Fairphone a social enterprise on its challenging way to expand beyond the niche market and make fairer smartphones an attractive alternative for mass consumers

The purpose of this work project is to give students insights into a pioneering social enterprise in the consumer electronics industry, a sector that is often associated with negative social and environmental impacts and involves very complex supply chains which make the establishment of sustainability measures in lower tiers difficult. This work aims to describe and analyse Fair-phone’s history, its approach towards increasing its phones’ “fairness”, and tensions that the company has encountered in the course of its growth-process. Through a case study format, students also learn about sustainability issues in the consumer electronics industry and related political reactions, and about Fairphone’s competitors and their sustainability approaches

Der testfreundliche Entwurf asynchroner Schaltungen

[no abstract

Ernährungsverhalten und Freizeitgewohnheiten von Studentinnen und Studenten sowie retrospektive Evaluation der Ernährungslehre im Rahmen des Schulunterrichts

Thema der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit war die Analyse der Ernährungsgewohnheiten und des Freizeitverhaltens von Studenten und Studentinnen. Darüber hinaus erfolgte eine retrospektive Evaluierung der Ernährungslehre im Rahmen des Schulunterrichts, im Speziellen des Biologieunterrichts. Im Zeitraum von Anfang März 2010 bis Ende April 2010 wurden Daten von 179 StudentInnen (133 Frauen, 46 Männer) aus Wien erhoben. Mittels eines eigens für diese Diplomarbeit erstellten Fragebogens wurden neben Körpergewicht und Körperhöhe auch Ernährungsgewohnheiten und Freizeitgestaltung der StudentInnen erfasst. Auch der Stellenwert des Biologieunterrichts in punkto Ernährungslehre wurde ermittelt. Die erhobenen Daten wurden im Anschluss quantitativ mit Hilfe des Statistikprogrammes SPSS ausgewertet. Ziel der Studie war die Analyse des Ernährungsverhalten und der Freizeitgestaltung von Studenten und Studentinnen hinsichtlich geschlechtstypischer Unterschiede, sowie die Bedeutung der Ernährungslehre im Rahmen des Biologieunterrichts für späteres Ess- und Freizeitverhalten. Es zeigte sich, dass im Biologieunterricht der ProbandInnen das Thema Ernährung eine eher untergeordnete Rolle gespielt hatte. 74,1% der Befragten gaben an, dass ihr Wissen über Ernährung nicht aus dem Biologieunterricht stammt. Auch in anderen Unterrichtsgegenständen wurde Ernährungslehre kaum thematisiert. Signifikante geschlechtstypische Unterschiede in den Essgewohnheiten konnten nicht festgestellt werden. Es zeigte sich lediglich eine höhere Prävalenz von Übergewicht bei den männlichen Studienteilnehmern. Auch hinsichtlich der Freizeitgestaltung konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen weiblichen und männlichen Probandinnen beobachtet werden. Frauen bevorzugten häufiger Aktivitäten in der Natur, während Männer ihre Freizeit eher vor Computer und Fernsehgerät verbringen. Ein signifikanter Zusammenhang von Gewichtsstatus und Freizeitgestaltung konnte nicht festgestellt werden.This diploma thesis deals with the dietary habits and the leisure behaviour of students, and it further questions to what extent nutrition topics are addressed at school, in particular in biology classes. The main part of this thesis is formed by the empirical study conducted with Vienna students from the beginning of March 2010 to the end of April 2010. 179 persons (133 female, 46 male) participated in the study. The study was conducted on the basis of questionnaires ascertaining personal data such as weight and body size as well as dietary habits and leisure activities of the students. A main issue was the role biology classes played with respect to dietetics. The collected data were then assessed by the statistical analysis programme SPSS. The purpose of the survey was to determine the food habits and leisure activities of students and to find out whether it is possible to ascertain gender-specific differences. A further issue was to analyse the role biology classes play with respect to nutrition education at school. The findings show that with the interviewees’ education, dietary topics played only a minor part in biology classes. 74.1% of the interviewees said that their knowledge on nutrition did not come from biology lessons. Dietary topics were likewise of little importance in other subjects. The study showed no significant differences in the dietary habits of male and female interviewees, only a higher prevalence for overweight with male interviewees. No significant differences could be ascertained in the leisure activities of female and male interviewees. Some differences appeared however with respect to outdoor activities and media consumption. During their free time, the male interviewees used media such as computers and television more often than women, while the female interviewees preferred outdoor activities. The weight status had no bearing on the chosen types of leisure activities

Selbstbezogene Fähigkeitskognitionen und Schulleistungen: Kausale Ordnung und Urteilsgenauigkeit der Lehrkräfte

Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurde in zwei empirischen Arbeiten mit zwei Messzeitpunkten die kausale Ordnung zwischen selbstbezogenen Fähigkeitskognitionen und Schulleistungen mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellen evaluiert. Während in der ersten Studie der reziproke Zusammenhang zwischen dem verbalen Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept und den Leistungen im Lesen und in Rechtschreiben vom fünften bis zum siebten Schuljahr überprüft wurde, fokussierte die zweite Studie den Zusammenhang zwischen Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen und Leistungen im Lesen und in Mathematik innerhalb des siebten Schuljahres. Hierbei wurde jeweils eine mögliche Moderation durch den Migrationshintergrund durch die Invarianz der Mess- und Strukturmodelle getestet. In einer dritten empirischen Studie wurde querschnittlich die Urteilsgenauigkeit von Lehrkräften in Bezug auf die lesespezifischen Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen ihrer Schulkinder mehrebenenanalytisch unter Berücksichtigung von Prädiktoren auf der Individualebene und der Schulklassenebene untersucht. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde ein möglicher differenzieller Einfluss des Migrationshintergrundes auf die Urteile von Lehrkräften durch die Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Herkunftsgruppen untersucht. Während die erste Studie die Annahme reziproker Effekte zwischen sprachlichen Leistungen und dem verbalen Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept bestätigte, wiesen die Ergebnisse der zweiten Studie auf kausale Effekte in unterschiedlichen Richtungen hin. Beide Studien weisen jedoch auf die kulturelle Übertragbarkeit der Befunde hin. In der dritten Studie zeigten die Lehrkräfte eine schwache Urteilsgenauigkeit und eine differenzielle Beurteilung insbesondere für Kinder mit einem türkischen Migrationshintergrund. Die Ergebnisse der drei Studien werden abschließend zusammengefasst und mit Blick auf offene Forschungsfragen und praktische Implikationen diskutiert

