ANALYZING FAN ZONES HIERARCHY IN THE CITY AT FOOTBALL MEGA EVENT; APPLI ANALYZING FAN ZONES HIERARCHY IN THE CITY AT FOOTBALL MEGA EVENT; APPLIED STUDY: BORG EL ARAB STADIUM, ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT

Fan Zones is not just a seat in the amphitheater; it is a holistic concept deals with fans motions and requirements since their involvement in the city. Since the beginning of football game and championship; fan zones had witness a series of upgrading sequential mega events; this upgrading or development was according to contemporary aspects and age requirement. By the beginning of the Third Millennium; fan zones were the main motive that shaped and developed stadia characters; whereas fans were the spirit of the mega event and the first priority in designing the national & international stadia as well as designing the events. Designing of football fan zones at mega events depended mainly on directing fans through a sequential spaces; starting from cityscape scale till they reach the stadium site. The design considers fans’ nature and their practical needs throughout this journey at events’ time; also the design differs in the scale according to the zone scale in the city. So by analyzing the impact of fan zones hierarchy in the city, it was easy to conclude the of design criteria in order to analyze one of internationals stadia that failed to host World Cup2010; Borg El-Arab Stadium, Alexandria, Egypt. The analytical study clarifies the points of weakness and strength of the Stadium, especially the shortage of capability to attract fans sense. The paper outcomes provide the recommendations for future stadia design “especially in Egypt”, which suggests the design starts with good choice of functional location that fulfill fans expectations and emotions. The weakness of international stadium in attracting fans around the year is an evidence of its failure in appropriate hosting for football mega event; lack of amities and attraction point has bad influence on the event atmosphere and its success

MEASURING PUBLIC SPACES IDENTITY IN JEDDAH CORNICHE

Jeddah; as an Arabian city; has a unique inherited social image in its public spaces. Over long generations, Arabs used to head to the deserted areas, away from inhabited zones or along the coastal lines to spend a social time with their families and friends, practicing some outdoor recreational activities, as hunting, barbecuing, or picnicking. This inherited social image moved into open public spaces inside Arabian cities. Architecturally, it is required a delicate design that reflects this unique character and responds to its requirements. Since the 1970s, Jeddah Corniche development is according to universal style, regardless this special character of public recreational activities. It depended on beautification more than achieving functional areas that absorb the inherited Arabian behavior, which affects negatively the identity in design. The research attempted to measure the identity of the public space in Jeddah Corniche according to its traditional image of recreational activities. The methodology depended on avoiding subjective evaluation by measuring the identity of the urban elements according to the urban qualities that help in fulfilling the community unique requirement, also examining them according to the urban literature that serves a specific behavior. Results and recommendations serve studies of development processes to achieve identity in design

How Does The Interior Design of Learning Spaces Impact The Students` Health, Behavior, and Performance?

: The importance of research: human beings are greatly affected by their surroundings, especially in learning spaces. Lighting, colors, seating arrangement, and other factors all have a physical and psychological impact on students, which is reflected in their behavior, and performance. Research problem: Although there have been previous studies that have linked a student\u27s behavior to the interior design elements of the learning space, there is no extensive, combined study that can guide the design of university educational spaces to achieve the highest possible efficiency for the students. Research Objective: Set criteria to assess the learning space; this standard states whether or not a learning space can provide an appropriate learning environment that can help students physically and psychologically. Research methodology: (theoretical approach) relied on a review of previous theoretical and practical studies to gather sufficient information to determine the criteria for evaluating each element of the educational space and how it impacts students, this is shown by presenting definitions of human behavior and how it is influenced by the built environment, and then used to illustrate how the interior architectural design of the educational space impact students, reaching the ideal status for each element in the final table. (analytical approach) in which a questionnaire was conducted for students as a field study and then analyzed for results. Results showed that many existing educational spaces have problems with interior design elements. Some of these problems, such as lighting, ventilation, and temperature, can be avoided from the beginning by orienting educational spaces correctly and thus obtaining adequate natural lighting, ventilation, and temperature without having to rely on industrial means. Noise can also be reduced if a suitable location away from the noise is chosen, as well as careful selection of finishing materials of sound insulation material. Table 8 shows additional means of isolation that can be used in existing spaces. On the other hand, the color of the white wall, which many studies have confirmed harms the space users of students and teachers but is still used, is a problem that is easily avoidable but still recurring. It is preferable to use cold or warm colors instead, as shown in Table 8. The significance of this research is in assisting in the creation of a suitable educational space that meets the needs of students while avoiding all of the problems mentioned above in many educational settings

