Associação de hábitos de dieta e experiência de cárie dentária em crianças atendidas em instituição de ensino superior

-A Cárie Precoce da Infância (CPI) é definida como a presença de uma ou mais superfícies dentárias com lesão de cárie (cavitada ou não), perdida por cárie ou restaurada, em um dente decíduo de uma criança na primeira infância. Hábitos alimentares podem favorecer o desenvolvimento da CPI. Assim, o presente estudo transversal determinou a influência de hábitos de dieta sobre a experiência de cárie em crianças atendidas no Curso de Graduação em Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Foram incluídas 69 crianças (30 meninos; 39 meninas), com idade entre 13 e 60 meses, divididas em livres de cárie e com presença de cárie. O exame clínico para determinação do índice de cárie utilizado (Índice ceo-d) foi realizado por um único examinador treinado, que obedeceu aos critérios de diagnóstico preconizados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS, 1999). Para cada criança, utilizou-se um diário alimentar estruturado para obtenção dos dados sobre a dieta. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos Testes Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fischer, seguidos por análise de regressão logística múltipla. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5% (±=0,05). A prevalência de cárie foi 87% (60/69 crianças). O Índice ceo-d médio foi 9,20. A freqüência média de ingestão de carboidratos foi alta (mais de cinco vezes por dia) para 82,6% das crianças (57/69). Não houve, contudo, associação estatística entre freqüência média de ingestão de açúcar e cárie (p=0,183). O modelo de regressão logística múltipla demonstrou associação inversa entre consumo de “Outros alimentos” e ausência de cárie (p=0,02), e associação direta, marginalmente significativa (p=0,08), entre a freqüência de escovação e hábito de escovar os dentes antes de dormir com ausência de cárie. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a necessidade de aconselhamento de dieta e estímulo à prática freqüente de higiene bucal dirigidos a este grupo de crianças, de baixo nível sócio-econômico, com muito alta prevalência de cárie

Occurrence of Dental Trauma in a Group of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Objective: To assess the occurrence of dental trauma in a group of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in comparison to children without the disorder. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Children and Adolescents Health in the Department of Health of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. The study included individuals with and without ASD, between three and 16 years old, and their parents/caregivers. Children/adolescents were assessed for dental trauma by clinical examination. All exams were performed by a trained and calibrated examiner (MCT), and intra-examiner reliability was previously established (Kappa=0.93). The Socio-demographic status was reported by parents/caregivers. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and generation of frequency distributions. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the association between groups of children/adolescents with and without ASD about the presence of dental trauma. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Sixty children of both sexes participated in the study, thirty with a diagnosis of ASD and thirty without. The age ranging from 3 to 13 years, with an average of 7.5 ± 3.2 years. Children with ASD had a higher frequency of dental trauma than children without ASD (p=0.02), and the most frequent type of trauma was enamel fracture (57.10%), followed by enamel/dentin fracture without pulp exposure (42.90%). Conclusion:  Children with ASD, when compared to children who did not have ASD, had a higher occurrence of dental trauma

Association Between Dental Caries Experience and Socioeconomic Determinants on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Children and their Families

Objective: To assess the association between dental caries experience, severe dental caries experience and socioeconomic determinants on oral health-related quality of life among children and their families. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study whose sample was composed of children aged 4-12 years, who sought dental care in a dentistry school clinic, and their parents/caregivers. Dental caries experience and severe dental caries experience were assessed according to the DMF-T/dmf-t indexes. Parents/caregivers answered the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ), the Family Impact Scale (FIS) and a questionnaire on socioeconomic and demographic conditions. Data analysis included the chi-square test and Poisson regression (PR). Results: The sample was composed of 105 children and their parents/caregivers. Severe dental caries experience in children was determinant for negative perception of children's OHRQoL by parents/caregivers (PR = 1.22; CI = 1.05-1.41). Negative impact on OHRQoL perceived by family members was determined by severe dental caries experience in children (PR = 1.22; CI = 1.05-1.42) and family income <5 minimum wage (PR = 1.32; CI = 1.08-1.61). Conclusion: Severe dental caries experience was associated with a negative impact on OHRQoL perceived by children and their families. Low family income was associated with a negative impact on the OHRQoL perceived by children and their families

