57 research outputs found
Does cooking with vegetable oils increase the risk of chronic diseases?: a systematic review
Overweight/obesity, CVD and type 2 diabetes are strongly associated with nutritional habits. High consumption of fried foods might
increase the risk of these disorders. However, it is not clear whether the use of vegetables oils for cooking increases the risk of chronic
diseases. We systematically searched for published studies that assessed the association between vegetable oil consumption including
fried food consumption and the risk of overweight/obesity or weight gain, T2DM or the metabolic syndrome, and CVD or hypertension
in the following databases: PubMed; Web of Science; Google Scholar. Keywords such as âfried foodâ or âvegetable oilâ or âfryingâ or
âfrying oilsâ or âdietary fatsâ and âweight gainâ or âoverweightâ or âobesityâ or âCHDâ or âCVDâ or âtype 2 diabetesâ or âmetabolic syndromeâ
were used in the primary search. Additional published reports were obtained through other sources. A total of twenty-three publications
were included based on specific selection criteria. Based on the results of the studies included in the present systematic review,
we conclude that (1) the myth that frying foods is generally associated with a higher risk of CVD is not supported by the available
evidence; (2) virgin olive oil significantly reduces the risk of CVD clinical events, based on the results of a large randomised
trial that included as part of the intervention the recommendation to use high amounts of virgin olive oil, also for frying foods; and
(3) high consumption of fried foods is probably related to a higher risk of weight gain, though the type of oil may perhaps modify
this association
Dietary and health profiles of spanish women in preconception, pregnancy and lactation
Abstract: The nutritional status and lifestyle of women in preconception, pregnancy and lactation determine maternal, fetal and child health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate dietary patterns and lifestyles according the perinatal physiological status in a large sample of Spanish women. Community pharmacists that were previously trained to collect the data recruited 13,845 women. General information, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, unhealthy habits and dietary data were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Mean values and percentages were used as descriptive statistics. The t-test, ANOVA or chi-squared test were used to compare groups. A score that included dietary and behavioral characteristics was generated to compare lifestyles in the three physiological situations. The analysis revealed that diet quality should be improved in the three stages, but in a different manner. While women seeking a pregnancy only met dairy recommendations, those who were pregnant only fulfilled fresh fruits servings and lactating women only covered protein group requirements. In all cases, the consumption allowances of sausages, buns and pastries were exceeded. Food patterns and unhealthy behaviors of Spanish women in preconception, pregnancy and lactation should be improved, particularly in preconception. This information might be useful in order to implement educational programs for each population group
Risk for cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome and its components: a 13-year prospective study in the RIVANA cohort
Background
We aimed to investigate the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its single components with cardiovascular risk and estimated their impact on the prematurity of occurrence of cardiovascular events using rate advancement periods (RAPs).
Methods
We performed prospective analyses among 3976 participants (age range: 35â84, 55% female) in the Vascular Risk in Navarre (RIVANA) Study, a Mediterranean population-based cohort. MetS was defined based on the modified criteria of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the International Diabetes Federation. The primary endpoint was major cardiovascular event (a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or mortality from cardiovascular causes). Secondary endpoints were incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for potential confounders, were fitted to evaluate the association between MetS and its single components at baseline with primary and secondary endpoints.
Results
During a median follow-up of 12.8 years (interquartile range, 12.5â13.1), we identified 228 primary endpoint events. MetS was associated with higher risk of incidence of major cardiovascular event, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, but was neither associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction nor stroke. Compared with participants without MetS, the multivariable hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) among participants with MetS was 1.32 (1.01â1.74) with RAP (95% CI) of 3.23 years (0.03, 6.42) for major cardiovascular event, 1.64 (1.03â2.60) with RAP of 3.73 years (0.02, 7.45) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1.45 (1.17â1.80) with RAP of 3.24 years (1.21, 5.27) for all-cause mortality. The magnitude of the associations of the single components of MetS was similar than the predicted by MetS. Additionally, for each additional trait of MetS, incidence of major cardiovascular event relatively increased by 22% (1.22, 95% CI 1.09â1.36) with RAP of 2.31 years (0.88, 3.74).
Conclusions
MetS was independently associated with CVD risk, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Components of the MetS were associated with similar magnitude of increased CVD, which suggests that MetS was not in excess of the level explained by the presence of its single components. Further research should explore the association of different combinations of the components of MetS with CVD
Body shape trajectories and risk of breast cancer: results from the SUN ("Seguimiento Universidad De navarra") Project
Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess body shape trajectories in childhood and midlife in relation to subsequent risk of breast cancer (BC) in a Mediterranean cohort.
