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MicroRNA 146a is associated with diabetic complications in type 1 diabetic patients from the EURODIAB PCS
Background: MicroRNA-146a-5p (miR-146a-5p) is a key regulator of inflammatory processes. Expression of miR-
146a-5p is altered in target organs of diabetic complications and deficiency of miR-146a-5p has been implicated in
their pathogenesis. We investigated if serum miR-146a-5p levels were independently associated with micro/macrovascular
complications of type 1 diabetes (DM1).
Methods: A nested case–control study from the EURODIAB PCS of 447 DM1 patients was performed. Cases (n = 294)
had one or more complications of diabetes, whereas controls (n = 153) did not have any complication. Total RNA was
isolated from all subjects and miR-146a-5p levels measured by qPCR. Both the endogenous controls U6 snRNA and
the spike (Cel-miR-39) were used to normalize the results. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to investigate
the association of miR-146a-5p with diabetes complications.
Results: MiR-146a-5p levels were significantly lower in cases [1.15 (0.32–3.34)] compared to controls [1.74 (0.44–6.74)
P = 0.039]. Logistic regression analysis showed that levels of miR-146a-5p in the upper quartile were inversely associated
with reduced odds ratio (OR) of all complications (OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.14–0.76]) and particularly with cardiovascular
diseases (CVD) (OR 0.31 [95% CI 0.11–0.84]) and diabetic retinopathy (OR 0.40 [95% CI 0.16–0.99]), independently of
age, sex, diabetes duration, A1c, hypertension, AER, eGFR, NT-proBNP, and TNF-α.
Conclusions: In this large cohort of DM1 patients, we reported an inverse and independent association of miR-
146a-5p with diabetes chronic complications and in particular with CVD and retinopathy, suggesting that miR-
146a-5p may be a novel candidate biomarker of DM1 complications
Dietary geraniol ameliorates intestinal dysbiosis and relieves symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a pilot study
Abstract Background (Trans)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol, commonly called geraniol (Ge-OH), is an acyclic monoterpene alcohol with well-known anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Ge-OH is a non-toxic compound classified as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Security Agency. Methods Ge-OH was orally administered at a maximum daily dose of 8 mg kg(− 1) body weight for four weeks in a delayed release formulation capable of reaching the colon. Fecal microbiota and blood cytokines were analyzed before and after Ge-OH treatment, as well as IBS symptomatology by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS-IBS). Results The results show that orally administered Ge-OH is a powerful modulator of the intestinal microbial ecosystem, capable of leading to increased relative abundances of Collinsella and especially Faecalibacterium, a well-known health-promoting butyrate producer consistently found to be decreased in IBS patients. Moreover, Ge-OH strongly improved the clinical symptoms of colitis by significantly reducing the score recorded by the VAS-IBS questionnaire. Clinical improvement was associated with a significant reduction in the circulating MIP-1β, a chemokine found to be increased in several IBS patients. Conclusion Ge-OH could be a powerful component for food supplement targeted to the treatment of IBS patients. Trial registration ISRCTN47041881, retrospectively registered on 19th July 2018