"Learning something" and "having fun". Modulations of the dealing with the subject in learning in extracurricular activities

Außerunterrichtliche Angebote bilden einen Schwerpunkt in Ganztagsschulen. In der Ganztagsdebatte werden weitreichende Erwartungen einer Öffnung von Schule an sie adressiert. Die Angebote sollen etwas anderes als "Unterricht" bieten und sozialpädagogischen Prinzipien wie Partizipation, Freiwilligkeit, Lebensweltorientierung und Alltagsbildung Raum geben. Anders als die standardisierte Forschung zu Prozessqualität und Wirkungen von Ganztagsschule ermöglichen die ethnographischen Beobachtungen aus dem DFG-Projekt JenUs eine Analyse des Binnengeschehens außerunterrichtlicher Angebote. Im Beitrag werden Ergebnisse einer Typenbildung zur Lernkultur vorgestellt, deren tertium comparationis der Fokus auf den Umgang mit der Sache ist. Leitend für die Typenbildung ist die Modulation des Umgangs mit der Sache im Spannungsfeld von "etwas lernen" und "Spaß haben". Die Typen werden in Bezug auf ihre Nähe und Ferne zu Formelementen von Unterricht und sozialpädagogischen Angebotslogiken diskutiert. Insgesamt soll damit ein Beitrag zur Forschung über die Diversifizierung der schulischen Lernkultur geleistet werden. (DIPF/Orig.)Extra-curricular activities are central for all-day schools and related to expectations of an opening of school. Their practice is intended to offer something other than "lessons" and to give space to principles such as participation orientation towards the Life-world. In contrast to quantitative research on the process quality and effects of all-day schools, our ethnographic observations from the DFG founded project JenUs allow an analysis of the inner logic of extra-curricular activities. The article presents the results of a type construction on learning culture whose tertium comparationis is focused on dealing with the subject in learning. Modulations in the field of tension between "learning something" and "having fun" are the guiding principles for type construction. The types are discussed with regard to their proximity and distance to the formation of teaching or after school programs. The overall aim is to contribute to research on the diversification of the school learning culture. (DIPF/Orig.

Effects of dendritic core-shell glycoarchitectures on primary mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts obtained from different human donors

The biological impact of novel nano-scaled drug delivery vehicles in highly topical therapies of bone diseases have to be investigated in vitro before starting in vivo trials. Highly desired features for these materials are a good cellular uptake, large transport capacity for drugs and a good bio-compatibility. Essentially the latter has to be addressed as first point on the agenda. We present a study on the biological interaction of maltose-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI-Mal) on primary human mesenchymal stem cell, harvested from reaming debris (rdMSC) and osteoblasts obtained from four different male donors. PEI-Mal-nanoparticles with two different molecular weights of the PEI core (5000 g/mol for PEI-5k-Mal-B and 25,000 g/mol for PEI-25k-Mal-B) have been administered to both cell lines. As well dose as incubation-time dependent effects and interactions have been researched for concentrations between 1 μg/ml to 1 mg/ml and periods of 24 h up to 28 days. Studies conducted by different methods of microscopy as light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, transmission-electron-microscopy and quantitative assays (LDH and DC-protein) indicate as well a good cellular uptake of the nanoparticles as a particle- and concentration-dependent impact on the cellular macro- and micro-structure of the rdMSC samples. In all experiments PEI-5k-Mal-B exhibits a superior biocompatibility compared to PEI-25k-Mal-B. At higher concentrations PEI-25k-Mal-B is toxic and induces a directly observable mitochondrial damage. The alkaline phosphatase assay (ALP), has been conducted to check on the possible influence of nanoparticles on the differentiation capabilities of rdMSC to osteoblasts. In addition the production of mineralized matrix has been shown by von-Kossa stained samples. No influence of the nanoparticles on the ALP per cell has been detected. Additionally, for all experiments, results are strongly influenced by a large donor-to-donor variability of the four different rdMSC samples. To summarize, while featuring a good cellular uptake, PEI-5k-Mal-B induces only minimal adverse effects and features clearly superior biocompatibility compared to the larger PEI-25k-Mal-B

Effects of dendritic core-shell glycoarchitectures on primary mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts obtained from different human donors

The biological impact of novel nano-scaled drug delivery vehicles in highly topical therapies of bone diseases have to be investigated in vitro before starting in vivo trials. Highly desired features for these materials are a good cellular uptake, large transport capacity for drugs and a good bio-compatibility. Essentially the latter has to be addressed as first point on the agenda. We present a study on the biological interaction of maltose-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI-Mal) on primary human mesenchymal stem cell, harvested from reaming debris (rdMSC) and osteoblasts obtained from four different male donors. PEI-Mal-nanoparticles with two different molecular weights of the PEI core (5000 g/mol for PEI-5k-Mal-B and 25,000 g/mol for PEI-25k-Mal-B) have been administered to both cell lines. As well dose as incubation-time dependent effects and interactions have been researched for concentrations between 1 μg/ml to 1 mg/ml and periods of 24 h up to 28 days. Studies conducted by different methods of microscopy as light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, transmission-electron-microscopy and quantitative assays (LDH and DC-protein) indicate as well a good cellular uptake of the nanoparticles as a particle- and concentration-dependent impact on the cellular macro- and micro-structure of the rdMSC samples. In all experiments PEI-5k-Mal-B exhibits a superior biocompatibility compared to PEI-25k-Mal-B. At higher concentrations PEI-25k-Mal-B is toxic and induces a directly observable mitochondrial damage. The alkaline phosphatase assay (ALP), has been conducted to check on the possible influence of nanoparticles on the differentiation capabilities of rdMSC to osteoblasts. In addition the production of mineralized matrix has been shown by von-Kossa stained samples. No influence of the nanoparticles on the ALP per cell has been detected. Additionally, for all experiments, results are strongly influenced by a large donor-to-donor variability of the four different rdMSC samples. To summarize, while featuring a good cellular uptake, PEI-5k-Mal-B induces only minimal adverse effects and features clearly superior biocompatibility compared to the larger PEI-25k-Mal-B