Design:
The âSeguimiento Universidad de Navarraâ (SUN) Project is a dynamic prospective cohort study of university graduates initiated in 1999. With a group-based modelling approach, we assessed body shape trajectories from age 5 to 40 years. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for BC after the age of 40 years according to the body shape trajectory.
Setting:
City of Pamplona, in the North of Spain.
Participants:
6498 women with a mean age of 40 years (sd 9).
Results:
We identified four distinct body shape trajectories ("childhood lean-midlife increase" (19·9 %), "childhood medium-midlife stableâ (53 %), "childhood heavy-midlife stable" (21 %) and "childhood heavy-midlife increase" (6·1 %)). Among 54 978 women-years of follow-up, we confirmed eighty-two incident cases of BC. Women in the "childhood lean-midlife increase" group showed a higher risk of BC (HR = 1·84, 95 % CI 1·11, 3·04) compared with women in the "childhood medium-midlife stable" category. This association was stronger for postmenopausal BC (HR = 2·42, 95 % CI 1·07, 5·48).
Conclusions:
Our results suggest a role for lifetime adiposity in breast carcinogenesis.Financial support: The SUN Project has received funding from the Spanish Government-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (RD 06/0045, CIBER-OBN, grants PI10/02658, PI10/02293, PI13/00615, PI14/01668, PI14/01798, PI14/01764, PI17/01795 and G03/140), the Navarra Regional Government (45/2011, 122/2014 and 41/2016) and the University of Navarra
Association between cognitive function and supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs and other nutrients in â„ 75 years old patients: A randomized multicenter study
A few studies have assessed the association between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and cognitive impairment (CI) in very old adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multinutrient supplementation rich in n-3 PUFA on the cognitive function in an institutionalized â„75-year-old population without CI or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A multicenter placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial was conducted between 2012 and 2013. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and after one year using 4 neuropsychological tests. Nutritional status was assessed using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Interaction between Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and nutritional status were analyzed using linear regression models. A total of 99 participants were randomized to receive placebo or pills rich in n-3 PUFA. After 1-year follow-up, both groups decreased their MMSE score (-1.18, SD:0. 53 and -0.82, SD:0. 63, p = 0.67 for the control and the intervention group respectively). The memory subscale of the MMSE showed an improvement (+0.26, SD:0.18) in the intervention group against a worsening in the control group (-0.11, SD: 0.14; p = 0.09 for differences between groups). Patients at intervention group with normal nutritional status (MNA â„24) showed an improvement in the MMSE (+1.03, p = 0.025 for differences between 1-y and baseline measurements) against a worsening in the group with malnutrition (MNA<24) (-0.4, p = 0.886 for differences between 1-y and baseline; p of interaction p = 0.05). Supplementation with n-3 PUFA did not show an improvement in the global cognitive function in institutionalized elderly people without CI or with MCI. They only suggest an apparent improvement in memory loss if previously they were well nourished
Effect of olive oil consumption on cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Some large prospective studies on olive oil consumption and risk of chronic disease sug-
gested protective effects.
Objective: We conducted an outcome-wide systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort
studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the association between olive oil consumption
and the primary risk of 4 different outcomes: cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2D)
or all-cause mortality through January 2022.
Methods: Thirty-six studies were included in the systematic review and twenty-seven studies (24 pro-
spective cohorts and 3 different reports from one RCT) were assessed in 4 quantitative random-effects
meta-analyses. They included a total of 806,203 participants with 49,223 CVD events; 1,285,064 par-
ticipants with 58,892 incident cases of cancer; 680,239 participants with 13,389 incident cases of T2D;
and 733,420 participants with 174,081 deaths. Olive oil consumption was most frequently measured with
validated food frequency questionnaires. Studies follow-up ranged between 3.7 and 28 years.
Results: A 16% reduced risk of CVD (relative risk [RR]: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76 to 0.94),
standardized for every additional olive oil consumption of 25 g/d was found. No significant association
with cancer risk was observed (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.03, per 25 g/d). Olive oil consumption was
associated with a 22% lower relative risk of T2D (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.87, per 25 g/d) without
evidence of heterogeneity. Similarly, it was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (RR: 0.89; 95%
CI: 0.85 to 0.93, per 25 g/d). Only the results for T2D were homogeneous. Specific sources of hetero-
geneity for the other 3 outcomes were not always apparent.
Conclusions: Prospective studies supported a beneficial association of olive oil consumption with CVD,
T2D and all-cause mortality, but they did not show any association with cancer risk
Association between yogurt consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome over 6 years in the SUN study
Background: The role of yogurt consumption in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not fully
understood and the available epidemiologic evidence is scarce. The aim of our study was to assess the association
between total, whole-fat, or low-fat yogurt consumption and the risk of developing MetS.