Skin prick test results and total ige levels of asthma patients in Zagazig University Hospital (2015-2019)

Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the relevant diseases of the respiratory tract, the asthma is one of the forms of respiratory allergy. The change in environment and aeroallergens are the main etiology of asthma. Allergy of asthma is thought to affect the bronchial region of the respiratory airway.Objective: The current study aimed to compare the total IgE elevation and skin prick test (SPT) positivity to evaluate the IgE and SPT ability to assess the asthmatic severity.Subjects and Methods: This retrospective case study was carried out on 3450 cases at the outpatient clinic and Chest Department at Zagazig University and did skin prick test and IgE in authorized centers were collected from 2015 -2019. The cases were already diagnosed asthmatic according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) (9) guidelines and were divided according to severity into mild, moderate, and severe according to GINA guidelines.Results: IgE has been tested for different aeroallergens and has strong significant elevation with (P< 0.001) in Alternaria, cat hair, cotton, birch, and helminths aeroallergen. Most of the cases with elevated IgE had moderate asthma severity followed by mild severity cases then severe cases.Conclusion: Comparing the results of SPT and IgE, the SPT test is more accurate, reliable, and easy in detecting the aeroallergen sensitivity

Efficacy and Safety of Artemether in the Treatment of Chronic Fascioliasis in Egypt: Exploratory Phase-2 Trials

Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica are two liver flukes that parasitize herbivorous large size mammals (e.g., sheep and cattle), as well as humans. A single drug is available to treat infections with Fasciola flukes, namely, triclabendazole. Recently, laboratory studies and clinical trials in sheep and humans suffering from acute fascioliasis have shown that artesunate and artemether (drugs that are widely used against malaria) also show activity against fascioliasis. Hence, we were motivated to assess the efficacy and safety of oral artemether in patients with chronic Fasciola infections. The study was carried out in Egypt and artemether administered according to two different malaria treatment regimens. Cure rates observed with 6×80 mg and 3×200 mg artemether were 35% and 6%, respectively. In addition, high efficacy was observed when triclabendazole, the current drug of choice against human fascioliasis, was administered to patients remaining Fasciola positive following artemether treatment. Concluding, monotherapy with artemether does not represent an alternative to triclabendazole against fascioliasis, but its role in combination chemotherapy regimen remains to be investigated

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Urban Regeneration as an Approach for Rehabilitating the Two Entrance Region of Alexandria City

Over the last four decades, the urban formation of Alexandria City's two entrance regions has changed from natural agricultural farmlands to informal urbanized areas that have different uses. The urban regeneration is an approach for restructuring the urban informal areas by providing radical changes which depends on the origins of the social and economic formation of the informal areas. This process is based on the contemporary urban design principles that helps in analyzing the formation of urbanization based growth and stating the required principles for a rehabilitation process, since the traditional methods by demolishing and replacing mostly failed to cope with the continuously rising social and economic changes in the areas. This approach considers the distorted growth by urbanization or urban sprawl as a required social and economic guidance in regenerating informal areas. The paper attempts to analyze the potentials behind the urban distortion by the ongoing urbanization process in the region. It was found that the social formation and economic creations in the areas are the basis for creating an optimal urban pattern. It aims to assist with the emergence of academic disciplines that effectively regenerated a comprehensive framework to continuously manage the urban growth for generations to come

Urban Regeneration as an Approach for Rehabilitating the Two Entrance Region of Alexandria City

Over the last four decades, the urban formation of Alexandria City's two entrance regions has changed from natural agricultural farmlands to informal urbanized areas that have different uses. The urban regeneration is an approach for restructuring the urban informal areas by providing radical changes which depends on the origins of the social and economic formation of the informal areas. This process is based on the contemporary urban design principles that helps in analyzing the formation of urbanization based growth and stating the required principles for a rehabilitation process, since the traditional methods by demolishing and replacing mostly failed to cope with the continuously rising social and economic changes in the areas. This approach considers the distorted growth by urbanization or urban sprawl as a required social and economic guidance in regenerating informal areas. The paper attempts to analyze the potentials behind the urban distortion by the ongoing urbanization process in the region. It was found that the social formation and economic creations in the areas are the basis for creating an optimal urban pattern. It aims to assist with the emergence of academic disciplines that effectively regenerated a comprehensive framework to continuously manage the urban growth for generations to come