Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a tropical peatland

The conversion of peat swamp forest to oil palm cultivation has resulted in the loss of stored nutrients in the peat soil, especially to the atmosphere. Soil carbon and nitrogen are the two major nutrients that are found in large quantities in the peat soil. Therefore this chapter studies the dynamics of these two primary nutrients within the peatland and how their losses are influenced by seasonal changes. Detailed samplings were carried out in wet and dry periods, with samples collected at three different depths during the dry and wet seasons. The flash combustion method using the LECO analyzer was part of the analysis of carbon and nitrogen. The results of the analyses of the soil carbon obtained in triplicates showed that the soil carbon at the peat surface is higher than that below the surface. The soil carbon recorded at the surface (0.5. m) during the wet season was 47.29%, which is higher than that recorded at the surface during the dry period. 1.34% of the soil nitrogen was observed at the surface during the wet period compared to 1.2% recorded during the dry spell. Rainfall was considered to be the main driver of both soil carbon and nitrogen in the tropical peatland, coupled with the fact that more nutrients were observed at the soil surface due to microbial activities at the surface. Hence, sustaining tropical peatlands would mean that practices that encourage nutrient loss from the peatlands to be controlled and well managed so as not to aggravate the climate change process that is associated with the nutrients' loss to the atmosphere

Assessment of chemical properties of tropical peatland soil in Malaysia oil palm plantation

The chemical assessment of the peatland in oil palm plantation in South Selangor Peatland Swamp in Malaysia were evaluated in this study. Soil samples were obtained from fifteen (15) different locations within the study area at three different depths of 0.5m, 1.5 m, and 2.5 m in three replicates at each depth, using peat auger between March and July, 2013 during the secondary maximum rainfall. Parameters evaluated in soil analysis included - pH, moisture content, carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and heavy metals such as manganese, zinc, iron, copper, and phosphorus. Heavy metals were determined using the double acid extraction method while carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur was determined using Trumac CNS Analyzer. From the pH values, the soil close to the surface is more acidic with a mean pH of 3.36 and standard error of 0.15. The mean values of the moisture contents were 363.54 % with SEM of 27.01 and 154.56 % with SEM of 54.64 at 0.5 m and 2.5 m depths respectively. Carbon, had the highest value of 44.27 % at 0.5 m, nitrogen, 0.36 %, sulphur, 0.15 % and heavy metals like manganese, iron, and copper, except zinc, and phosphorus had their mean values either increasing or decreasing with soil depth. Soil carbon was observed to decrease with depth unlike nitrogen and soil pH. All the parameters were observed to either decrease or increase with depth which shows their spatial distribution across the soil mass. This assessment of the tropical peatland soils chemistry has helped in appraising the important roles played by intact peatlands in overall global environmental sustainability

Towards Dynamic Policy for Early Childhood Development Enhanced the Growth of Self-Regulations

Dynamic education policy and value system can change only with growth and development. This education plays a key role in enhancing about these changes, and the right time to initiate this process of education is better from early childhood. The study explores the issues and challenges of doing early childhood development (ECD) policy for growth of self-regulations along with Sarawakian Primary Schools in Malaysia. Recently the problems of early childhood providing primary schools at Bau district have been starling due to lack of instruments for pre-school services. These issues are now then become more tangled because of its multiracial education policy integration with students’ self-regulations from cultural diversity conditions belonging to variety beliefs and attitudes. Quantitative and qualitative related data were obtained through field observation, interviews and field surveys while secondary data collected from diverse sources. Nearly 57% of the respondents agreed for improvement of ECD policy with sustainable mechanism of monitoring and implementation at each of developmental stages of child. The research has also shown that there are gaps between the aspired and implemented comprehensive education policies for more quality preschool classes and initiatives. The study suggests future research trajectories of a new collaborative alternative dynamic approach to drive the methodological agenda and recommendations on ways to further incorporate the demanding ECD policy instruments towards growth of self-regulations

Processed Radio Frequency towards Pancreas Enhancing the Deadly Diabetes Worldwide