Methods: Yogurt consumption was assessed at baseline through a 136-item validated FFQ. MetS was defined
following the harmonized definition for MetS according to the AHA and the IDF criteria. Logistic regression models
were used.
Results: During the first 6-y of follow-up of the SUN cohort, 306 incident cases of MetS were identified. Frequent
consumption [â„875 g/week (â„7 servings/week) versus †250 g/week (2 servings/week)] of total, whole-fat and
low-fat yogurt consumption showed non-significant inverse associations with MetS [OR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.60-1.18);
0.98 (95% CI: 0.68-1.41); and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.39-1.02) respectively]. Only one component of the MetS, central adiposity,
was inversely associated with total and whole-fat yogurt consumption [OR = 0.85 (95% CI: 0.74-0.98) and 0.85 (95% CI:
0.73-0.99) respectively]. In the joint assessment of exposure to total yogurt consumption and fruit consumption,
those in the highest category of total yogurt consumption, and having a high fruit consumption (above the
median â„264.5 g/day) exhibited a significantly lower risk of developing MetS [OR = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.38-0.99)]
compared with those in the lowest category of total yogurt consumption and had fruit consumption below the
study median.
Conclusion: No significant association between yogurt consumption and MetS was apparent. Only one component
out of the 5 MetS criteria, central adiposity, was inversely associated with high yogurt consumption. The combination
of high consumption of both yogurt and fruit was inversely associated with the development of MetS
Reported fried food consumption and the incidence of hypertension in a spanish cohort: the sun project
Reported associations between consumption of fried foods and obesity or weight gain
make likely that fried food consumption might also be linked with the development of
hypertension. However, evidence from long-term prospective studies is scarce.
Therefore, the aim of our study was to longitudinally evaluate this association in a
prospective cohort. The SUN project is a Mediterranean cohort study of university
graduates conducted in Spain, that started in December 1999 and until now it is
permanently open. For the present analyses we included 13,679 participants (5,059 men
and 8,620 women), free of hypertension at baseline with a mean age of 36.5 y
(SD:10.8). Total fried food consumption was estimated at baseline. The outcome was
the incidence of a medical diagnosis of self-reported hypertension during follow-up. To
assess the relationship between fried food consumption and the subsequent risk of
developing incident hypertension during follow-up, Cox regression models were fitted.
During a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 1,232 incident cases of hypertension were
identified. After adjusting for potential confounders, the adjusted hazard ratio for
developing hypertension was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.03-1.36) and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.04-1.41)
for the categories of consumption of 2-4/week and >4/week respectively, compared to
those who consumed <2 servings/week (p for trend 0.020). In conclusion, our findings
suggest that a more frequent consumption of fried foods at baseline was associated with
higher risk of hypertension during follow-up in a cohort of university graduates
Inverse-probability weighting and multiple imputation for evaluating selection bias in the estimation of childhood obesity prevalence using data from electronic health records
Background and objectives: Height and weight data from electronic health records are increasingly being used
to estimate the prevalence of childhood obesity. Here, we aim to assess the selection bias due to missing weight
and height data from electronic health records in children older than five.
Methods: Cohort study of 10,811 children born in Navarra (Spain) between 2002 and 2003, who were still living in
this region by December 2016. We examined the differences between measured and non-measured children older
than 5 years considering weight-associated variables (sex, rural or urban residence, family income and weight status
at 2â5 yrs). These variables were used to calculate stabilized weights for inverse-probability weighting and to conduct
multiple imputation for the missing data. We calculated complete data prevalence and adjusted prevalence considering
the missing data using inverse-probability weighting and multiple imputation for ages 6 to 14 and group ages 6 to 9 and
10 to 14.
Results: For 6â9 years, complete data, inverse-probability weighting and multiple imputation obesity age-adjusted
prevalence were 13.18% (95% CI: 12.54â13.85), 13.22% (95% CI: 12.57â13.89) and 13.02% (95% CI: 12.38â13.66) and
for 10â14 years 8.61% (95% CI: 8.06â9.18), 8.62% (95% CI: 8.06â9.20) and 8.24% (95% CI: 7.70â8.78), respectively.
Conclusions: Ages at which well-child visits are scheduled and for the 6 to 9 and 10 to 14 age groups, weight
status estimations are similar using complete data, multiple imputation and inverse-probability weighting. Readily
available electronic health record data may be a tool to monitor the weight status in children
- âŠ