Knowledge of Brazilian Dentists about Dentoalveolar Trauma Care and their Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: To assess dentists\u27 knowledge from Minas Gerais, Brazil, about dentoalveolar trauma (DT) and their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: An online questionnaire with 34 questions was applied to collect personal data, professional training, self-assessment of experience/knowledge about DT, experience in care provided during the social distancing, and knowledge/conduct. The specific responses were evaluated based on the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Descriptive analysis and Pearson\u27s chi-square test were performed. The level of significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: Most professionals (97.7%) had received information on DT, and only 4.6% of the participants considered their knowledge poor or very poor. However, 92.7% felt the need for more information on the subject. Regarding experiences during the pandemic, 55.7% provided trauma care during that period. Forty percent of the consultations were performed in person, and 33.3% of the professionals noted an increase in cases during the pandemic; 56.6% reported that the frequency did not change. The overall mean number of correct answers about DT was 5.29±2.11, indicating an acceptable level of knowledge. The mean percentage of hits for the specific questions was 44.1%. Conclusion: Although the level of knowledge of the dentists evaluated was acceptable, some aspects were deficient, with the need for more information about the IADT guidelines

Knowledge of Brazilian Dentists about Dentoalveolar Trauma Care and their Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: To assess dentists' knowledge from Minas Gerais, Brazil, about dentoalveolar trauma (DT) and their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: An online questionnaire with 34 questions was applied to collect personal data, professional training, self-assessment of experience/knowledge about DT, experience in care provided during the social distancing, and knowledge/conduct. The specific responses were evaluated based on the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Descriptive analysis and Pearson's chi-square test were performed. The level of significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: Most professionals (97.7%) had received information on DT, and only 4.6% of the participants considered their knowledge poor or very poor. However, 92.7% felt the need for more information on the subject. Regarding experiences during the pandemic, 55.7% provided trauma care during that period. Forty percent of the consultations were performed in person, and 33.3% of the professionals noted an increase in cases during the pandemic; 56.6% reported that the frequency did not change. The overall mean number of correct answers about DT was 5.29±2.11, indicating an acceptable level of knowledge. The mean percentage of hits for the specific questions was 44.1%. Conclusion: Although the level of knowledge of the dentists evaluated was acceptable, some aspects were deficient, with the need for more information about the IADT guidelines

Experiência de cárie dentária e bactérias cariogênicas detectadas e quantificadas pelo método da hibridização in situ fluorescente na saliva de crianças com síndrome de Down

