Data Link Layer Designing Issues: Error ControlaA Roadmap

Different networks are used to transfer data from one device to another with acceptable accuracy. For most applications, a system must guarantee that the data received are identical to the data transmitted. Transmission media are most error-prone link. In a network, the capacity of nodes is different and the rate at which the sender is sending data might not be the same rate at which the receiver accepts it. In this paper, we discuss on designing issues of data link layer. The primary focus ison various error detecting and controlling mechanisms

Analytics of IoT Streaming Data using Modified New Pattern Mining Algorithm

In the era of information technology, everything we are using in the everyday life is represented in form of information. Transportation, parking, traffic, pollution are some examples of hundreds of infrastructure systems with which we act every day. By using information technologies combined with communication, it becomes very easy to represent all details even the tiniest parts of these fields in forms of data. Furthermore, the Internet of things (IoT) plays a very important role in connecting physical objects with electronics, software, and sensors. Based on that, smart cites have been modeled and implemented in thousands place over all the world; In these cities, all smart systems in different fields like transportation networks, pollution,traffic,airlines, etc. are showed in form of numbers and strings of characters.This paper represents the problems occur in this type of methods with little bit solution of them by new modified algorithm

An UML+Z Framework For Validating And Verifying the Static Aspect of Safety Critical System

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to propose an augmented framework for verifying and validating the static aspect of safety critical systems by analysing the UML class diagrams and the relationship between them. Since UML is a semi formal language which is provn to ambiguities due to its various graphical notations, hence Formal analysis of UML class diagram is required. Moreover, class diagram play an important role in system designing phase especially in safety critical systems. Any ambiguity or inconsistency in design can result in potential failure. Formal methods are the mathematical tools and methodology which are sandwiched at various stages of software development process to ensure the correctness, consistency and completeness of software artifacts such as requirement specifications, design etc. In this article, Z notation is used for the purpose of analysis formally and later on verified by the Z/EVES tool

In-vitro study of quality control parameters of three different brands of azithromycin tablets

Background: Azithromycin, being a very important antibiotic, is manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies and available in numerous brands. Therefore, it requires a quantitative evaluation and assessment of tablets chemical, physical and bioavailability properties.Methods: The physicochemical quality pararametrs like weight variation, size, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution profile of three brands of azithromycin tablets were assessed by performing various test procedures according to established methods.Results: The different brands of tablets showed very slight variations in weight and size, not exceeding more than 5% of standard value. Similarly, hardness of all the brands was less than 5kg/f and friability ranged from 0.2 to 0.5%. All the brands tested disintegrated in 75% of the active ingredient within 45 minutes.Conclusions: All the physiochemical quality parameters of three brands of azithromycin tablets were found to be within the pharmacopeial specifications therefore all the brands were pharmaceutically and chemically equivalent and can be freely interchanged

Broad ligament ectopic pregnancy: a dilemma to diagnose

Broad ligament ectopic pregnancy is a rare and serious form of extrauterine pregnancy with a high risk of maternal mortality. There are no specific clinical features. Ultrasonography may help in diagnosis, but definitive diagnosis is made only during surgery. Authors are reporting a case of 30 years female G3P1L1A1 seven weeks pregnancy with previous lower segment cesarean section and previous history of right sided salpingectomy with no complaints. Ultrasound was advised to know the location of sac this time, in which, she was diagnosed as a case right sided unruptured live ovarian ectopic pregnancy. On examination, signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy were absent. On laparoscopy, she was diagnosed as a case of right sided live unruptured broad ligament ectopic pregnancy as her right ovary was absent because of previous surgery.  With advances in sonography and laparoscopic skills, more cases can be diagnosed in the first trimester and can be safely managed laparoscopically.

Comparison of metformin and insulin in the treatment of gestational diabetes: a retrospective study

Background: As various data are available on treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), our aim is to compare the effect of treatment of metformin, insulin and diet control in GDM on maternal and neonatal outcomes.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted and it includes 50 women of GDM treated with Metformin, 50 women with insulin and 50 with only diet control without any drug.Results: The outcome was not much different in all groups studied. Maternal outcomes were similar in all three groups. The difference was: post prandial glucose values after 2 hour of oral glucose were slightly high in the insulin group than in the metformin group (p <0.003). Neonatal outcome was also not different in all groups. But the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia was higher in the insulin group (p = 0.03).Conclusions: The study suggests that metformin is effective for GDM and maternal or neonatal outcomes were similar as compared with insulin

A Comparative Study of Serum Ast/Sgot Levels Among the Patients of Thyroid Disorders

Abstract: Background: Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common endocrinological disorders. Consequentl

Investigation of Electrical and Thermoelectric Properties of ZnO/rGO Composites Prepared by Conventional Solid-state Reaction Method

ZnO/rGO composites are prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. Structural properties of prepared compounds were studied using XRD technique and it is observed that all the samples are crystallized in wurtzite structure. Electrical resistivity measurements were carried out using four probe method employing a closed cycle refrigerator. With addition of rGO, colossal reduction in the resistivity is observed which is about three orders of magnitude smaller than that of the pure sample of ZnO. Room temperature Hall measurements were performed to estimate the bulk concentration and results show that addition of rGO into ZnO matrix enhances the number of charge carriers. Thermopower measurements were carried out using differential dc method and a large reduction in Seebeck coefficient is observed