Genomic destabilization at Copy Number Variable Loci in Intersubspecific Hybrids of Mus musculus ssps.

Copy number variation (CNV) contributes significantly to natural genetic variation within and between populations. However, the mutational mechanisms leading to copy number variation, as well as the processes that control the size of CNV regions are so far not well understood. This thesis deals with CNVs containing X- and Y- linked members of a large gene family in Mus musculus ssps. The phenomenon that CNV regions show dramatic copy number amplifications in intersubspecific hybrids of M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus is described. This is observed in natural and laboratory-bred hybrids. Extreme Copy number amplification, not found in wild-caught hybrids, can be generated under laboratory conditions, suggesting that there is a selection against this CNV destabilization phenomenon in the wild. Specific analysis of hybrid males indicates that neither meiotic recombination nor inter-chromosomal exchange is required for this to occur, suggesting intrachromosomal (i.e. sister chromatid) exchange that can occur at an elevated frequency in intersubspecific crosses. As confirmation, I can detect a greater number of somatic CNVs between organs in hybrid individuals than in pure-breds and disruptions in DNA repair pathways known to regulate sister chromatid exchange also appear to be misregulated in some hybrids. It appears that the relative stability of CNV loci in pure-breeding populations can be disrupted in crosses with animals from another population, and this relies on mutational mechanisms acting during development. This finding offers a unique perspective on reproductive isolation and may be important for understanding the build-up of genetic incompatibilities between these subspecies

House mouse colonization patterns on the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Archipelago suggest singular primary invasions and resilience against re-invasion

Starting from Western Europe, the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) has spread across the globe in historic times. However, most oceanic islands were colonized by mice only within the past 300 years. This makes them an excellent model for studying the evolutionary processes during early stages of new colonization. We have focused here on the Kerguelen Archipelago, located within the sub-Antarctic area and compare the patterns with samples from other Southern Ocean islands

Genomic resources for wild populations of the house mouse, Mus musculus and its close relative Mus spretus

WOS: 000390231600001PubMed ID: 27622383Wild populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus) represent the raw genetic material for the classical inbred strains in biomedical research and are a major model system for evolutionary biology. We provide whole genome sequencing data of individuals representing natural populations of M. m. domesticus (24 individuals from 3 populations), M. m. helgolandicus (3 individuals), M. m. musculus (22 individuals from 3 populations) and M. spretus (8 individuals from one population). We use a single pipeline to map and call variants for these individuals and also include 10 additional individuals of M. m. castaneus for which genomic data are publically available. In addition, RNAseq data were obtained from 10 tissues of up to eight adult individuals from each of the three M. m. domesticus populations for which genomic data were collected. Data and analyses are presented via tracks viewable in the UCSC or IGV genome browsers. We also provide information on available outbred stocks and instructions on how to keep them in the laboratory.Max-Planck Society; DFG [HA 3139/4-1]; ERC [322564]; contract-research-project for the Bundeswehr Medical Service [M/SABX/005]This work was mostly financed by institutional resources of the Max-Planck Society, a DFG grant to B.H. and M.T. (HA 3139/4-1) and an ERC grant to D.T. (NewGenes, 322564). We thank Sonja Ihle, Susanne Krochter, Ruth Rottscheidt for contributing to collecting animals in the wild and our animal care takers for active involvement of optimizing the scheme for wild mouse keeping. The initial analysis of mice from Afghanistan was funded by contract-research-project for the Bundeswehr Medical Service M/SABX/005. We thank Bastian Pfeifer for help with software package PopGenome, Leslie Turner for discussion and Daniel M. Hooper and Trevor Price for helpful comments on the manuscript. D.T. had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis

Expression, regulation and functional interactions of the Tbx20 homologs in Drosophilia heart development

Some pages are in colour.Bibliography: p. 109-11