compared with other areas of acute stroke. Assessing the role of sex and gender as isolated variables is challenging because they are closely intertwined with each other, as well as with patients' cultural, ethnic, and social backgrounds. Nevertheless, a better understanding of sex- and gender-related differences in EVT is important to develop strategies that can ultimately improve individualized outcome for both men and women. Disregarding patient sex and gender and pursuing a one-size-fits-all strategy may lead to suboptimal or even harmful treatment practices. This scientific statement is meant to outline knowledge gaps and unmet needs for future research on the role of sex and gender in EVT for acute ischemic stroke. It also provides a pragmatic road map for researchers who aim to investigate sex- and gender-related differences in EVT and for clinicians who wish to improve clinical care of their patients undergoing EVT by accounting for sex- and gender-specific factors. Although most EVT studies, including those that form the basis of this scientific statement, report patient sex rather than gender, open questions on gender-specific EVT differences are also discussed

An international survey of perceptions of the 2014 FIFA World Cup: National levels of corruption as a context for perceptions of institutional corruption

International audienceWe conducted a survey about the 2014 FIFA World Cup that measured attitudes about FIFA, players, and officials in 18 languages with 4600 respondents from 29 countries. Sixty percent of respondents perceived FIFA officials as being dishonest, and people from countries with less institutional corruption and stronger rule of law perceived FIFA officials as being more corrupt and less competent running the tournament than people from countries with more corruption and weaker rule of law. In contrast, respondents evaluated players as skilled and honest and match officials as competent and honest. We discuss the implications of our findings for perceptions of corruption in general

Mechanical thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion: efficacy, outcomes, and futile recanalization in comparison with the anterior circulation.

BACKGROUND Performing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is currently not evidence-based. OBJECTIVE To compare patients' outcome, relative merits of achieving recanalization, and predictors of futile recanalization (FR) between BAO and anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (ACLVO) MT. METHODS In the multicenter BEYOND-SWIFT registry (NCT03496064), univariate and multivariate (displayed as adjusted Odds Ratios, aOR and 95% confidence intervals, 95%-CI) outcome comparisons between BAO (N=165) and ACLVO (N=1574) were performed. The primary outcome was favorable outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale, mRS 0-2). Secondary outcome included mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and FR. The relative merits of achieving successful recanalization between ACLVO and BAO were evaluated with interaction terms. RESULTS MT in BAO was more often technically effective and equally safe in regards to mortality and sICH when compared to ACLVO. When adjusting for baseline differences, there was no significant difference between BAO vs ACLVO regarding rates of favorable outcome (aOR 0.986, 95%-CI 0.553 - 1.758). However, BAO were associated with increased rates of FR (aOR 2.146, 95%-CI 1.267 - 3.633). Predictors for FR were age, stroke severity, maneuver count and intracranial stenting. No significant heterogeneity on the relative merits of achieving successful recanalization on several outcome parameters were observed when comparing BAO and ACLVO. CONCLUSIONS In selected patients, similar outcomes can be achieved in BAO and ACLVO patients treated with MT. Randomized controlled trials comparing patient selection and interventional strategies seem warranted to avoid FR. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03496064