A MODELLING FRAMEWORK FOR PROCUREMENT OF A RETAIL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS

International audienc

INTERNAL EQUITY AND CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT IN SUBSISTENCE MARKETS: A COMPARATIVE AND A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF THREE PRIVATE COMPANIES IN BURKINA FASO

The concept of internal equity in the customer relationship management is often overlooked by Burkina companies, causing thereby a reduction in profitability. Equity and ethical marketing practices are essential to the survival of Burkina companies, especially in this context of the globalization of the economy, where fair trade values are advocated, and competition is tough.  On the basis of this observation, to help identify the contribution that fair business-to-customer practices could bring not only to the economic development of enterprises, but also to the eradication of poverty in the subsistence markets, this article presents the results of an exploratory research concerning three companies in Burkina Faso (two small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and a very small company (VSE)). The results show current practices as well as challenges and limitations observed within these companies. The data collection was carried out using an interview guide addressed to the customers of these three companies in Burkina Faso. The data is collected with an audio voice recorder and then transcribed by hand using SONY audio software. The total number of interviewees is 51. The research has helped to make our contribution to the development of literature on markets livelihood which is also poorly documented and to make some suggestions to explore and to develop internal equity practices. The results show that internal equity has an influence on customer satisfaction and thus on sales’ growth

Vulnerability and ageing in Ouagadougou: The crucial role of gender and migration status in older people’s support

AbstractThe issue of care for older people brings up a number of concerns in African cities, which are characterized by rapid urban growth, economic crisis, transformation in social relationships, and the near absence of institutional support for older people. Based on quantitative and qualitative data collected through the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Ouagadougou HDSS, 2010-2017), this article examines the situation of older men and women living in the capital of Burkina Faso, whether they have always lived there or moved there from elsewhere. It aims to better understand the vulnerabilities of these older people, what becomes of them over time, and the issues and family dynamics that surround them. The results highlight important differences according to the sex and migration status of older people as determinants of vulnerabilities and emphasize the role in their care played by the sociocultural context.RésuméLa problématique de la prise en charge des personnes âgées suscite de nombreuses inquiétudes dans les villes africaines, caractérisées par une urbanisation rapide, la crise économique, la transformation des rapports sociaux, et la quasi inexistencede l’assistance institutionnelle aux personnes âgées. A partir de données quantitatives et qualitatives collectées dans l’Observatoire de Population de Ouagadougou, cet article s’intéresse à la situation et au devenir des hommes et femmes âgées vivant dans la capitale du Burkina Faso, qu’ils y vivent depuis toujours ou qu’ils y soient arrivés plus ou moins récemment. Il vise à mieux connaître leurs vulnérabilités, ce qu’elles deviennent au fil du temps, ainsi que les enjeux et les dynamiques familiales qui se mettent en place autour d’elles. Les résultats soulignent des différences importantes selon le sexe et le statut migratoire des personnes âgées, etmettent en évidence le rôle du contexte socio-culturel dans leur prise en charge

Conception d’un guide d’élaboration d’une épreuve de mathématiques dans une visée certificative pour la fin du cycle primaire au Burkina Faso