At the school\u27s borders. Approaches to learning and teaching in all-day schools far away from the classroom

Für die Ganztagsschulentwicklung sind außerunterrichtliche Angebote am Nachmittag zentral. In der Fachdiskussion zur Ganztagsbildung wird konzeptionell diskutiert, inwiefern in diesen Angeboten ein anderes Lernen jenseits des Unterrichts ermöglicht wird. Einschlägige Befunde der standardisierten Ganztagsschulforschung liegen vor. Eine ethnografische Ganztagsschulforschung kann durch ihre Innensicht auf das Nachmittagsprogramm zur Empirie wie auch zur Theoriedebatte beitragen. (DIPF/Orig.)Extra-curricular activities in the afternoon play a central role in the development of all-day schools. In the debate on all-day education, questions on the extent to which these arrangements enable learning beyond the classroom are discussed. Relevant findings from standardized all-day school research are available. An ethnographic approach can contribute to research as well as to the theoretical debate through its inner view of the afternoon program. (DIPF/Orig.

The Holstein Friesian Lethal Haplotype 5 (HH5) Results from a Complete Deletion of <i>TBF1M</i> and Cholesterol Deficiency (CDH) from an ERV-(LTR) Insertion into the Coding Region of <i>APOB</i>

<div><p>Background</p><p>With the availability of massive SNP data for several economically important cattle breeds, haplotype tests have been performed to identify unknown recessive disorders. A number of so-called lethal haplotypes, have been uncovered in Holstein Friesian cattle and, for at least seven of these, the causative mutations have been identified in candidate genes. However, several lethal haplotypes still remain elusive. Here we report the molecular genetic causes of lethal haplotype 5 (HH5) and cholesterol deficiency (CDH). A targeted enrichment for the known genomic regions, followed by massive parallel sequencing was used to interrogate for causative mutations in a case/control approach.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Targeted enrichment for the known genomic regions, followed by massive parallel sequencing was used in a case/control approach. PCRs for the causing mutations were developed and compared to routine imputing in 2,100 (HH5) and 3,100 (CDH) cattle.</p><p>Results</p><p>HH5 is caused by a deletion of 138kbp, spanning position 93,233kb to 93,371kb on chromosome 9 (BTA9), harboring only dimethyl-adenosine transferase 1 (<i>TFB1M</i>). The deletion breakpoints are flanked by bovine long interspersed nuclear elements Bov-B (upstream) and L1ME3 (downstream), suggesting a homologous recombination/deletion event. TFB1M di-methylates adenine residues in the hairpin loop at the 3’-end of mitochondrial 12S rRNA, being essential for synthesis and function of the small ribosomal subunit of mitochondria. Homozygous <i>TFB1M</i>^-/- mice reportedly exhibit embryonal lethality with developmental defects. A 2.8% allelic frequency was determined for the German HF population. CDH results from a 1.3kbp insertion of an endogenous retrovirus (ERV2-1-LTR_BT) into exon 5 of the <i>APOB</i> gene at BTA11:77,959kb. The insertion is flanked by 6bp target site duplications as described for insertions mediated by retroviral integrases. A premature stop codon in the open reading frame of <i>APOB</i> is generated, resulting in a truncation of the protein to a length of only <140 amino acids. Such early truncations have been shown to cause an inability of chylomicron excretion from intestinal cells, resulting in malabsorption of cholesterol. The allelic frequency of this mutation in the German HF population was 6.7%, which is substantially higher than reported so far. Compared to PCR assays inferring the genetic variants directly, the routine imputing used so far showed a diagnostic sensitivity of as low as 91% (HH5) and 88% (CDH), with a high specificity for both (≥99.7%).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>With the availability of direct genetic tests it will now be possible to more effectively reduce the carrier frequency and ultimately eliminate the disorders from the HF populations. Beside this, the fact that repetitive genomic elements (RE) are involved in both diseases, underline the evolutionary importance of RE, which can be detrimental as here, but also advantageous over generations.</p></div

Overview over lethal haplotype frequencies in a subset of the German HF population.

<p>Overview over lethal haplotype frequencies in a subset of the German HF population.</p

Lipid status of cattle grouped by CD mutation.

<p>Lipid status of cattle grouped by CD mutation.</p

Let's do the Time Warp again: subjective and behavioral presence measurement and interactivity in the collaborative augmented reality game TimeWarp

Presence measurements are traditionally using a variety of subjective and objective measures. However, constraints often result in subjective measurements using questionnaires as a key method of data collection. In this paper we present a study of 44 participants of an augmented reality game known as TimeWarp which used both subjective and objective behavioural measures where both video recordings and self- reports about feelings of presence were compared. Our findings indicate that pointing behaviour and verbal responses to virtual content within an augmented reality scene are correlated negatively to sense of presence. As a result the paper indicates that there are behavioural measures that correlate and can predict subjective feelings of presence in the augmented reality game