Diabetes is a chronic and debilitating disease, which is associated with a range of complications putting tremendous burden on medical, economic and socio-technological infrastructure globally. Yet the higher authorities of health services are facing the excruciating cumulative reasons of diabetes as a very imperative worldwide issue in the 21st century. The study aims to relook at the misapplication of the processed radio frequency that frailties in the pancreas within and around the personal body boundary area. The administered sensor data were obtained at laboratory experiments from the selected specimens on dogs and cats in light and dark environments. The study shows the frequent urine flow speed varies with sudden infection due to treated wireless sensor networks in active open eyes. The overweight and obese persons are increasingly affected in diabetes with comprehensive urinary pressure due to continuous staying at dark environment. The findings replicate the increasing tide of diabetes globally. The study also represents the difficulties of physicians to provide adequate diabetic management according to their expectancy due to insecure personal area network control unit.Dynamic sensor network is indispensable for healthcare but such network is at risk to health security due to digitalized poisoning within GPS positions. The study recommends the anti-radiation integrated system policy with user’s security alternative approach to inspire dealing with National Health Policy and Sustainable Development Goals 2030

Impact of Sensor Networks on Aquatic Biodiversity in Wetland: An Innovative Approach

Aquatic biodiversity is in the central field of environmental conservation issues in a wetland. Yet it determinately faced aquatic conservation authorities the loss of biodiversity as a very important global issue for several years due to misuse wireless sensor technology. The study attempts to re-look at the sensor networks that affect the aquatic biodiversity within and around the Tanguar Haor- wetland study at Sunamganj district in Bangladesh. Key aquatic conservation tools provided at the Tanguar Haor and its challenges with gaps in policies for wetland management practices are highlighted. The study shows the aquatic biodiversity-related rules and regulations amended were apex in Bangladesh from 2010 to 2018. The study represents the impact of processed sensor networks on aquatic biodiversity in a wetland to be compared to larger, medium, and smaller animals in a bright, dark and optimum environment, facilitating the design and misuse of wireless sensor networks within GPS locations. Approximately 64% of the respondents agreed on the development of aquatic biodiversity for managing the wetland at Sunamganj with secure peripheral sensor networks. The research also found that the Tanguar Haor is at risk due to misuse of wireless sensor networks compared to other wetlands in the Sylhet Division. Scientific knowledge is indispensable in wetland resource management but it poorly identified such knowledge while various performances are still below par. The research is unique and represents the innovative idea to improve the existing wetland policy linking with the appropriateness for the Ramsar Wetland Conservation Strateg

A marriage between hard and soft approaches against sea level rise and floods within Sg Sarawak

The paper is stemmed from the projection of sea level rise for Sg Sarawak Basin. Excessive flooding is forecasted in the coastal region and estuary of Sg Sarawak. Suggestions on how to deal with the sea level rise and flooding in the river basin are discussed based on geographic locations. The concept of Ecosystem-Based Adaptation is taken as the main priority in choosing the appropriate mitigation strategies. At the end of this paper, a summary of proposed hard and soft measures are tabulated and justified

Investigating the influence of rainfall on soil carbon quantity in a tropical peatland

Conversion of peat swamp forests to oil palm plantations has been a common practice in Southeast Asia in the face of oil palm boom. Soil carbon has been one of the numerous nutrients that are lost as a result of this practice. This work therefore attempts to study the influence of rainfall as one of the drivers of carbon loss in the peatlands. Four different sites were selected for the study which considered both dry and wet seasons. The results from the two seasons were analyzed and it was observed that soil carbon during the dry season was lower compared to the wet season’s

Achieving best management practices in an oil palm plantation at tropical peatland: a gap analysis

Despite the economic gains recorded in the oil palm industry, the industry has faced serious challenges in terms of sustainability. Non-adherence to the best management practices has been blamed for such challenges and mitigating the resultant negative results is inevitable. In this work, a framework consisting of site management and best management practices which analyzes the gaps between the two practices was developed and conclusions on possible divergence drawn. Literature review and interviews to gather opinions from the experts and practitioners in the industry were used. In conclusion, there is no proper adherence to the recommended best management practices