La présente recherche s’inscrit dans la mouvance actuelle orientée vers l’approche par compétences (APC) en Afrique de l’ouest. Née des exigences économiques et professionnelles à l’échelle mondiale, l’APC a connu son essor dans les années 1990. Par conséquent, le mode de recrutement sur le marché de l’emploi est basé sur les compétences des postulants. Il était donc légitime que l’école intègre cette nouvelle donne afin que les finissants puissent remplir les exigences socioprofessionnelles en temps opportun. De Ketele (2001, dans Hirtt 2009, p.6) est de cet avis quand il soutient que : « c’est en effet le monde socio-économique qui a déterminé la notion de compétence parce que les adultes que l’école a formés n’étaient pas suffisamment aptes à entrer dans la vie professionnelle ». L’APC rompt donc le caractère insulaire de l’école en faisant intervenir de nouveaux enjeux au niveau de l’enseignement, de l’apprentissage, des pratiques évaluatives des enseignants et des encadrements légaux dans les pays qui l’ont adoptée. Pour des contraintes socioéconomiques, le Burkina Faso a résolument opté de mettre en oeuvre une approche éclectique qui emprunte à l’APC certaines bases didactiques et pédagogiques. Cette option vise à doter le système éducatif burkinabé de mécanismes efficaces et efficients pour un enseignement de qualité tout en assurant la réussite et l’intégration socioprofessionnelle du plus grand nombre des sortants de l’école. Notre étude se situe dans cette nouvelle donne et vise l’amélioration du processus d’évaluation des élèves en fin du cycle primaire. Pour ce faire, nous avons conçu et validé un guide d’élaboration d’épreuves de mathématique dans une visée certificative pour ledit niveau afin de soutenir prioritairement les agents chargés de l’élaboration des épreuves officielles. En nous basant sur le paradigme de l’apprentissage, le constructivisme et la démarche méthodologique de Loiselle et Harvey (2009), nous avons examiné, dans un premier temps, les épreuves nationales développées au Québec et au Burkina Faso. Cette analyse a permis d’en relever les caractéristiques et d’identifier les éléments devant être retenus dans le cahier des charges au regard du profil des sortants défini dans le programme burkinabé. Dans un deuxième temps, un cahier des charges (version initiale.) a été développé en quatre sections afin de présenter les principes qui le sous-tendent : (1) l’élaboration des situations d’évaluation, (2) l’élaboration des outils d’administration de l’épreuve, (3) l’élaboration des outils de correction et de consignation et (4) les grilles d’évaluation. Dans un troisième temps, un groupe d’experts canadiens et deux groupes d’experts burkinabé se sont exprimés sur le degré de pertinence et de clarté de chaque section à partir de l’une ou l’autre version du Guide. Leurs observations et commentaires nous ont permis de le bonifier. D’une manière générale, les pourcentages des degrés d’accord pour la pertinence et la clarté des contenus développés au niveau de chaque section sont satisfaisants. Cependant, les recommandations des experts ont suscité des ajustements sur : 1) le contenu du guide soit de conserver une seule épreuve en mathématiques et de retirer les énoncés concernant les volets lecture et écriture en français; 2) le contenu de certains tableaux : à compléter ou à fusionner et; 3) la qualité de la langue : certaines phrases ont été reformulées, les erreurs de numérotation de certaines sous-sections ont été corrigées. La version finale serait celle qui est adaptée au contexte burkinabé. Ce guide est destiné aux structures chargées de l’évaluation des apprentissages et des acquis des élèves au Burkina Faso. Il constitue aussi un référentiel pour la formation initiale et continue des enseignants et des encadreurs. Bien que la recherche ait rempli des conditions méthodologiques et éthiques, la mise en oeuvre de ses résultats se limite au contexte burkinabé. Cependant, ils pourront soutenir ou orienter d’autres recherches qui s’inscrivent dans la même dynamique.The present research is in line with the trend towards the adoption of the Competence-Based Approach in West Africa. Born from rising global economic and professional exigencies, the Competency-Based Approach gained momentum in the 1990s. Consequently, recruitment is based on the competencies of job seekers. Hence, it is legitimate that schools integrate this new reality so that graduates fulfill socio- professional exigencies in a timely manner. De Ketele (2001, in Hirrt, 2009, p.6) is of this view when he says: “ it is indeed the socio-economic climate which has determined the notion of competency as the adults shaped by schools were not sufficiently trained to enter the work force ”. In the Competency Based Approach, schools no longer work in an isolated manner. In this approach, the new challenges associated with teaching, learning, evaluation and assessment practices and the legal framework are being addressed and dealt with in countries which have adopted the Competency Based Approach. For socioeconomic reasons, the Burkina Faso has adopted an eclectic approach, borrowing some didactical and pedagogical basics from the Competency Based Approach. This option aims to provide the Burkinabe educational system of effective and efficient mechanisms for quality education along with guaranteeing the success of the socio-professional integration of the largest number of graduates. Our study is in line with this new reality and aims to improve the evaluation of 6th grade students in primary schooling. To this end, we constructed and validated a guide towards the elaboration of a mathematics examination for same students to help officers in charge of elaborating official examinations. Based on the learning paradigm, constructivism and the methodological approach of Loiselle and Harvey (2009), we examined, firstly, national examinations developed in Quebec and Burkina Faso. This analysis allowed to reveal the characteristics and identify elements which were to be retained in the specification with regards to finishing graduates’ profile as defined in the Burkinabe program. Secondly, a specification (draft version) was developed in four sections with the aim of presenting the principles which underlied same: (1) elaboration of evaluation task (2) development of examination administration tools (3) development of correction and recording tools and (4) evaluation grids. Thirdly, one group of Canadian and two groups of Burkinabe experts gave their views on the relevance and clarity of each section of the draft and corrected version of the guide. Observations and feedback given allowed us to improve the final guide. Generally, the percentage degree of agreement for the relevance and clarity of content developed in each section was satisfactory. However, the experts' recommendations have led to adjustments on different aspects: 1) the contents of the guide: a single examination for the development of the guide instead of three, 2) the contents of some tables: to complete or to merge; 3) the quality of language: some sentences have been reformulated; numbering errors of some subsections have been corrected. The final version would be one adapted to the Burkinabe context. This guide is destined for those responsible for the assessment of learning and experience of students in Burkina Faso. It is also a repository for the initial and continuing training of teachers and teacher trainers. Although this research is methodologically and ethically sound, the implementation of the results is limited to the context of Burkina Faso. However, they can support or direct other research in the same line

Caractérisation de la Dynamique des Feux et del'Evolution du Couvert dans le Parc du W Burkina Faso, Bénin et Niger.