Down syndrome (DS) children are known to present a low dental caries prevalence. Although Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are associated with dental caries in humans, their role in the etiology of dental caries in DS children is not entirely clear. Therefore this cross-sectional study aimed to assess the dental caries experience as well as the salivary counts of S. mutans, S. sobrinus and streptococci in DS children (group SD) in comparison with non-Down syndrome children (group ND). The sample included 30 DS children (aged 3-12 years) and 30 age and sex-matched ND children (aged 4-12 years). Dental examinations were performed to determine the numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth in primary (dmf-t index) and permanent (DMF-T index) dentition according to the WHO dental caries diagnostic criteria. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from all children. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique identified the presence and numbers of the cariogenic bacteria in saliva. The chi-square test was used to analyze the categorical variables and the Student’s t-test was used for the continuous variables. The significance level was set at 5% (p < 0.05). Children of DS group showed significantly lower dental caries experience (p < 0.001) and salivary counts of S. mutans (p < 0.001) compared to children of ND group. No significant difference was found in the salivary counts of S. sobrinus and streptococci between the two groups (p = 0.09 and p = 0.21, respectively). The salivary counts of S. mutans and S. sobrinus determined by the FISH technique were not associated with the lower caries experience observed in Down syndrome children.Crianças com síndrome de Down (SD) apresentam uma baixa prevalência de cárie dentária. Embora os Streptococcus mutans e Streptococcus sobrinus estejam associados com a cárie dentária em humanos, o seu papel na etiologia da doença em crianças com SD ainda não está completamente esclarecido. Desta forma, este estudo transversal teve como objetivo avaliar a experiência de cárie dentária e a contagem de S. mutans, S. sobrinus e estreptococos presentes na saliva de crianças com SD (grupo SD) em comparação com crianças não sindrômicas (grupo ND). A amostra incluiu trinta crianças com SD (com idade entre três e 12 anos) e trinta crianças (com idade entre quatro e 12 anos) sem a síndrome, pareadas por idade e sexo. O exame da condição dentária foi realizado para determinar o número de dentes decíduos cariados, com extração indicada e obturados (índice ceo-d) e o número de dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (índice CPO-D), de acordo com os critérios de diagnóstico de cárie dentária da OMS. Amostras de saliva total não estimulada foram coletadas de todas as crianças. A técnica da hibridização in situ fluorescente (FISH) identificou a presença e o número de bactérias cariogênicas na saliva. O teste qui-quadrado foi usado para a análise das variáveis categóricas e o teste t de Student foi usado para a análise das variáveis contínuas. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). As crianças do grupo SD apresentaram significativamente uma experiência de cárie dentária mais baixa (p < 0,001) e mais baixa contagem de S. mutans na saliva (p < 0,001), em comparação com as crianças do grupo ND. Não se observou nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa na contagem de S. sobrinus e estreptococos presentes na saliva entre os dois grupos (p = 0,09 e p = 0,21, respectivamente). As contagens de S. mutans e S. sobrinus presentes na saliva, determinadas pela técnica de FISH, não se associaram a mais baixa experiência de cárie dentária observada entre as crianças com síndrome de Down.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

Salivary Periodontopathic Bacteria in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome

<div><p>Objective</p><p>To assess and compare salivary periodontopathic bacteria between groups of Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome children and adolescents.</p><p>Materials and Methods</p><p>This study included a sample of 30 Down syndrome children and adolescents (G-DS) and 30 age- and sex-matched non-Down syndrome subjects (G-ND). Clinical examination determined the gingival bleeding index (GBI) and plaque index. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from all participants. The fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH) technique identified the presence and density of eight periodontopathic bacteria in saliva. The statistical analysis included chi-square and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests.</p><p>Results</p><p>In the G-DS group, bleeding on probing was more frequent (<i>p</i> = 0.037) and higher densities of <i>Campylobacter rectus</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.013), <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.025), <i>Treponema denticola</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.026), <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.013), <i>Prevotella intermedia</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and <i>Prevotella nigrescens</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.008) were observed. Besides, in the G-DS, the densities of bacteria from the orange complex were significantly higher in the age group 3–7 years for <i>F</i>. <i>nucleatum</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.029), <i>P</i>. <i>intermedia</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and <i>P</i>. <i>nigrescens</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.006). <i>C</i>. <i>rectus was</i> higher in the age group 8–12 years (<i>p</i> = 0.045).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The results showed that children and adolescents with Down syndrome have higher susceptibility to periodontal disease and number of periodontopathic bacteria.</p></div

Oligonucleotide probes, 16S rRNA (Operon Technologies^®) marked with Cy3 fluorochrome for the identification of oral microorganisms.

<p>Oligonucleotide probes, 16S rRNA (Operon Technologies^®) marked with Cy3 fluorochrome for the identification of oral microorganisms.</p

Results of the Silness and Löe plaque index (1964).

<p>Results of the Silness and Löe plaque index (1964).</p