STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN KONSERVASI PADA MASYARAKAT SUKU TENGGER DI DESA ENCLAVE TAMAN NASIONAL BROMO TENGGER SEMERU

The paper outlines the characteristics and local needs of Tengger Tribe community lived in enclave village of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP), conservation education conducted for the community, and the needs for developing a strategy of conservation education development for the community to balance their interaction with and the use of BTSNP resources. The research was aimed at determining strategy of conservation education development for the Tengger Tribe community. Data was colected using literature study, interview and observation methods. The research resulted in the main strategy on the development of conservation education for Tengger Tribe community in the enclave village of BTSNP. Considering the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunity occured for developing conservation education for the community, the author suggested that the main strategy should be to implement traditional wisdom based conservation education which focus on skills improvement in local resources management.Keywords: Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Tengger Tribe, conservation education, traditional wisdom, skill improvement

Vegetation Structure, Composition, and Soil Properties of Dry Land on Islands in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan

   Some small islands in Balikpapan Bay consist of dry land which may have different vegetation structure and composition. Our study was the first to uncover vegetation conditions and soil proper-ties of dry land on small islands in Balikpapan Bay, which has never been conducted before. The research was carried out on Kalawasan and Karantina islands. Information on vegetation was obtained by applying a line transect method. Data on soil properties were col-lected by setting up 3 sampling plots in each transect of vegetation. Parameters used for analysing vegetation including relative densi-ty, relative frequency, relative dominance, Shannon-Wiener diversi-ty index, evenness index, and similarity index. Meanwhile, data on soils were analysed descriptively. Trees on Kalawasan island were comprised of 241 individuals belonging to 21 species. There were 61 individuals (22 species) of trees on Karantina island. The diver-sity index of trees on Kalawasan and Karantina island was 2.55 and 2.72, respectively. The tree evenness index was 0.84 on Kalawasan island and 0.88 on Karantina island. The index of similarity for trees between the two islands was 0.21. Furthermore, the soil character-istics on Kalawasan and Karantina islands showed similarities. In general, soil in Kalawasan and Karantina islands could be catego-rised as marginal soil which was common in East Kalimantan. Con-sidering the rapid loss of tropical forests in the mainland of Kali-mantan indicates that the small islands of Balikpapan Bay play an important role in future biodiversity conservation in East Kalimantan.

Vegetation Characteristics of the Orangutan (Pongo Pygmaeus Morio) Habitat in the Riparian Forest of Menamang, East Kalimantan

This study aimed to obtain information on vegetation characteristics of the orangutan's habitat, including diversity, composition and structure, in the riparian forest of Menamang. Data was collected using a line-plot sampling method. The diversity index of trees and saplings was higher than seedlings. It was found that Lagestroemia speciosa showed the highest value of IVI at tree stage, accounted for 24.71 %. Fordia splendidissima then was dominant species at sapling stage with IVI of 29.94 %. Furthermore, Pterospermum diversifolium grew in abundance at seedling stage with IVI of 26.87 %. Overall, vegetation in the research location was consisted by relatively young trees characterized by the abundance of trees with diameter of ≥ 10 - 20 cm and height of < 15 m

Estimating Aboveground Biomass on Private Forest Using Sentinel-2 Imagery

Private forests have a crucial role in maintaining the functioning of the Indonesian forest ecosystem especially because of the continuous degradation of natural forests. Private forests are a part of social forestry which becomes a tool for the Indonesian government to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission by 26% by 2030. The United Nations Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation has encouraged the Indonesian government to establish a forest monitoring system by estimating forest carbon stock using a combination of forest inventory and remote sensing. This study is aimed at assessing the potential of vegetation indices derived from Sentinel-2 for estimating aboveground biomass (AGB) of private forests. We used 45 sample plots and 7 vegetation indices to evaluate the ability of Sentinel-2 in estimating AGB on private forests. Normalised difference index (NDI) 45 exhibited a strong correlation with AGB compared to other indices (r = 0.89; R2 = 0.79). Stepwise linear regression fitted for establishing the model between field AGB and vegetation indices (R2 = 0.81). We also found that AGB in the study area based on spatial analysis was 72.54 Mg/ha. A root mean square error (RMSE) value from predicted and observed AGB was 27 Mg/ha. The AGB value in the study area is higher than the AGB value from some of forest types, and it indicates that private forests are good for biomass storage. Overall, vegetation indices from Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery can provide a good result in terms of reporting the AGB on private forests

Community Perceptions of Impacts of Ecotourism and Its Implications on Ecotourism Development in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan

Understanding local community perceptions towards ecotourism is important since community has a crucial role in determining sustainable ecotourism. This research aimed to identify community perceptions towards impacts of ecotourism as well as to analyse the relationships between perception and ecotourism responsible behaviour. Other goal of this study was to analyse the relationship between ecotourism responsible behaviour and social factors. Data was collected in 4 villages adjacent to the Balikpapan bay, namely Maridan, Telemow, Binuang, and Mentawir. We used the quota technique to sample respondents. For each village, we took 40 respondents randomly. Data was then analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and Kruskal Wallis test. We found that community around the Balikpapan Bay thought that ecotourism was able to bring positive impacts for village and community. A Kruskal Wallis test revealed that there was no significant difference regarding perceptions among 4 villages. We found that there was a correlation between ecotourism responsible behaviour and gender. Implications of community's perceptions to ecotourism development around the Balikpapan bay were then discussed