Abstract not availableJRC.H-Institute for environment and sustainability (Ispra

Effets des modes de gestion des résidus du bananier et d’options de fumure minérale sur le rendement du maïs et les caractéristiques chimiques du sol dans un système de rotation bananier /maïs à l’Ouest du Burkina Faso

Au Burkina Faso, le recyclage des résidus de culture constitue un défi pour l’amélioration de la productivité des systèmes de production agricole. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les effets de la gestion des résidus du bananier (Musa acuminata C.) et de la fumure minérale sur les caractéristiques chimiques du sol et le rendement du maïs (Zea mays L.). Un essai en split-plot avec quatre répétitions comparant quatre modes de gestion des résidus du bananier et quatre options de fumure minérale a été conduit en culture pluviale et en culture irriguée. Les rendements grains du maïs ont augmenté de 24 à 66,2% avec le paillage et l’enfouissement de résidus par rapport au brûlage et au ramassage. Le pH, le carbone total, l’azote total et le potassium disponible du sol ont été améliorés par le paillage, l’enfouissement et le brûlage des résidus comparativement au ramassage. L’utilisation combinée des résidus et des engrais a permis un accroissement significatif des rendements. Cependant, elle a induit une baisse du pH et du potassium total du sol comparativement au témoin. L’étude a montré l’intérêt du paillage et de l’enfouissement des résidus du bananier combiné avec la fumure azotée pour améliorer les rendements de maïs. English title: The effects of banana tree residues managements and mineral fertilizers use options on soil chemical properties and maize yield in a banana tree / maize rotation system in western Burkina Faso In Burkina Faso, the recycling of crop residues for improving the productivity of cropping systems is still a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the management of banana tree (Musa acuminata C.) residues and mineral fertilizers on both soil chemical characteristics and the yield of maize (Zea mays L.). A split-plot trial with four repetitions comparing four management types of banana tree residues (mulching, burying, burning and exporting) and four application options of mineral fertilizers was conducted in rain-fed and irrigated cropping systems. The results revealed that the maize grain yield increased by 24 to 66.2% with mulching and burying residues (green manure) compared to burning or exporting the banana tree residues. Soil pH, total carbon and nitrogen as well as available potassium were improved by the mulching, burying and burning compared to exporting the banana tree residues. The combined use of the residues and mineral fertilizers significantly improved the maize yield. However, it caused a decrease in the soil pH and total potassium compared to the control treatment. The study demonstrated that mulching and burying banana tree residues in combination with mineral fertilizer improves maize yield

Caractérisation et évaluation in vitro de l’effet antifalcimiant des graines de Cajanus cajan (Fabacées) sur les drépanocytes à Abidjan - Côte d’Ivoire

La drépanocytose est une maladie génétique qui constitue un problème de santé publique en Côte d’Ivoire. Etant donné les coûts onéreux du traitement, les patients s’orientent vers la médecine traditionnelle avec l’utilisation de plantes, parmi lesquelles Cajanus cajan. L’objectif de ce travail était de réaliser une étude phytochimique et d’évaluer in vitro l’effet antifalcimiant des graines de Cajanus cajan. Cette étude expérimentale s’est effectuée en deux phases : une première consacrée à la caractérisation des graines et l’autre concernait l’étude de l’activité antifalcimiante in vitro de ces graines. L’étude de l’activité antifalcimiante s’est faite sur les prélèvements sanguins de 30 drépanocytaires homozygotes SSFA2. Après induction de la falciformation des globules rouges, l’ajout de l’extrait aqueux de la plante a permis d’évaluer l’activité antifalcimiante par la recherche des drépanocytes au microscope optique. Les graines de Cajanus cajan contiennent des stérols, polyterpènes, polyphénols, des flavonoïdes, des tanins et des alcaloïdes. Elles sont dépourvues de toute toxicité aigüe. L’extrait aqueux diminuait le taux de drépanocytes d’environ 50% après 30 mn de contact. Cette étude a permis de montrer que les graines de Cajanus cajan possèdent des vertus antifalcimiantes.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Cajanus cajan, phytochimie, activité antifalcimiante, drépanocytose, AbidjanEnglish Title: Characterization and in vitro evaluation of the antisickling effect of the seeds of Cajanus cajan (Fabaceae) on sickle cells in Abidjan - Côte d’IvoireEnglish AbstractSickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that constitutes a public health problem in Côte d'Ivoire. Given the high cost of treatment, patients in Africa turn to traditional medicine with the use of plants, including  Cajanus cajan. The objective of this work was to make a phytochemical study and to evaluate in vitro the antisickling effect of seeds of Cajanus cajan. This experimental study was carried out in two phases: the first was devoted to the characterization of the seeds and the other concerned the study of the in vitro antisickling activity of these seeds. The study was done on the blood samples of 30 SSFA2 homozygote patients with sickle cell anemia. After induction of the sickling of red blood cells, the addition of the aqueous extract of the plant allowed the evaluation of the antisickling activity by the search for sickle cells under an optical microscope. Cajanus cajan seeds contain sterols, polyterpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. They are without any acute toxicity. The aqueous extract reduced the rate of sickle cells of about 50% after 30 min of contact. This study made it possible to show that the seeds of Cajanus cajan have antisickling virtues.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Cajanus cajan, phytochemical, antisickling activity, sickle cell anemia, Abidja