Cross-cultural differences in academic self-efficacy and its sources across socialization contexts

This study investigated how as reported by Bandura (Self-efficacy: The exercise of control Freeman, 1997) sources of self-efficacy differ across socialization contexts for German students with diverse immigrant backgrounds. We measured all four sources of academic self-efficacy in three socialization contexts for students of former Soviet Union and Turkish descent as well as without an immigrant background, assuming that we would find differences between these groups. Participants were 1217 seventh-grade students in Germany. Multigroup structural equation analyses with latent variables revealed the differential importance of socialization contexts for the relation between academic self-efficacy and its sources across groups. For students of former Soviet Union and Turkish descent, verbal or social persuasion is the strongest contributing factor for academic self-efficacy, whereas for students without an immigrant background, it is mastery experience. In the school context, significant relationships between sources of self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy could only be observed for students without an immigrant background. The results both support and refine Bandura’s social cognitive theory by showing that self-related constructs function differently in students with culturally diverse immigrant backgrounds

Impact of snow state variation for design flood simulations in glacierized catchments

A continuously running hydrological energy balance model was used to analyse the influence of different snow covers on the formation of large floods within glacierized catchments. Model outputs from three different catchments in the Austrian Alps with glacierizations ranging from 30 to 39% were statistically interpreted to cover a wide range of possible combinations of areal snow cover distribution and mean snow water equivalent (SWE_m) and to define initialisation values for extreme runoff scenarios. These model states consider snow conditions between less than 10% snow coverage up to almost complete snow coverage, with different snow depths represented by minimum, mean or maximum levels of SWE_m. For the utilization of extreme runoffs, these snow cover states were combined with design storm input data. An analysis of the resulting flood hydrographs showed that the maximum runoff values occur with minimal snow cover conditions. With increasing snow coverage and SWE_m, flow magnitudes tend to decrease while the relevant precipitation time increases significantly. The influence of topographical catchment features, snow cover and SWE_m on the simulated scenario discharge is discussed. The contribution of the different runoff components to the modelled peak flows confirms the assumption that floods in glacierized catchments are a combination of directly discharging rain and ice melt

Sprache im italienischen Erdkundeunterricht

The author examines linguistic challenges faced by learners at the end of lower secondary level in subject education. Her empirical data come from schools in Italy. It identifies discrepancies between learners' use of language and the registers used in textbooks and by teachers. The analyses focus on vocabulary and explore other linguistic aspects and the role of language educators

Erinnerungen an Herrn Carl Renatus Hausen über seine Pragmatische Geschichte der Protestanten in Deutschland und deren ersten Theil

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1335151~S1*es

Snow accumulation of a high alpine catchment derived from LiDAR measurements

The spatial distribution of snow accumulation substantially affects the seasonal course of water storage and runoff generation in high mountain catchments. Whereas the areal extent of snow cover can be recorded by satellite data, spatial distribution of snow depth and hence snow water equivalent (SWE) is difficult to measure on catchment scale. In this study we present the application of airborne LiDAR (Light Detecting And Ranging) data to extract snow depths and accumulation distribution in an alpine catchment. <br><br> Airborne LiDAR measurements were performed in a glacierized catchment in the Ötztal Alps at the beginning and the end of three accumulation seasons. The resulting digital elevation models (DEMs) were used to calculate surface elevation changes throughout the winter season. These surface elevation changes were primarily referred to as snow depths and are discussed concerning measured precipitation and the spatial characteristics of the accumulation distribution in glacierized and unglacierized areas. To determine the redistribution of catchment precipitation, snow depths were converted into SWE using a simple regression model. Snow accumulation gradients and snow redistribution were evaluated for 100 m elevation bands. <br><br> Mean surface elevation changes of the whole catchment ranges from 1.97 m to 2.65 m within the analyzed accumulation seasons. By analyzing the distribution of the snow depths, elevation dependent patterns were obtained as a function of the topography in terms of aspect and slope. The high resolution DEMs show clearly the higher variation of snow depths in rough unglacierized areas compared to snow depths on smooth glacier surfaces. Mean snow depths in glacierized areas are higher than in unglacierized areas. Maximum mean snow depths of 100 m elevation bands are found between 2900 m and 3000 m a.s.l. in unglacierized areas and between 2800 m and 2900 m a.s.l. in glacierized areas, respectively. Calculated accumulation gradients range from 8% to 13% per 100 m elevation band in the observed catchment. Elevation distribution of accumulation calculated by applying these seasonal gradients in comparison to elevation distribution of SWE obtained from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data show the total redistribution of snow from higher to lower elevation bands. <br><br> Revealing both, information about the spatial distribution of snow depths and hence the volume of the snow pack, ALS data are an important source for extensive snow accumulation measurements in high alpine catchments. These information about the spatial characteristics of snow distribution are crucial for calibrating hydrological models in order to realistically compute temporal runoff generation by snow melt

Transformation der Energiesysteme : Ein kompakter Überblick zur Energieforschung an der Leibniz Universität Hannover

[no abstract available