Appraisal of the performance of peanut genotypes (Arachis hypogaea L.) from the ICRISAT collection in India

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a worldwide popular oilseed. In Burkina Faso, production fluctuates from year to year. This fluctuation in yield is linked to the biotic factors which constitute the major constraints of peanuts. To this end, many breeding programs have been set up to select disease-resistant varieties to improve yields. It is with this in mind that this work focused a genetic analysis of traits related to leaf spot resistance of groundnuts. This study was to evaluate the performance of groundnut genotypes of Indian origin, through field screening to identify leafs spot resistant genotypes with good performance. The experimental device was in a completely randomized Fisher block with three repetitions. After setting up the trial, severity of the disease, percentage of defoliation and yield components were noted. Data from all observations were analyzed using the XLSTAT Pro.1 static analysis software. Statistical analysis of the obtained results showed a significant difference between the obtained values in the different genotypes evaluated for all of the above parameters except the yield. At the end of this study, nineteen (19) resistant genotypes and twenty-three (23) genotypes moderately resistant to leaf spot were identified. These resistant genotypes constitute an additional list of resistant varieties and can be used as a source of resistance in a varietal improvement program.Keywords: Performance, Arachis hypogaea L., ICRISAT collection, India

Influence of Agro-Ecological Areas on the Antioxidant Capacity of Onion Varieties Grown in Burkina Faso

Colored onion bulb is an important source of antioxidants. Some ecological factors can significantly influence the content and quality of these substances. The aim of the present study is to determine the antioxidant and total polyphenol content of fresh bulbs of five (05) varieties of onion (Galmi Violet, Damani Violet, Prema, Safari and a Local variety-LV) grown in Burkina Faso, and to evaluate also the influence of agro-ecological parameters on the antioxidant content of the most cultivated variety (Galmi violet) of them. Samples of onion bulb for analysis were collected in the six agro-ecological areas of Burkina Faso under the same cultivation conditions. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using the method of Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power. The evaluation of the total polyphenol contents was carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results showed that antioxidant activities for the 5 varieties tested vary between 0.125 ± 0.001 and 0.149 ± 0.004 mg TE / g, and total polyphenol contents from 0.172 ± 0.011 to 0.272 ± 0.003 mg EAG/g. Results on the assessment of the effect of ecology on the antioxidant content of Galmi violet variety revealed significant variations in antioxidant content from 0.144 ± 0.002 to 0.155 ± 0.001 mg TE / g, and total polyphenols from 0.208 ± 0.014 to 0.292 ± 0.012 mg EAG / g depending on the ecological cultivation area

Influences of Storage Conditions, Cultivation and Culinary Practices, On the Antioxidant Capacity of Red Bulbs of Some Onion Varieties Grown in Burkina Faso

Red onion bulb is a vegetable containing micronutrients with antioxidant properties. However, certain factors can have an impact on the content of these compounds. The present research evaluate the effects of parameters such as cultural practices, storage conditions and culinary practices, on the antioxidants content of red onion bulb of some varieties grown in Burkina Faso. The identification of the factors was carried out through field surveys, and their effects on the antioxidants content were assessed and appreciated through especially specific related bibliographic and laboratory test data. The results showed that84.78% of farmers use chemical fertilizers and all of them use chemical pesticides on onion crop. They don’t use premises or equipment suitable for storage. About dishes,7.61% of cooks, peel, cut and wash onion bulb before steam cooking, boiling water cooking or oil frying them at high temperature during 30 minutes to 3 hours. Some cooks use to braise onion bulb scales as ingredients for different dishes such as barbecue. Only 02,72% of cooks grind the onion bulbs with a pestle, before using the crushed as such on barbecue, or slow cooking it in different sauces. Research results show that these culinary practices contribute declining significantly the final intake of antioxidant for the consumer's body